Geography, Networks, and Knowledge Flow

References

• Allen T. J.Managing the Flow of Technology (1977) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
• Almeida P., Kogut B. Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Sci. (1999) 45(7):905–917Link, Google Scholar
• Argote L., Ingram P. Knowledge transfer: A basis for comparative advantage in firms. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (2000) 82(1):150–169Crossref, Google Scholar
• Argote L., McEvily B., Reagans R. Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Sci. (2003) 49(4):571–582Link, Google Scholar
• Argyle M., Henderson M.The Anatomy of Relationships and the Rules and Skills Needed to Manage Them Successfully (1985) (William Heinemann Ltd., London, UK) Google Scholar
• Audretsch D. B., Baum J. A. C., Sorenson O. Managing knowledge spillovers: The role of geographic proximity. Geography and Strategy (2003) Vol. 20(Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) 23–48Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bell G. G. Clusters, networks, and firm innovativeness. Strategic Management J. (2005) 26:287–295Crossref, Google Scholar
• BellCharts BellCharts. (1997) . BellCharts Incorporated, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaGoogle Scholar
• Blau P. M.Exchange and Power in Social Life (1964) (Wiley, New York) Google Scholar
• Boisot M.Knowledge Assets: Securing Competitive Advantage in the Information Economy (1998) (Oxford University Press, New York) Google Scholar
• Borgatti S. P., Everett M. G., Freeman L. C.UCINET 6 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis, 6.59 (2002) (Analytic Technologies, Harvard, MA) Google Scholar
• Brown J. S., Duguid P., Lesser E., Fontaine M. A., Slusher J. A. Organizational learning and communities of practice: Toward a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Knowledge and Communities (2000) (Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, MA) Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S., Nohria N., Eccles R. G. The social structure of competition. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (1992a) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts) 57–91Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S.Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (1992b) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S. The contingent value of social capital. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42(2):339–365Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S., Sutton R. I., Staw B. M. The network structure of social capital. Research in Organizational Behavior (2000) Vol. 22(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 345–423Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S., Lin N., Cook K., Burt R. S. Structural holes versus network closure as social capital. Social Capital: Theory and Research (2001) (Aldine, Chicago, IL) 31–56Google Scholar
• Cohen J., Cohen P.Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (1983) 2nd ed.(L. Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ) Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. Innovation and learning: The two faces of R&D. Econom. J. (1989) 99(September):569–596Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1990) 35:128–152Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cornish S. L. Strategies for the acquisition of market intelligence and implications for the transferability of information inputs. Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers (1997) 87(3):451–470Crossref, Google Scholar
• Daft R. L., Lengel R. H. Organizational information requirements, media richness and structural design. Management Sci. (1986) 32(5):554–571Link, Google Scholar
• DeBresson C., Amesse F. Networks of innovators: A review and introduction to the issue. Res. Policy (1991) 20:363–379Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dekker D., Krackhardt D., Snijders T. A. B. Sensitivity of MRQAP tests to collinearity and autocorrelation conditions. (2005) . The Heinz School Working Paper Series, Pittsburgh, PAGoogle Scholar
• Dillman D. A.Mail and Telephone Surveys: The Total Design Method (1978) (John Wiley & Sons, New York) Google Scholar
• Doz Y. L., Santos J., Williamson P.From Global to Meta-National: How Companies Win in the Global Economy (2002) (Harvard University Press, Boston, MA) Google Scholar
• Dyer J. H., Singh H. The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Acad. Management Rev. (1998) 23(4):660–679Crossref, Google Scholar
• Frank R. H.Passions within Reason: The Strategic Role of the Emotions (1988) (W. W. Norton & Company, New York) Google Scholar
• Galaskiewicz J., Zaheer A., Andrews S., Knoke D. Networks of competitive advantage. Research in the Sociology of Organizations (1999) (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 237–261Google Scholar
• Garreau J.The Nine Nations of North America (1981) (Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA) Google Scholar
• Gertler M. S. Best practice? Geography, learning and the institutional limits to strong convergence. J. Econom. Geography (2001) 1:5–26Crossref, Google Scholar
• Granovetter M. S. The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. (1973) 78:1360–1380Crossref, Google Scholar
• Granovetter M. S., Marsden P. V. The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Social Structure and Network Analysis (1982) (Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, CA) 201–233Google Scholar
• Granovetter M. S. Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. Amer. J. Sociol. (1985) 91:481–510Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gulati R., Gargiulo M. Where do interorganizational networks come from? Amer. J. Sociol. (1999) 104(5):1739–1793Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hansen M. T. The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1999) 44:82–111Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hansen M. T., Lovas B. How do multinational companies leverage technological competencies? Moving from single to interdependent explanations. Strategic Management J. (2004) 25(8–9):801–822Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hedlund G. The hypermodern MNC—A heterarchy? Human Resource Management (1986) 25(1):9–35Crossref, Google Scholar
• Heimer C. A., Nohria N., Eccles R. G. Doing your job and helping your friends: Universalistic norms about obligations to particular others in networks. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (1992) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA) 143–164Google Scholar
• Ibarra H., Andrews S. B. Power, social influence, and sense making: Effects of network centrality and proximity on employee perceptions. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1993) 38:277–303Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ingram P., Roberts P. W. Friendships among competitors in the Sydney hotel industry. Amer. J. Sociol. (2000) 106(2):387–423Crossref, Google Scholar
• Investment Funds Institute of Canada December Statistics. (1997) . The Investment Funds Institute of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaGoogle Scholar
• Investment Funds Institute of Canada Membership Directory. (1998a) . The Investment Funds Institute of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaGoogle Scholar
• Investment Funds Institute of Canada Listing of board and committee members. (1998b) . Investment Fund, Institute of Canada, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaGoogle Scholar
• Jaccard J., Turrisi R., Wan C. K.Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression (1990) (Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA) Google Scholar
• Johnson J. C., Wasserman S., Galaskiewicz J. Anthropological contributions to the study of social networks: A review. Advances in Social Network Analysis (1994) (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA) 113–151Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kogut B. Joint ventures: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. SMJ (1988) 9:319–332Google Scholar
• Kogut B., Zander U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. (1992) 3(3):383–397Link, Google Scholar
• Kono C., Palmer D., Friedland R., Zafonte M. Lost in space: The geography of corporate interlocking directorates. Amer. J. Sociol. (1998) 103(4):863–911Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D. QAP Partialling as a test of spuriousness. Soc. Networks (1987) 9:171–186Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D. Predicting with networks: Nonparametric multiple regression analysis of dyadic data. Soc. Networks (1988) 10:359–381Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D., Nohria N., Eccles R. G. The strength of strong ties: The importance of Philos in organizations. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (1992) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston, MA) 216–239Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D., Kilduff M. Friendship patterns and culture: The control of organizational diversity. Amer. Anthropologist (1990) 92:142–154Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D., Kilduff M. Whether close or far: Social distance effects on perceived balance in friendship networks. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1999) 76(5):770–782Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lane P. J., Lubatkin M. Relative absorptive capacity and interorganizational learning. Strategic Management J. (1998) 19:461–477Crossref, Google Scholar
• Larson A. Network dyads in entrepreneurial settings: A study of the gevernance of exchange relationships. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1992) 37(1):76–104Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lawson C., Lorenz E. Collective learning: Tacit knowledge and regional innovative capacity. Regional Stud. (1999) 33(4):305–317Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lesser E., Prusak L., Lesser E., Fontaine M. A., Slusher J. A. Communities of practice, social capital and organizational knowledge. Knowledge and Communities (2000) (Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, MA) 123–131Crossref, Google Scholar
• Liedtka J., Lesser E., Fontaine M. A., Slusher J. A. Linking competitive advantage with communities of practice. Knowledge and Communities (2000) (Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, MA) 133–150Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lundvall B.-A. User-producer relationships, national systems of innovation and internationalisation. National Systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning (1992) (Pinter Publishers, London, UK) 45–67Google Scholar
• Marshall A.Principles of Economics (1920) (Macmillan, London, UK) Google Scholar
• McEvily B., Zaheer A. Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management J. (1999) 21:1133–1156Crossref, Google Scholar
• Merton R. K.Social Theory and Social Structure (1968) (Free Press, New York) Google Scholar
• Meyerson D., Weick K. E., Kramer R. M., Kramer R. M., Tyler T. R. Swift trust and temporary groups. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research (1996) (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA) 166–195Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mowery D. C., Oxley J. E., Silverman B. S. Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17:77–91Crossref, Google Scholar
• Owen-Smith J., Powell W. W. Knowledge networks as channels and conduits: The effects of spillovers in the Boston biotechnology community. Organ. Sci. (2004) 15(1):5–21Link, Google Scholar
• Paniccia I. One, a hundred, thousands of industrial districts: Organizational variety in local networks of small and medium-sized enterprises. Organ. Stud. (1998) 19(4):667–699Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pape G.Gordon Pape's 1998 Buyer's Guide to Mutual Funds (1997) (Prentice Hall Canada, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada) Google Scholar
• Penrose E.The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (1959) (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK) Google Scholar
• Polanyi M.The Tacit Dimension (1966) (Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, UK) Google Scholar
• Pouder R., St. John C. H. Hot spots and blind spots: Geographical clusters of firms and innovation. Acad. Management Rev. (1996) 21(4):1192–1225Crossref, Google Scholar
• Powell W. W., Koput K. W., Smith-Doerr L. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41:116–145Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rehbein K., Lenway S. Determining and industry's political effectiveness with the U.S. International Trade Commission. Bus. Soc. (1994) 33(3):270–292Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf L., Almeida P. Overcoming local search through alliances and mobility. Management Sci. (2003) 49(6):751–766Link, Google Scholar
• Rousseau D. M., Cummings L. L., Staw B. M. Issues of level in organizational research. Research in Organizational Behavior (1985) Vol. 7(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 1–37Google Scholar
• Rowley T., Behrens D., Krackhardt D. Redundant governance structures: An analysis of structural and relational embeddedness in the steel and semiconductor industries. Strategic Management J. (2000) 21:369–286Crossref, Google Scholar
• Saxenian A. The origins and dynamics of production networks in Silicon Valley. Res. Policy (1991) 20:423–437Crossref, Google Scholar
• Saxenian A. Lessons from Silicon Valley. Tech. Rev. (1994a) 97(5):42–51Google Scholar
• Saxenian A.Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128 (1994b) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
• Schrader S. Informal technology transfer between firms: Cooperation through information trading. Res. Policy (1991) 20:153–170Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sorenson O., Stuart T. E. Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments. Amer. J. Sociol. (2001) 106:1546–1588Crossref, Google Scholar
• Spender J. C., Grant R. M. Knowledge and the firm: Overview. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17(Winter):5–9Crossref, Google Scholar
• Steiger J. H. Tests for comparing elements of a correlation matrix. Psych. Bull. (1980) 87(2):245–251Crossref, Google Scholar
• Teigland R., Wasko M. M. Integrating knowledge through information trading: Examining the relationship between boundary spanning communication and individual performance. Decision Sci. (2003) 34(2):261–286Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tsai W. Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation. Acad. Management J. (2002) 44(5):996–1004Crossref, Google Scholar
• Uzzi B. The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1996) 61:674–698Crossref, Google Scholar
• Van de Ven A. H., Walker G., Liston J. Coordination patterns within an interorganizational network. Human Relations (1979) 32(1):19–36Crossref, Google Scholar
• von Hippel E. Cooperation between rivals: Informal know-how trading. Res. Policy (1987) 16:291–302Crossref, Google Scholar
• von Hippel E.The Sources of Innovation (1988) (Oxford University Press, New York) Google Scholar
• von Hippel E. “Sticky information” and the locus of problem solving: Implications for Innovation. Management Sci. (1994) 40(4):429–439Link, Google Scholar
• von Hippel E., Schrader S. “Managed” informal information trading: The oil scout system in oil exploration firms. Internat. J. Tech. Management (1996) 11(1–2):207–218Google Scholar
• Wenger E., Lesser E., Fontaine M. A., Slusher J. A. Communities of practice: The key to knowledge strategy. Knowledge and Communities (2000) (Butterworth Heinemann, Boston, MA) 3–20Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zaheer A., Mc Evily B., Perrone V. Does trust matter? Exploring the effects of interorganizational and interpersonal trust on performance. Organ. Sci. (1998) 9(2):141–159Link, Google Scholar