Value of Strong Ties to Disconnected Others: Examining Knowledge Creation in Biomedicine
Published Online:22 Oct 2008https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1080.0388
References
- Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2000) 46:425–455Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Organization and Architecture of Innovation: Managing the Flow of Technology (2007) (Elsevier, Burlington, MA) Google Scholar
- A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. Res. Organ. Behavior (1988) 10:123–167Google Scholar
- Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organ. Sci. (1992) 3(3):321–341Link, Google Scholar
- Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Sci. (2003) 49(4):571–582Link, Google Scholar
- Economic welfare and the location of resources for invention. The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity (1962) (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ) 155–173Google Scholar
- Econometrics Analysis of Panel Data (2001) 2nd ed.(John Wiley, Chichester, NY) Google Scholar
- Bringing strong ties back in: Indirect ties, network bridges, and job searches in China. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (2003) 62(3):366–385Crossref, Google Scholar
- Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions (1974) (St. Martin's Press, New York) Google Scholar
- Ucinet 5 for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis (1999) 5.4 ed.(Analytic Technologies, Natick, MA) Google Scholar
- Interpersonal and interaction influences on informal resource exchanges between R&D researches across organizational boundaries. Acad. Management J. (2000) 43(1):50–65Crossref, Google Scholar
- Theories of Learning (1981) (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) Google Scholar
- Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (1992) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Lin N., Cook K., Burt R. Structural holes versus network closure as social capital. Social Capital (2001) (Aldine de Gruyter, New York) 31–56Google Scholar
- Structural holes and good ideas. Amer. J. Sociol. (2004) 110(2):349–399Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Rauch J. Closure and stability: Persistent reputation and enduring relations among bankers and analysts. The Missing Links: Formation and Decay in Economic Networks (2007) (Russell Sage Foundation, New York) Google Scholar
- Regression-based tests for overdispersion in the Poisson model. J. Econometrics (1990) 46(3):347–364Crossref, Google Scholar
- Absorptive capacity, coauthoring behavior, and the organization of research in drug discovery. J. Indust. Econom. (1998) 46(2):157–182Crossref, Google Scholar
- Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1990) 35(1):128–152Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social capital in the creation of human capital. Amer. J. Sociol. (1988) 94:95–120Crossref, Google Scholar
- More than an answer: Information relationships for actionable knowledge. Organ. Sci. (2004) 15(4):446–462Link, Google Scholar
- , Williamson O. E., Winter S. G., Coase R. H. The theory of the firm revisited. The Nature of the Firm: Origins, Evolution, and Development (1991) (Oxford University Press, New York) 159–179Google Scholar
- , Wellman B., Berkowitz S. D. The relational basis of attitudes. Social Structures: A Network Approach (1998) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) 99–121Google Scholar
- Collaborative brokerage, generative creativity, and creative success. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2007) 52:443–475Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Leenders R. T. A. J., Gabbay S. M. The dark side of social capital. Corporate Social Capital and Liability (1999) (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston) 298–321Crossref, Google Scholar
- The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. (1973) 78(6):1360–1380Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Marsden P. V., Lin N. The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Social Structure and Network Analysis (1982) (Sage, Beverly Hills, CA) 105–130Google Scholar
- Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17(Winter):109–122Crossref, Google Scholar
- Econometric Analysis (2000) 4th ed.(Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ) Google Scholar
- , Ketchen D. J., Bergh D. D. Longitudinal analysis in strategic management. Research Methodology in Strategy and Management (2004) 1(Elsevier, New York) Google Scholar
- Synergetics: Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology (1978) 2nd ed.(Springer, Berlin) Google Scholar
- The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1999) 44(1):82–111Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge networks: Explaining effective knowledge sharing in multiunit companies. Organ. Sci. (2002) 13(3):232–248Link, Google Scholar
- , Staw B. M., Kramer R. M. Brokering knowledge: Linking learning and innovation. Research in Organizational Behavior (2002) (Elsevier, Oxford) 41–85Google Scholar
- How Breakthroughs Happen: The Surprising Truth About How Companies Innovate (2003) (Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42(4):716–749Crossref, Google Scholar
- Building an innovation factory. Harvard Bus. Rev. (2000) 78(3):157–166Google Scholar
- Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Acad. Management J. (2002) 45(6):1183–1194Crossref, Google Scholar
- The effects of group longevity on project communication and performance. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1982) 27(1):81–105Crossref, Google Scholar
- What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organ. Sci. (1996) 7(5):502–518Link, Google Scholar
- , Nohria N., Eccles R. G. The strength of strong ties: The importance of Philos in organizations. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (1992) (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) 216–239Google Scholar
- The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) Google Scholar
- Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (1970) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge) Crossref, Google Scholar
- The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer. Management Sci. (2004) 50(11):1477–1490Link, Google Scholar
- Social Capital (2001) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- Human Information Processing (1977) (Academic Press, Orlando, FL) Google Scholar
- Productivity and academic position in the scientific career. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1978) 43(6):889–908Crossref, Google Scholar
- Stimulating ideas through creativity software. Management Sci. (1994) 40(11):1514–1532Link, Google Scholar
- Network data and measurement. Ann. Rev. Sociol. (1990) 16:435–463Crossref, Google Scholar
- Measuring tie strength. Soc. Forces (1984) 63:482–501Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social capital and knowledge creation: Diminishing returns to the number and strength of exchange relationships. Acad. Management J. (2004) 47(5):735–746Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge creation and the location of university research scientists' interpersonal exchange relations: Within and beyond the university. Strategic Organ. (2005) 3(2):131–155Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage. Acad. Management Rev. (1998) 23(2):242–266Crossref, Google Scholar
- Evolution of R&D capabilities: The role of knowledge networks within a firm. Management Sci. (2005) 51(5):771–785Link, Google Scholar
- The structure of scientific collaboration networks. Proc. National Acad. Sci. United States Amer. (2001) 98(2):404–409Crossref, Google Scholar
- Who is the best connected scientist? A study of scientific coauthorship networks. Complex Networks (2004) (Springer, Berlin) Google Scholar
- A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. (1994) 5(1):14–37Link, Google Scholar
- , Nonaka I., Nishiguchi T. Conclusion: Social, technical, and evolutionary dimensions of knowledge creation. Knowledge Emergence (2001) (Oxford University Press)Google Scholar
- The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Knowledge (1995) (Oxford University Press, Inc., New York) Google Scholar
- Social networks, the Tertius Iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2005) 50:100–130Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Tacit Dimension (1966) (Doubleday and Company, Inc., Garden City, NY) Google Scholar
- Embeddedness and immigration: Notes on the social determinants of economic action. Amer. J. Sociol. (1993) 98:1320–1135Crossref, Google Scholar
- Networks within networks: Service link overlap, organizational cliques, and network effectiveness. Acad. Management J. (1998) 41(4):453–463Crossref, Google Scholar
- Network structure and knowledge transfer: The transfer problem revisited. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2003) 48:240–267Crossref, Google Scholar
- Networks, diversity, and productivity: The social capital of corporate R&D teams. Organ. Sci. (2001) 12(4):502–517Link, Google Scholar
- The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle (1934) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
- A social capital theory of career success. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(2):219–237Crossref, Google Scholar
- The contributions of authors to multiauthored biomedical research papers. J. Amer. Medical Assoc. (1994) 271:438–442Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Kuhn R. I. What we know about the creative process. Frontiers in Creative and Innovative Management (1985) (Ballinger, Cambridge, MA) 3–20Google Scholar
- Making knowledge the basis of a dynamic theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17(Winter):45–62Crossref, Google Scholar
- The economics of science. J. Econom. Literature (1996) 34:1199–1235Google Scholar
- Inequality in scientific performance: Adjustment for attribution and journal impact. Soc. Stud. Sci. (1991) 21(2):351–368Crossref, Google Scholar
- Brainstorming groups in context: Effectiveness in a product design firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41(4):685–718Crossref, Google Scholar
- Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management J. (1996) 17(Winter):27–43Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(5):996–1004Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social capital and value creation: The role of intrafirm networks. Acad. Management J. (1998) 41(4):464–476Crossref, Google Scholar
- The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1996) 61(4):674–698Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social structure and competition in interfirm networks: The paradox of embeddedness. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42(1):35–67Crossref, Google Scholar
- Demography and diversity in organizations: A review of 40 years of research. Res. Organ. Behav. (1998) 20:77–140Google Scholar
- Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Acad. Management Rev. (1993) 18(2):293–321Crossref, Google Scholar
- Knowledge and the speed of the transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organ. Sci. (1995) 6(1):76–92Link, Google Scholar
- Transferring collective knowledge: Teaching and learning in the Chinese auto industry. Strategic Organ. (2004) 2(2):133–168Crossref, Google Scholar
- When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(4):682–696Crossref, Google Scholar
- Intellectual human capital and the birth of U.S. biotechnology enterprises. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1998) 88(1):290–306Google Scholar
- , Kramer R. M., Tyler T. R. Collaboration structure and information dilemmas in biotechnology. Trust in Organizations (1995) (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA) 90–113Google Scholar

