Knowledge Flows Within Multinational Corporations: Explaining Subsidiary Isolation and Its Performance Implications
Published Online:1 Feb 2008https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1070.0264
References
- Demand heterogeneity and technology evolution: Implications for product and process innovation. Management Sci. (2001) 47(5):611–628Link, Google Scholar
- Are firms superior to alliances and markets? An empirical test of cross-border knowledge building. Organ. Sci. (2002) 13(2):147–161Link, Google Scholar
- Subsidiary performance in multinational corporations: The importance of technology embeddedness. Internat. Bus. Rev. (2001) 10:3–23Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Evolution of Cooperation (1984) (Basic Books, New York) Google Scholar
- Assessing construct validity in organizational research. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1991) 36:421–458Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory (1986) (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
- Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (1991) 50:248–287Crossref, Google Scholar
- Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control (1997) (Freeman, New York) Google Scholar
- Knowledge as a contingency variable: Do characteristics of knowledge predict organizational structure? Organ. Sci. (2002) 13(3):274–289Link, Google Scholar
- Consequences of perceptions gaps in headquarters-subsidiary relationship. Internat. Bus. Rev. (2000) 9(3):321–344Crossref, Google Scholar
- Structural Equations with Latent Variables (1989) (Wiley, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- On the interchangeability of objective and subjective measures of employee performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psych. (1995) 48(3):587–605Crossref, Google Scholar
- Reporting analyses of covariance structures. Structural Equation Model (2000) 7:461–483Crossref, Google Scholar
- A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. Management Sci. (2003) 49(4):432–445Link, Google Scholar
- Social identity, distinctiveness, and in-group homogeneity. Soc. Cognition (1993) 11(1):150–164Crossref, Google Scholar
- The art of continuous change: Linking complexity theory and time-paced evolution in relentlessly shifting organizations. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42:1–34Crossref, Google Scholar
- Self efficacy as a moderator of information-seeking effectiveness. J. Appl. Psych. (2001) 86:1043–1051Crossref, Google Scholar
- Alternative theories of the multinational enterprise. The Future of the Multinational Enterprise (1976) (MacMillan, London, UK) . Chapter 3Crossref, Google Scholar
- International corporations: The industrial economics of foreign investment. Economica (1971) 38:1–27Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Kaplan R. S. Measurement, coordination and learning in a multi-plant network. Measures for Manufacturing Excellence (1990) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA) 129–162Google Scholar
- Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1990) 35:128–152Crossref, Google Scholar
- Behavioral Theory of the Firm (1963) (Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
- Working Knowledge: Managing What Your Organization Knows (1998) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA) Google Scholar
- The capabilities of market-driven organizations. J. Marketing (1994) 58(4):37–52Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge management in the dark: An empirical study of the reliability of capability evaluations. Management Sci. (2004) 50(11):1491–1503Link, Google Scholar
- Sources, procedures, and microeconomic effects of innovation. J. Econom. Literature (1988) 26:1120–1171Google Scholar
- Effects of group goals and time pressure on group efficacy, information-seeking strategy, and performance. Human Performance (2000) 13(2):115–138Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Pettigrew A., Thomas H., Whittington R. Knowledge-based view: A new theory of strategy? Handbook of Strategy and Management (2002) (Sage, London) 139–164Google Scholar
- Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. J. Marketing Res. (1981) 18:39–50Crossref, Google Scholar
- Resource combinations in the firm: Knowledge structures and the potential for Schumpeterian innovation. Strategic Management J. (1998) 19:1193–1201Crossref, Google Scholar
- The innovative multinational: A differentiated network of organizational roles and management processes. (1986) . Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Harvard Business School, Boston, MAGoogle Scholar
- Creation, adoption and diffusion of innovations by subsidiaries of multinational corporations. J. Internat. Bus. Stud. (1988) 19(3):365–388Crossref, Google Scholar
- Internal differentiation within multinational corporations. Strategic Management J. (1989) 10:323–337Crossref, Google Scholar
- Do they do what they believe they can? Group efficacy and group effectiveness across tasks and cultures. Acad. Management J. (1999) 42:138–152Crossref, Google Scholar
- The efficacy advantage: Factors influencing the formation of group efficacy across cultures. J. Appl. Soc. Psych. (2003) 33(10):2153–2186Crossref, Google Scholar
- The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1960) 25:161–178Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge flows and the structure of control within multinational corporations. Acad. Management Rev. (1991) 16(4):768–792Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizing for knowledge flows within MNCS. Internat. Bus. Rev. (1994) 3(4):443–457Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge flows within multinational corporations. Strategic Management J. (2000) 21:473–496Crossref, Google Scholar
- Multivariate Data Analysis (1998) 4th ed.(Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
- The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organizational subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1999) 44(1):82–111Crossref, Google Scholar
- Competing for attention in knowledge markets: Electronic document dissemination in a management consulting company. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2001) 46(1):1–28Crossref, Google Scholar
- Leveraging technological competences. Strategic Management J. (2004) 25:801–822Crossref, Google Scholar
- What's your strategy for managing knowledge? Harvard Bus. Rev. (1999) 77(2):106–116Google Scholar
- A meta-analysis of self-supervisor, self-peer, and peer-supervisor ratings. Personnel Psych. (1988) 41:43–62Crossref, Google Scholar
- A Step-by-Step Approach to Using SAS for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (1994) (SAS Publishing, Cary, NC) Google Scholar
- Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Model (1999) 6:1–55Crossref, Google Scholar
- The International Operations of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment (1960) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- Market orientation: Antecedents and consequences. J. Marketing (1993) 57(July):53–70Crossref, Google Scholar
- The internationalization process of the firm—A model of knowledge development and increasing foreign market commitments. J. Internat. Bus. Stud. (1977) 8:23–32Crossref, Google Scholar
- Validity of the dimensions of the pay satisfaction questionnaire: Evidence of differential prediction. Personnel Psych. (1993) 46:331–356Crossref, Google Scholar
- Communication patterns, project performance, and task characteristics: An empirical evaluation and integration in an R&D setting. Management Sci. (1979) 23:139–162Google Scholar
- Implementing global strategies: The role of procedural justice. Strategic Management J. (1991) 12(4):125–143Crossref, Google Scholar
- A note on global strategies. Strategic Management J. (1989a) 12:125–143Google Scholar
- The stability of joint ventures: Reciprocity and competitive rivalry. J. Indust. Econom. (1989b) 38(2):183–198Crossref, Google Scholar
- What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organ. Sci. (1996) 7(5):502–518Link, Google Scholar
- , Klein K. J., Kozlowski S. W. J. A multilevel approach to theory and research in organizations: Contextual, temporal and emergent processes. Multilevel Theory Research and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions and New Directions (2000) (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA) 3–90Google Scholar
- Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic Management J. (1998) 19:461–477Crossref, Google Scholar
- Analyzing Multivariate Data (2003) (Brooks/Cole—Thomson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA) Google Scholar
- Allocative efficiency vs. “X-efficiency”. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1966) 56(June):392–415Google Scholar
- Myopia of learning. Strategic Management J. (1993) 14:95–112Crossref, Google Scholar
- Efficacy–performance spirals: A multilevel perspective. Acad. Management Rev. (1995) 20:645–678Google Scholar
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis: A Preface to Lisrel (1983) (Sage Publications, London, UK) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizations (1958) (Wiley, New York) Google Scholar
- An Evaluationary Theory of Economic Change (1982) (Belknap-Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- Innovation in multinational corporations: Control and communication patterns in R&D operations. Strategic Management J. (1998) 19(5):479–496Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Differentiated Network: Organizing Multinational Corporations for Value Creation (1997) (Jossey Bass, San Francisco, CA) Google Scholar
- Psychometric Theory (1978) (McGraw-Hill, New York) Google Scholar
- Self-reports in organizational research. J. Management (1986) 12(4):531–544Crossref, Google Scholar
- Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41(1):116–145Crossref, Google Scholar
- Overcoming local search through alliances and mobility. Management Sci. (2003) 49:751–766Link, Google Scholar
- Knowledge transfer between marketing functions in multinational companies: A conceptual model. Internat. Bus. Rev. (2003) 12:215–232Crossref, Google Scholar
- Technological change and economic theory. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1965) 55(2):333–341Google Scholar
- The uncertain relevance of newness: Organizational learning and knowledge flows. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(4):661–681Crossref, Google Scholar
- Pathways of relevance: Exploring inflows of knowledge into subunits of multinational corporations. Organ. Sci. (2003) 14(4):440–459Link, Google Scholar
- Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization (1947) (Macmillan, New York) Google Scholar
- Market orientation and organizational learning. J. Marketing (1995) 59:63–74Crossref, Google Scholar
- Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments. Amer. J. Sociol. (2001) 106(6):1546–1588Crossref, Google Scholar
- Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations (1998) (Currency/Doubleday, New York) Google Scholar
- Appropriating rents from existing knowledge: Intra-firm transfer of best practices. (1995) . Doctoral dissertation, INSEAD, Fontainebleau, FranceGoogle Scholar
- Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17:27–43Crossref, Google Scholar
- The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis of stickness. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (2000) 82(1):9–27Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social psychology of intergroup relations. Annual Rev. Psych. (1982) 33:1–39Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Worchel S., Austin W. G. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations (1986) (Nelson-Hall, Chicago, IL) 7–24Google Scholar
- The market for know-how and the efficient international transfer of technology. Ann. Amer. Acad. Political Soc. Sci. (1981) 458:81–96Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(5):996–1004Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Acad. Management J. (1998) 41(4):464–476Crossref, Google Scholar
- The utility of humility: Self-esteem, information search, and problem solving efficiency. Organ. Behav. Human Performance (1980) 25:216–223Crossref, Google Scholar
- A note on robust variance estimation for cluster-correlated data. Biometrics (2000) 56:645–646Crossref, Google Scholar
- Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- World Bank World Development Report. (2003) . World Bank, Washington, DCGoogle Scholar
- Absorptive capacity: A review, reconceptualization and extension. Acad. Management Rev. (2002) 27(2):185–203Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge and the speed of transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organ. Sci. (1995) 6(1):76–92Link, Google Scholar

