Heterogeneity, Brokerage, and Innovative Performance: Endogenous Formation of Collaborative Inventor Networks

References

• Ahuja G. Collaboration networks, structural holes, and innovation: A longitudinal study. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2000) 45(3):425–455Crossref, Google Scholar
• Allen T. J.Managing the Flow of Technology: Technology Transfer and the Dissemination of Technological Information within the R&D Organization (1977) (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge) Google Scholar
• Arellano M., Bond S. Some tests of specification for panel data Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. Rev. Econom. Stud. (1991) 58(2):277–297Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bala V., Goyal S. A noncooperative model of network formation. Econometrica (2000) 68(5):1181–1229Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baron R. M., Kenny D. A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1986) 51:1173–1182Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baum J. A. C., Rowley T. J., Shipilov A. V., Chuang Y. Dancing with strangers: Aspiration performance and the search for underwriting syndicate partners. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2005) 50(4):536–575Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S.Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (1992) (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S. The contingent value of social capital. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42(2):339–365Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S. Decay functions. Soc. Networks (2000) 22:1–28Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S. Structural holes and good ideas. Amer. J. Sociol. (2004) 110(2):349–399Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S., Jannota J. E., Mahoney J. T. Personality correlates of structural holes. Soc. Networks (1998) 20:63–87Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chan S. H., Kensinger J. W., Keown A. J., Martin J. D. Do strategic alliances create value? J. Financial Econom. (1997) 46:199–221Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cockburn I., Griliches Z. Industry effects and appropriability measures in the stock market's valuation of R&D and patents. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1988) 78(2):419–423Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1990) 35(1):128–152Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Nelson R. R., Walsh J. P. Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). (2000) . Working Paper 7552, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MACrossref, Google Scholar
• Coleman J. S. Social capital in the creation of human capital. Amer. J. Sociol. (1988) 94:S95–S120Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cosslett S. R. Maximum likelihood estimator for choice-based samples. Econometrica (1981) 49(5):1289–1316Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez R. M., Castilla E. J., Moore P. Social capital at work: Networks and employment at a phone center. Amer. J. Sociol. (2000) 105(5):1288–1356Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L. Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Sci. (2001) 47(1):117–132Link, Google Scholar
• Fleming L., Mingo S., Chen D. Brokerage vs. cohesion and collaborative creativity: An evolutionary revolution. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2007) 52:443–475Google Scholar
• Gittelman M., Kogut B. Does good science lead to valuable knowledge? Biotechnology firms and the evolutionary logic of citation patterns. Management Sci. (2003) 49(4):366–382Link, Google Scholar
• Gompers P., Kovner A., Lerner J., Scharfstein D. Skill vs. luck in entrepreneurship and venture capital: Evidence from serial entrepreneurs. (2006) . Working Paper 12592, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MAGoogle Scholar
• Gould R. V. The origin of status hierarchies: A formal theory and empirical test. Amer. J. Sociol. (2002) 107(5):1143–1178Crossref, Google Scholar
• Griliches Z. Patent statistics as economic indicators: A survey. J. Econom. Literature (1990) 27:1661–1707Google Scholar
• Gulati R., Gargiulo M. Where do interorganizational networks come from? Amer. J. Sociol. (1999) 104(5):1439–1493Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hall B. H., Jaffe A., Trajtenberg M. The NBER patent citations data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools. (2001) . Working Paper 8498, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MACrossref, Google Scholar
• Hall B. H., Jaffe A., Trajtenberg M. Market value and patent citations. RAND J. Econom. (2005) 36(1):16–38Google Scholar
• Hamilton B., Nickerson J. Correcting for endogeneity in strategic management research. Strategic Organ. (2003) 1:51–78Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hansen M. T. The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1999) 44:82–111Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hargadon A., Sutton R. I. Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42:716–749Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hausman J., Hall B. H., Griliches Z. Econometric models for count data with an application to the patents-R&D relationship. Econometrica (1984) 52(4):909–938Crossref, Google Scholar
• Heckman J. J. Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica (1979) 47:153–161Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jackson M. O., Blundell R., Newey W., Persson T. The economics of social networks. Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Ninth World Congress (2006) 1(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA) 1–56Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jaffe A. B., Trajtenberg M., Henderson R. Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers, as evidenced by patent citations. Quart. J. Econom. (1993) 108(3):577–598Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kogut B., Zander U. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. (1992) 3(3):383–397Link, Google Scholar
• Lanjouw J. O., Schankerman M. Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators. Econom. J. (2004) 114:441–465Google Scholar
• Lee J. Essays on the economics of exchange networks. (2007) . Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
• Lotka A. J. The frequency distribution of scientific productivity. J. Washington Acad. Sci. (1926) 16:317–324Google Scholar
• Manski C. F., Lerman S. R. The estimation of choice probabilities from choice based samples. Econometrica (1977) 45(8):1977–1988Crossref, Google Scholar
• McFadden D., Zarembka P. Conditional logit analysis of qualitative choice behavior. Frontiers in Econometrics (1974) (Free Press, New York) 105–142Google Scholar
• Merton R. K. The Matthew effect in science. Science (1968) 159:56–63Crossref, Google Scholar
• Merton R. K. The Matthew effect in science, II: Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property. Isis (1988) 79:606–623Crossref, Google Scholar
• Murray F., Stern S. Do formal intellectual property rights hinder the free flow of scientific knowledge? An empirical test of the anti-commons hypothesis. J. Econom. Behav. Org. (2007) 63(4):648–687Crossref, Google Scholar
• National Science Foundation Academic Research and Development Expenditures: Fiscal Year 2004. (2006) . Report, Division of Science Resources Statistics, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VAGoogle Scholar
• Nerkar A., Paruchuri S. Evolution of R&D capabilities: The role of knowledge networks within a firm. Management. Sci. (2005) 51(5):771–785Link, Google Scholar
• Obstfeld D. Social networks, the Tertius lungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2005) 50:100–130Google Scholar
• Podolny J. M., Baron J. N. Resources and relationships: Social networks and mobility in the workplace. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1997) 62(5):673–693Crossref, Google Scholar
• Powell W. W., Koput K. W., Smith-Doerr L. Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41(1):116–145Crossref, Google Scholar
• Powell W. W., White D. R., Koput K. W., Owen-Smith J. Network dynamics and field evolution: The growth of interorganizational collaboration in the life sciences. Amer. J. Sociol. (2005) 110(4):1132–1205Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reagans R., McEvily B. Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2003) 48:240–267Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reagans R., Zuckerman E. W. Networks, diversity, and productivity: The social capital of corporate R&D teams. Organ. Sci. (2001) 12(4):502–517Link, Google Scholar
• Rodan S., Galunic C. More than network structure: How knowledge heterogeneity influences managerial performance and innovativeness. Strategic Management J. (2004) 25(6):541–562Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf L., Nerkar A. Beyond local search: Boundary-spanning exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry. Strategic Management J. (2001) 22:287–306Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ryall M. D., Sorenson O. Brokers and competitive advantage. Management Sci. (2007) 53(4):566–583Link, Google Scholar
• Shipilov A. V. Network strategies and performance of Canadian investment banks. Acad. Management J. (2006) 49(3):590–604Crossref, Google Scholar
• Singh J. Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns. Management Sci. (2005) 51(5):756–770Link, Google Scholar
• Soda G., Usai A., Zaheer A. Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance. Acad. Management J. (2004) 47(6):893–906Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sorenson O., Stuart T. Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments. Amer. J. Sociol. (2001) 106(6):1546–1588Crossref, Google Scholar
• Trajtenberg M. A penny for your quotes: Patent citations and the value of innovations. RAND J. Econom. (1990) 21(1):172–187Crossref, Google Scholar
• Trajtenberg M., Shiff G., Melamed R. The names game: Harnessing inventors' patent data for economic research. (2006) . Working Paper 12479, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MACrossref, Google Scholar
• Tushman M. L. Special boundary roles in the innovation process. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1977) 22(4):587–605Crossref, Google Scholar
• United States Patent and Trademark Office Technology Profile Report: Patent Examining Technology Center Groups 1630–1650, Biotechnology. (2002) . Patent Technology Monitoring Division Report, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Alexandria, VAGoogle Scholar
• Uzzi B., Spiro J. Collaboration and creativity: The small world problem. Amer. J. Sociol. (2005) 111(2):447–504Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zaheer A., Bell G. G. Benefiting from network position: Firm capabilities, structural holes, and performance. Strategic Management J. (2005) 26:809–825Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zucker L. G., Darby M. R. Movement of star scientists and engineers and high-tech firm entry. (2006) . Working Paper 12172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MAGoogle Scholar
• Zucker L. G., Darby M. R., Brewer M. B. Intellectual human capital and the birth of U.S. biotechnology enterprise. Amer. Econom. Rev. (1998) 88:290–306Google Scholar
• Zuckerman H. Nobel laureates in science: Patterns of productivity, collaboration, and authorship. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1967) 23(3):391–403Crossref, Google Scholar