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Introductory Essay—Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis

Karl E. Weick
Karl E. Weick
School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
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Karl E. Weick

School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Search for more papers by this author

Published Online:1 Oct 1998https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.5.543

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  5 December 2019 | Human Service Organizations: Management, Leadership & Governance, Vol. 44, No. 1
- L’action sur les territoires face au défi d’une temporalité ouverte. L’improvisation comme modèle pour l’action aménagiste ?
  Développement durable et territoires, Vol. Vol. 11, n°2
- Le temps presse ! Perception du temps et formes de coopération au sein d’un projet
  16 November 2020 | Management international, Vol. 24, No. 4
- Learning Methodology for VUCA Situations
  9 December 2019
- Project management methods as a way to ambidexterity
  International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12, No. 4
- Improvisation in Higher Education Management: Coping with Complexity and Organizational Dynamics
  17 July 2019 | Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, Vol. 20, No. 4
- Flexibility in Emergency Management: Exploring the Roles of Spontaneous Planning and Improvisation in Disaster Response
- An Extemporary Pen: The Illusion of Improvisation in Don Juan and Other Poems
  The Byron Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2
- Contributions of Mindfulness to Improvisational Behavior and Consequences on Business Performance and Stress of Entrepreneurs during Economic Downturn
  8 September 2019 | Organization Management Journal, Vol. 16, No. 4
- Making sense of effective partnerships among senior leaders in the National Health Service
  23 May 2017 | Health Care Management Review, Vol. 44, No. 4
- The platform and the bricoleur—Improvisation and smart city initiatives in Indonesia
  14 September 2019 | Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, Vol. 46, No. 8
- Activities and Sensemaking Associated With Frontline Role Expansion in Primary Care Settings
  Journal of Healthcare Management, Vol. 64, No. 5
- Discutindo o gerenciamento para a mudança: o framework 5M
  1 September 2019 | Organizações & Sociedade, Vol. 26, No. 90
- For a short time, we were the best version of ourselves: Hurricane Harvey and the ideal of community
  International Journal of Emergency Services, Vol. 9, No. 1
- The co-creation of social ventures through bricolage, for the displaced, by the displaced
  International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, Vol. 25, No. 5
- Organizational justice and management trustworthiness during organizational Change: Interactions of Benevolence, Integrity, and managerial approaches
  Information Processing & Management, Vol. 56, No. 4
- Linking improvisational behavior to customer satisfaction: the relational dynamics
  Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 34, No. 6
- CEO Entrepreneurial Leadership and Performance Outcomes of Top Management Teams in Entrepreneurial Ventures: The Mediating Effects of Psychological Safety
  25 September 2018 | Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 57, No. 3
- The Improvisational Entrepreneur: Improvisation Training in Entrepreneurship Education
  4 January 2020 | Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 57, No. sup1
- Effective organizational improvisation in information systems development: Insights from the Tencent messaging system development
  Information & Management, Vol. 56, No. 4
- Business, organization theory, and the current challenge of neocharisma
  7 May 2019 | Business and Society Review, Vol. 124, No. 2
- The Impact of Service Improvisation Competence on Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry
  1 June 2019 | Production and Operations Management, Vol. 28, No. 6
- Entrepreneurship through Bricolage: a study of displaced entrepreneurs at times of war and conflict
  14 November 2018 | Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 31, No. 5-6
- Developing a Strategic Model of Internal Crisis Communication: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
  8 July 2019 | International Journal of Strategic Communication, Vol. 13, No. 3
- Lifecycle view of managing different changes in projects
  5 July 2018 | International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, Vol. 12, No. 1
- Integrative ambidexterity: one paradoxical mode of learning
  The Learning Organization, Vol. 26, No. 4
- Competence for the Unforeseen: Social Support and Concurrent Learning as Basic Components of Interaction Under Risk
  13 May 2019 | Frontiers in Communication, Vol. 4
- Organization Improvisational Capability
  6 May 2019 | ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information Systems, Vol. 50, No. 2
- An Integrative Perspective of Organizational Responses: Routines, Heuristics, and Improvisations in a Mount Everest Expedition
  Fernando F. Suarez,
  Juan S. Montes
  17 May 2019 | Organization Science, Vol. 30, No. 3
- The Experience of Improvising in Organizations: A Creative Process Perspective
  Academy of Management Perspectives, Vol. 33, No. 2
- Recherche qualitative en sciences sociales
- Improvisation in the learning organization: a defense of the infra-ordinary
  The Learning Organization, Vol. 26, No. 3
- Sécurité réglée et/ou sécurité gérée : quand l’ingénierie de la résilience réinterroge l’ergonomie de l’activité
  Le travail humain, Vol. Vol. 82, No. 1
- Play at work, learning and innovation
  9 July 2018 | Public Management Review, Vol. 21, No. 3
- Incivility’s Relationship with Workplace Outcomes: Enactment as a Boundary Condition in Two Samples
  8 March 2017 | Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 155, No. 2
- Understanding improvisation in construction through antecedents, behaviours and consequences
  15 October 2018 | Construction Management and Economics, Vol. 37, No. 2
- What Can Knowledge-Creating Organisations Learn from Theatrical Improvisation?
  29 March 2019
- Toward a Rule-Breaking Managerial Framework
  16 July 2019
- Future Research in Learning with, Through and from Scientific Representations
  23 October 2019
- Exploring Constitutional Hybridity
  5 December 2018
- Using Applied Improvisation for Organizational Learning in the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre
  16 February 2019
- Beschleunigung ohne Ende? Über Zeit und Zeitlichkeit in Organisationen
  15 February 2019
- The cyber-resilience of financial institutions: significance and applicability
  11 October 2019 | Journal of Cybersecurity, Vol. 5, No. 1
- Leaders’ Behaviors During Radical Change Processes: Subordinates’ Perceptions of How Well Leader Behaviors Communicate Change
  15 September 2015 | International Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 56, No. 1
- Decision-making in complex environments under time pressure and risk of critical irreversibility: The role of meta rules
  M@n@gement, Vol. 22, No. 1
- The Effect of Proactive Personality on Individual Improvisation: The Moderating Role of Job Autonomy
  Open Journal of Social Sciences, Vol. 07, No. 04
- Bibliography
- On collective improvisation in crisis management – A scoping study analysis
  Safety Science, Vol. 110
- Weathering contextual activities and situated sensemaking
  12 October 2018 | Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, Vol. 33, No. 8
- Organisational routines for school improvement: exploring the link between ostensive and performative aspects
  30 March 2017 | International Journal of Leadership in Education, Vol. 21, No. 6
- Behavioural response patterns: an investigation of the early stages of major incidents
  10 August 2018 | foresight, Vol. 20, No. 4
- Marketing (as) rhetoric: an introduction
  20 December 2018 | Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 34, No. 15-16
- Lean Technical Communication: Toward Sustainable Program Innovation.
  27 September 2018 | Technical Communication Quarterly, Vol. 27, No. 4
- Organisational autoethnography: possibilities, politics and pitfalls
  26 September 2018 | Journal of Organizational Ethnography, Vol. 7, No. 3
- Mission as Metaphor: Reconceptualizing how Leaders Utilize Institutional Mission
  1 September 2018 | Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education, Vol. 120, No. 9
- Tactics for Connecting Entrepreneurship and Technical Communication through Community Engagement
  3 August 2018
- Under pressure! Team innovative climate and individual attitudes in shaping individual improvisation
  European Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4
- Silver Bullet or Ricochet? CEOs’ Use of Metaphorical Communication and Infomediaries’ Evaluations
  Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 61, No. 4
- Utiliser des règles simples pour décider vite et bien : pour une approche simplexe du management stratégique
  Revue internationale de psychosociologie et de gestion des comportements organisationnels, Vol. Vol. XXIV, No. 58
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  19 August 2017 | Organization Studies, Vol. 39, No. 7
- Traveling concepts: Performative movements in learning/playing
  19 March 2018 | Management Learning, Vol. 49, No. 3
- Brand management: Unveiling the delusion of control
  European Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 3
- When neighboring disciplines fail to learn from each other: The case of innovation and project management research
  Research Policy, Vol. 47, No. 5
- Improvisation for innovation: The contingent role of resource and structural factors in explaining innovation capability
  Technovation, Vol. 74-75
- Quel modèle de management pour les organisations temporaires ?
  5 December 2018 | Revue Française de Gestion, Vol. 44, No. 274
- Complex Buildings and Cellular Automata—A Cellular Automaton Model for the Centquatre-Paris
  14 June 2018 | Urban Science, Vol. 2, No. 2
- Subverting organizational IS policy with feral systems: a case in China
  Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 118, No. 3
- Finding the sweet spot between art and business in analogically mediated inquiry
  Journal of Business Research, Vol. 85
- Improvisational Self-Directed Learning
- Waging Peace Through Symphonic Discourse in the Sudan–Uganda Conflicts
  25 December 2017 | Journal of Creative Communications, Vol. 13, No. 1
- Governing Turbulence: An Organizational- Institutional Agenda
  11 November 2017 | Perspectives on Public Management and Governance, Vol. 1, No. 1
- Entrepreneurs' improvisational behavior and new venture performance: Firm-level and institutional contingencies
  Journal of Business Research, Vol. 83
- The influence of decision comprehensiveness on innovative behaviors in small entrepreneurial firms: the power of connectivity
  14 September 2017 | Innovation, Vol. 20, No. 1
- Improvisation and Transformation
  21 March 2018
- Improvisation and Transformation: Yes to the Mess
  8 May 2018
- Black Novelties and the Early Recognition of Emergence
  31 August 2017
- From Gas Explosions to Earthquakes: Case Studies of Disaster Response in Taiwan
  28 September 2017
- Improvising Agility: Organizations as Structured-Extemporaneous Hybrids
  5 October 2017
- Community Innovation and Disasters
  17 November 2017
- Improvisation and Transformation: Yes to the Mess
  24 June 2018
- Creativity in/of Organizations for Managing Things to Come: Lessons to Be Learnt from Philosophy
  28 June 2018
- The Role of Dynamic Entrepreneurial Capabilities and Innovation in Intergenerational Succession of Family Firms
  4 September 2018
- Mehr Komplexität wagen. Annäherungen an einen entscheidungsrelevanten Begriff in PR-Theorie und -Praxis
  21 July 2017
- Information Infrastructure and Resilience in American Disaster Plans
  18 May 2018
- Dancing in Chains: Creative Practices in/of Organizations
  SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 17
- L’action sur les territoires face au défi d’une temporalité ouverte. L’improvisation comme modèle pour l’action aménagiste ?
  Développement durable et territoires, Vol. Vol. 9, n°2
- Improvisational Self-Directed Learning
- A Systems Theory of Organizational Information
- Enterprise Systems, Power and Improvisation
- Transdisciplinary Innovation: Connecting Ideas from Professional and User Networks
  27 February 2018 | Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, Vol. 02, No. 04
- Genius begins at home: Shared social identity enhances the recognition of creative performance
  5 February 2017 | British Journal of Psychology, Vol. 108, No. 4
- Revisiting a Social Constructionist Approach to Crisis Communication– Investigating Contemporary Crises in China
  19 September 2017 | International Journal of Strategic Communication, Vol. 11, No. 5
- Silvana K. Figueroa-Dreher, Improvisieren. Material, Interaktion, Haltung und Musik aus soziologischer Perspektive. Wiesbaden: Springer VS 2016, 398 S., kt., 69,99 €
  17 October 2017 | Soziologische Revue, Vol. 40, No. 4
- More Dynamic Than You Think: Hidden Aspects of Decision-Making
  14 July 2017 | Administrative Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 3
- Promoting students’ reflections in organisational improvisation arrangement between higher education and workplaces
  21 December 2016 | Nordic Journal of Vocational Education and Training, Vol. 14
- Thriving Transitional Experiences: Self-Knowledge, Improvisation, and Transformation Quotient in a Highly Dynamic World
  22 August 2017
- Organizational Complexity and Computation
  23 October 2017
- Intraorganizational Ecology
  23 October 2017
- Bricolage, collaboration and mission drift in social enterprises
  14 August 2017 | Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, Vol. 29, No. 7-8
- Practicing Human Dignity: Ethical Lessons from Commedia dell’Arte and Theater
  14 October 2015 | Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 144, No. 2
- Making channel incentives work: A discriminating match framework
  Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 65
- The identification and analysis of making-do waste: insights from two Brazilian construction sites
  Ambiente Construído, Vol. 17, No. 3
- The Helix of Change: A Visual Metaphor
  2 December 2016 | European Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 2
- Slides in the Tray: How Fire Crews Enable Members to Borrow Experiences
  13 March 2017 | Small Group Research, Vol. 48, No. 3
- Investigação de perdas devido ao trabalho inacabado e o seu impacto no tempo de ciclo dos processos construtivos
  Ambiente Construído, Vol. 17, No. 2
- Improvisation – An emergence theory perspective
  23 March 2015 | Culture and Organization, Vol. 23, No. 3
- Structural Disruption, Relational Experimentation, and Performance in Professional Hockey Teams: A Network Perspective on Member Change
  H. Colleen Stuart
  3 April 2017 | Organization Science, Vol. 28, No. 2
- Integrating Dialectical and Paradox Perspectives on Managing Contradictions in Organizations
  13 May 2016 | Organization Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3-4
- Discourse of Leadership
  13 January 2017 | International Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 54, No. 2
- Bridging complexity theory and resilience to develop surge capacity in health systems
  Journal of Health Organization and Management, Vol. 31, No. 1
- Jamming
  8 March 2017
- Addressing the Needs of Adults and Children with Disabilities through Emergency Preparedness and Organizational Improvisation
  16 November 2016 | Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Vol. 27, No. 3
- Detailing a Spectrum of Motivational Forces Shaping Nomadic Practices
  25 February 2017
- Primary or complex? Towards a theory of metaphorical strategy communication in MNCs
  Journal of World Business, Vol. 52, No. 2
- Patterns of Connectivity: The Enactment of Organisational Routines in Greenfield Projects
  27 December 2016 | Knowledge and Process Management, Vol. 24, No. 1
- Duality Theory
  2 June 2017
- The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident: Entering into Resilience Faced with an Extreme Situation
  16 August 2017
- Examining learning strategies, creativity, and innovation at SMEs using fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis and PLS path modeling
  Journal of Business Research, Vol. 70
- Can Teams Have a Creative Personality?
- Understanding the Creativity of Bricolage in Zoukei-Asobi
  16 February 2017
- The Effect of Discontinuous and Unpredictable Environmental Change on the Use of Management Accounting during Organizational Decline: A Field Study
  SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 31
- The Sociomateriality of (Dis)order: The Case of Fighting, Living and Surviving a Battle
  SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 24
- L’intervention capacitante : quels enjeux pour la pratique de l’ergonome ?
  Activites, Vol. 14, No. 2
- Comment renforcer les compétences improvisationnelles des équipes projet ?
- Improvisation in teaching and education—roots and applications
  4 July 2016 | Cogent Education, Vol. 3, No. 1
- Salesperson improvisation: Antecedents, performance outcomes, and boundary conditions
  Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 59
- Knowledge-Based and Contextual Factors Associated with R&D Teams’ Improvisation Capability
  10 July 2016 | Journal of Management, Vol. 42, No. 7
- The need for speed—unfamiliar problems, capability rigidity, and ad hoc processes in organizations: Table 1.
  12 August 2016 | Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 25, No. 5
- L’improvisation en tant que situation managériale ? Comment évolue-t-elle durant la vie d’un projet ?
  @GRH, Vol. n° 18, No. 1
- Spontaneity and international marketing performance
  International Marketing Review, Vol. 33, No. 5
- Knowledge transfer in knowledge-intensive organizations: the crucial role of improvisation in transferring and protecting knowledge
  Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 20, No. 5
- Experimental learning enhancing improvisation skills
  The Learning Organization, Vol. 23, No. 6
- A behavioural theory of the fund management firm
  18 June 2014 | The European Journal of Finance, Vol. 22, No. 11
- Rethinking Interaction in Jazz Improvisation
  1 September 2016 | Music Theory Online, Vol. 22, No. 3
- Advances to the study of international public administration
  13 April 2016 | Journal of European Public Policy, Vol. 23, No. 7
- Exploring the perceived value of social practice theories for business-to-business marketing managers
  Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 29, No. 5
- Network Bricolage as the Reconciliation of Indigenous and Transplanted Institutions in Africa
  2 September 2016 | Africa Journal of Management, Vol. 2, No. 3
- A review of instruments to measure interprofessional team-based primary care
  21 May 2016 | Journal of Interprofessional Care, Vol. 30, No. 4
- The Added Value of Improvisation to Effectiveness-Oriented Transformational Leadership
  1 July 2016 | International Journal of Educational Reform, Vol. 25, No. 3
- Collective mindfulness in post-implementation IS adaptation processes
  Information and Organization, Vol. 26, No. 1-2
- Resilience Processes during Cosmology Episodes: Lessons Learned from the Haiti Earthquake
  1 June 2016 | Journal of Psychology and Theology, Vol. 44, No. 2
- Delaying Change: Examining How Industry and Managerial Turbulence Impact Structural Realignment
  Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 59, No. 3
- Sense‐making Innovative Systems: Prestigious MOOCs
  15 July 2015 | Systems Research and Behavioral Science, Vol. 33, No. 3
- Dynamic Capabilities in Complex Projects: The Case of London Heathrow Terminal 5
  1 April 2016 | Project Management Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2
- Project Innovation: Evidence-Informed, Open, Effectual, and Subjective
  1 April 2016 | Project Management Journal, Vol. 47, No. 2
- Not all that jazz! Jamband as a metaphor for organizing new models of innovation
  European Management Journal, Vol. 34, No. 2
- Strategy development: Driving improvisation in Malaysia
  Journal of World Business, Vol. 51, No. 3
- Improvising Prescription: Evidence from the Emergency Room
  21 October 2015 | British Journal of Management, Vol. 27, No. 2
- Let's Play: The Use of Improv Games in Change Management Training
  1 April 2016 | Industry and Higher Education, Vol. 30, No. 2
- Emphasising the political and emotional dimensions of organisational change politics with Laclauian discourse theory
  Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1
- Donor patterns: a modular structure for sharing knowledge
  21 December 2017 | Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 67, No. 3
- Self-Organization and Sense-Making in Architect–Engineer Design Teams: Leveraging Health Care’s Approach to Managing Complex Adaptive Systems
  Journal of Management in Engineering, Vol. 32, No. 2
- Beyond the leader-centric approach
  Society and Business Review, Vol. 11, No. 1
- Managerialism in Complex Systems: Experiences of Strategic Planning in Non-Profit Hospitals
- Rose-tinted lenses: how American functionalist strategy inhibits our appreciation of complex conflicts
  18 February 2016 | Defence Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1
- An Improvisation Based Framework for Interactive Urban Environments
  21 June 2016
- Learning for Professional Competence in an IS Context
  2 August 2016
- Negotiating open source software adoption in the UK public sector
  Government Information Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1
- Organizing the Integration Demands Across PSS Life Cycles: Towards a Specific form of Improvisation for Creating Customer-specific Solutions
  Procedia CIRP, Vol. 47
- Newsmaking and Sensemaking: Navigating Temporal Transitions Between Planned and Unexpected Events
  Gerardo Patriotta,
  Daniel A. Gruber
  6 October 2015 | Organization Science, Vol. 26, No. 6
- Learning wisdom: Embodied and artful approaches to management education
  Scandinavian Journal of Management, Vol. 31, No. 4
- Management Improvisation
  26 October 2015
- The marketing manager as a jazz musician
  Marketing Intelligence & Planning, Vol. 33, No. 7
- One piece at a time: why linear planning and institutionalisms promote military campaign failures
  14 December 2015 | Defence Studies, Vol. 15, No. 4
- Organizational Improvisation: A Consolidating Review and Framework
  15 September 2014 | International Journal of Management Reviews, Vol. 17, No. 4
- Effectuation As Ineffectual? Applying the 3E Theory-Assessment Framework to a Proposed New Theory of Entrepreneurship
  Academy of Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 4
- The Meaning of Organizational Learning
  6 August 2015 | Human Resource Development Review, Vol. 14, No. 3
- More than meets the eye: working around technology in cross-boundary work contexts
  Information Technology & People, Vol. 28, No. 3
- Organizational Learning Capacity As a Predictor of Individuals’ Tendency Towards Improvisation in Nonprofit Organizations in Saudi Arabia
- Five Theoretical Lenses for Conceptualizing the Role of Meetings in Organizational Life
- Strategic Relevance of Organizational Virtues Enabled by Information Technology in Organizational Innovation
  16 December 2015 | Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 32, No. 3
- “Yes, and...”: What improv theater can teach service firms
  Business Horizons, Vol. 58, No. 4
- Inside banks' information and control systems: Post-decision surprise and corporate disruption
  Information and Organization, Vol. 25, No. 3
- Extending a Provocative Tradition: Book Reviews and Beyond at AMR
  Academy of Management Review, Vol. 40, No. 3
- Management des équipes projet : l’impact de la gestion des conflits et de l’improvisation organisationnelle sur la performance
  Revue de gestion des ressources humaines, Vol. N° 96, No. 2
- Dans quelle catégorie soumettre un article ?
  Systèmes d'information & management, Vol. Volume 20, No. 1
- Operators' Improvisation in Complex Technological Systems: Successfully Tackling Ambiguity, Enhancing Resiliency and the Last Resort to Averting Disaster
  25 March 2015 | Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 23, No. 2
- Malgré l’effondrement du sens dans les organisations, échapper à l’emprise comportementale grâce à la résilience
  Revue internationale de psychosociologie et de gestion des comportements organisationnels, Vol. Vol. XXI, No. 52
- Comprendre « ce qui se passe dans les organisations »
  Revue internationale de psychosociologie et de gestion des comportements organisationnels, Vol. Vol. XXI, No. 52
- The promise and problems of video diaries: building on current research
  21 July 2014 | Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, Vol. 7, No. 3
- A framework for organizational learning: zero, adaptive and generative learning
  10 February 2015 | Journal of Management & Organization, Vol. 21, No. 3
- Struggling with internal crisis communication: A balancing act between paradoxical tensions
  20 July 2015 | Public Relations Inquiry, Vol. 4, No. 2
- Strategy tools‐in‐use: A framework for understanding “technologies of rationality” in practice
  8 May 2014 | Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 4
- Intégration des services en santé mentale et en toxicomanie : processus de rencontre de deux mondes
  Santé Publique, Vol. S1, No. HS
- Ambiguities in organizations and the routines of behavior and change
  International Journal of Organizational Analysis, Vol. 23, No. 1
- Improvising innovation in UK urban district heating: The convergence of social and environmental agendas in Aberdeen
  Energy Policy, Vol. 78
- Surgery and Jazz
  Annals of Surgery, Vol. 261, No. 3
- Improvisation in project management: A praxeology
  International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 33, No. 2
- Building sense out of situational complexity
  25 July 2014 | Organizational Psychology Review, Vol. 5, No. 1
- Improvisational Capabilities in e-Commerce Adoption: A Multiyear Comparison
  31 March 2015 | Journal of Global Information Technology Management, Vol. 18, No. 1
- Improvisation: A legitimate strategy in the face of adversity
  4 June 2015 | Small Enterprise Research, Vol. 22, No. 1
- Digital innovation strategy: A framework for diagnosing and improving digital product and service innovation
  Business Horizons, Vol. 58, No. 1
- Improvisation as a Prerequisite for the Dynamic Interplay of Production and Service in PSS: Insights of an Organizational Design Principle and a Game-based Learning Approach
  Procedia CIRP, Vol. 30
- Terrorism as Formal Organization, Network, and Social Movement
  24 June 2014 | Journal of Management Inquiry, Vol. 24, No. 1
- Continuous Change in Educational Organizations
- Emergent Life Cycle: The Tension Between Knowledge Change and Knowledge Retention in Open Online Coproduction Communities
  Gerald C. Kane,
  Jeremiah Johnson,
  Ann Majchrzak
  16 April 2014 | Management Science, Vol. 60, No. 12
- Cognitive Correlates of Improvised Behaviour in Disaster Response: the Cases of the M urrah Building and the W orld T rade C enter
  1 July 2014 | Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, Vol. 22, No. 4
- Organizational Improvisation: From the Constraint of Strict Tempo to the Power of the Avant‐Garde
  28 August 2014 | Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 23, No. 4
- Use or Abuse of Improvisation in Organizations?
  17 October 2014 | Creativity and Innovation Management, Vol. 23, No. 4
- Strategy, IT and control @ eBay, 1995-2005
  Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management, Vol. 11, No. 4
- Role of Explicit and Implicit Practices in the Production of Situated Preparedness for Disasters
  Natural Hazards Review, Vol. 15, No. 4
- Beyond resources and dynamic capabilities during disaster response: Response organizations in turbulent and networked environment: The case of a disaster response organization's simulated response to chemical spill disaster
- How Formalization Hinders Different Firm Innovativeness Types: Opening the Black Box with Evidence from a Service Industry
  25 September 2014 | International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Vol. 11, No. 05
- The organisation as artist’s palette: arts-based interventions
  Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 35, No. 5
- Improvisation and Entrepreneurial Bricolage versus Rationalisation: A case-based analysis of contrasting responses to economic instability in the UK brass musical instruments industry
  1 September 2014 | Journal of General Management, Vol. 40, No. 1
- “I don’t know why I’m here”: from knot-working to not-knowing
  Journal of Organizational Ethnography, Vol. 3, No. 2
- Jazz improvisers' shared understanding: a case study
  8 August 2014 | Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 5
- The Mutual Constitution of Persons and Organizations: An Ontological Perspective on Organizational Change
  Alexandra Michel
  4 February 2014 | Organization Science, Vol. 25, No. 4
- Exploring Spontaneous Planning During the North Texas April 3, 2012, Tornadoes: an Assessment of Decision-making Processes
- What coaches can learn from the history of jazz-based improvisation: A conceptual analysis
  1 August 2014 | International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring, Vol. 12, No. 2
- Reflections: On Time, Temporality and Change in Organizations
  26 March 2014 | Journal of Change Management, Vol. 14, No. 3
- Dynamic Capabilities and Organizational Change
- Defying interpretation: Dwelling on and delving into metonymy
  9 April 2014 | Culture and Organization, Vol. 20, No. 3
- Improvisation in Human Service Management and Scholarship
  13 June 2014 | Human Service Organizations Management, Leadership & Governance, Vol. 38, No. 3
- Fighting the fire: improvisational behavior during the production launch of new products
  International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 34, No. 6
- Sociotechnical Approaches to the Study of Information Systems
  1 May 2014
- Resilience and vulnerability of small flexible crisis response teams: implications for training and preparation
  22 January 2013 | Cognition, Technology & Work, Vol. 16, No. 2
- Why, how and to what effect do firms deviate from their intended marketing plans?
  European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 48, No. 3/4
- Safety-related improvisation in led outdoor activities: An exploratory investigation into its occurrence and influencing factors
  1 April 2014 | Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, Vol. 17, No. 2
- Collective performance: modeling the interaction of habit-based actions
  5 March 2014 | Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 23, No. 2
- Mindfully Experimenting with IT
  Journal of Database Management, Vol. 25, No. 2
- Conflito e improvisação por Design: a metáfora do Repente
  Organizações & Sociedade, Vol. 21, No. 68
- Entrepreneurial Remixing: Bricolage and Postmodern Resources
  1 February 2014 | The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol. 15, No. 1
- Situating the Concept of Organizational Mindfulness: The Multiple Dimensions of Organizational Learning
  22 August 2013
- Building Sustainable Organizational Trust in Radical Change – the Interplay of Organizational Trust and Mindfulness
  22 August 2013
- Internal Crisis Communication and Management
  7 May 2014
- Krisenwahrnehmung und Krisenbewältigung
  7 May 2014
- Moving up the Global Value Chain: The Case of Chinese IT Service Firms
  13 August 2014
- Industrial Structures as Competitive Factor in Organization Development
  Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 110
- Degrees of Improvisation
- Emergent Lifecycle: The Tension between Knowledge Change and Knowledge Retention in Open Online Co-Production Communities
  SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 25
- An Empirical Study of the Relationship of Organizational Improvisation to Market Orientation
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Volume 9, Issue 5

September-October 1998

Pages 539-622

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Published Online:October 01, 1998

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Karl E. Weick, (1998) Introductory Essay—Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis. Organization Science 9(5):543-555.

https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.9.5.543

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Introductory Essay—Improvisation as a Mindset for Organizational Analysis

Volume 9, Issue 5

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