PERSPECTIVE—Toward a Behavioral Theory of Strategy

References

• Anderson J. R., Bower G. H. (1980) Human Associative Memory. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ) .Google Scholar
• Aragones E., Gilboa I., Postlewaite A., Schmeidler D. (2002) Rhetoric and analogies. . Working paper, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.Google Scholar
• Argote L. (1999) Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA) .Google Scholar
• Argote L., Greve H. R. (2007) A behavioral theory of the firm—40 years and counting: Introduction and impact. Organ. Sci. 18(3) 337–349.Link, Google Scholar
• Barnett W. P., Carroll G. R. (1995) Modeling internal organizational change. Annual Rev. Sociol. 21 217–236.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barney J. B. (1986) Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management Sci. 32(10) 1231–1241.Link, Google Scholar
• Baron J. N., Hannan M. T., Burton D. M. (2001) Labor pains: Change in organizational models and employee turnover in young, high-tech firms. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(4) 960–1012.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barron D. N. (1998) Pathways to legitimacy among consumer loan providers in New York City, 1914–1934. Organ. Stud. 19(2) 207–233.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Benner M. J. (2010) Securities analysts and incumbent response to radical technological change: Evidence from digital photography and Internet telephony. Organ. Sci. 21(1) 42–62.Link, Google Scholar
• Benner M. J., Ranganathan R. (2012) Offsetting illegitimacy? How pressures from securities analysts influence incumbents in the face of new technologies. Acad. Management J. . Forthcoming.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bower J. L. (1967) Strategy as a problem-solving theory of business planning. . Unpublished manuscript, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
• Bower J. L. (1970) Managing the Resource Allocation Process. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) .Google Scholar
• Brandenburger A. M., Nalebuff B. J. (1995) Right game: Use game theory to shape strategy. Harvard Bus. Rev. 73(July–August) 57–71.Google Scholar
• Brandenburger A. M., Stuart H. W. (1996) Value-based business strategy. J. Econom. Management Strategy 5(1) 5–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brandenburger A. M., Dekel E., Geanakoplos J. (1992) Correlated equilbrium with generalized information structures. Game Econom. Behav. 4(2) 182–201.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burgelman R. A. (1983) A process model of internal corporate venturing in the diversified major firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 28(2) 223–244.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt R. S. (2004) Structural holes and good ideas. Amer. J. Sociol. 110(2) 349–399.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carroll G. R., Bigelow L. S., Seidel M. D. L., Tsa L. B. (1996) The fates of de novo and de alio producers in the American automobile industry 1885–1981. Strategic Management J. 17(S1) 117–138.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cattani G. (2005) Pre-adaptation, firm heterogeneity, and technological performance: A study on the evolution of fiber optics, 1970–1995. Organ. Sci. 16(6) 563–580.Link, Google Scholar
• Cattani G., Ferriani S. (2008) A core/periphery perspective on individual creative performance: Social networks and cinematic achievements in the Hollywood film industry. Organ. Sci. 19(6) 824–844.Link, Google Scholar
• Chandler A. D. (1977) The Visible Hand: The Managerial Revolution in American Business. (Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
• Chew W. B., Bresnahan T. F., Clark K. B. (1990) Measurement, coordination and learning in a multi-plant network. , Kaplan R. S., ed. Measures for Manufacturing Excellence. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) , 129–162.Google Scholar
• Cohen M. D. (2007) Reading Dewey: Reflections on the study of routine. Organ. Stud. 28(5) 773–786.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1) 128–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cohen W. M., Levinthal D. A. (1994) Fortune favors the prepared firm. Management Sci. 40(2) 227–251.Link, Google Scholar
• Cohen M. D., Sproull L. S. (1991) Editor's introduction. Organ. Sci. 2(1) ii–iv.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cyert R. M., March J. G. (1963) A Behavioral Theory of the Firm. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) .Google Scholar
• Debreu G. (1959) Theory of Value. (John Wiley & Sons, New York) .Google Scholar
• Denrell J., Fang C., Winter S. G. (2003) The economics of strategic opportunity. Strategic Management J. 24(10) 977–990.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dosi G., Nelson R. R., Winter S. G. (2000) Introduction. , Dosi G., Nelson R. R., Winter S. G., eds. The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities. (Oxford University Press, New York) , 1–24.Google Scholar
• Eccles R., Nohria N. (1992) Beyond the Hype: Rediscovering the Essence of Management. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) .Google Scholar
• Eccles R., Nohria N. (1998) Strategy as a language game. , Segal-Horn S., ed. The Strategy Reader. (Blackwell, Oxford, UK) , 50–72.Google Scholar
• Edelman G. (1992) Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On the Matter of the Mind. (Basic Books, New York) .Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt K. M., Martin J. A. (2000) Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management J. 21(10–11) 1105–1121.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S., Hambrick D. C., Cannella A. A. (2008) Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives, Top Management Teams, and Boards. (Oxford University Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Fiss P. C., Hirsch P. M. (2005) The discourse of globalization: Framing and sensemaking of an emerging concept. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 70(1) 29–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fiss P. C., Zajac E. J. (2006) The symbolic management of strategic change: Sensegiving via framing and decoupling. Acad. Management J. 49(6) 1173–1193.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gabarro J. J. (1987) The Dynamics of Taking Charge. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) .Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Levinthal D. A. (2000) Looking forward and looking backward: Cognitive and experiential search. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(1) 113–137.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Levinthal D. A. (2004) The strategy field from the perspective of management science: Divergent strands and possible integration. Management Sci. 50(10) 1309–1318.Link, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Rivkin J. W. (2005) How strategists really think: Tapping the power of analogy. Harvard Bus. Rev. 83(April) 54–63.Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Rivkin J. W. (2007) On the origin of strategy: Action and cognition over time. Organ. Sci. 18(3) 420–439.Link, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Warglien M. (2007) Recognizing the new: A multi-agent model of analogy in strategic decision-making. . Working Paper 08-028, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Levinthal D. A., Ocasio W. (2007) Neo-Carnegie: The Carnegie School's past, present, and reconstructing for the future. Organ. Sci. 18(3) 523–536.Link, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G., Levinthal D. A., Rivkin J. W. (2005) Strategy making in novel and complex worlds: The power of analogy. Strategic Management J. 26(8) 691–712.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gentner D. (1983) Structure-mapping: A theoretical framework for analogy. Cognitive Sci. 7(2) 155–170.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ghemawat P. (1991) Commitment: The Dynamic of Strategy. (Free Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Ghemawat P., Levinthal D. A. (2008) Choice structures and business strategy. Management Sci. 54(9) 1638–1651.Link, Google Scholar
• Ghemawat P., Rivkin J. W. (1999) Creating competitive advantage. , Ghemawat P., ed. Strategy and the Business Landscape: Text and Cases. (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ) , 49–74.Google Scholar
• Gibbons R. (2006) What the folk theorem doesn't tell us. Indust. Corporate Change 15(2) 381–386.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gick M. L., Holyoak K. J. (1980) Analogical problem solving. Cognitive Psych. 12(3) 306–355.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gilboa I., Schmeidler D. (2000) Case-based knowledge and induction. IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, Cybernetics, Part A: Systems Humans 30(2) 85–95.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goffman E. (1986) Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience, 2nd ed. (Northeastern University Press, Boston) . . [Orig. pub. 1974, Harper & Row, New York.] Google Scholar
• Greve H. R. (1998) Managerial cognition and the mimetic adoption of market positions: What you see is what you do. Strategic Management J. 19(10) 967–988.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Greve H. R. (2003) Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback. A Behavioral Perspective on Innovation and Change. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK) .Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grossman S. J., Stiglitz J. E. (1980) On the impossibility of informationally efficient markets. Amer. Econom. Rev. 70(3) 393–408.Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Fukutomi G. D. S. (1991) The seasons of a CEO's tenure. Acad. Management Rev. 16(4) 719–742.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick D. C., Mason P. A. (1984) Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Acad. Management Rev. 9(2) 193–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Freeman J. (1977) The population ecology of organizations. Amer. J. Sociol. 82(5) 929–964.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Freeman J. (1984) Structural inertia and organizational change. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 49(2) 149–164.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Pólos L., Carroll G. R. (2003a) Cascading organizational change. Organ. Sci. 14(5) 463–482.Link, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Pólos L., Carroll G. R. (2003b) The fog of change: Opacity and asperity in organizations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(3) 399–432.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Pólos L., Carroll G. R. (2007) Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ) .Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan M. T., Baron J. N., Hsu G., Koçak O. (2006) Organizational identities and the hazard of change. Indust. Corporate Change 15(5) 755–784.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Heilmeier G. H. (1993) Room for whom at the top? Promoting technical literacy in the executive suite. Res.-Tech. Management 36(6) 27–31.Google Scholar
• Helfat C. E. (1994) Evolutionary trajectories in petroleum firm R&D. Management Sci. 40(12) 1720–1747.Link, Google Scholar
• Helfat C. E., Lieberman M. B. (2002) The birth of capabilities: Market entry and the importance of pre-history. Indust. Corporate Change 11(4) 725–760.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Helfat C. E., Peteraf M. (2009) Cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic managerial capabilities. . Working paper, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH.Google Scholar
• Helfat C. E., Finkelstein S., Mitchell W., Peteraf M. A., Singh H., Teece D. J., Winter S. G. (2007) Dynamic Capabilities: Understanding Strategic Change in Organizations. (Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA) .Google Scholar
• Helmich D. L., Brown W. B. (1972) Successor type and organizational change in the corporate enterprise. Admin. Sci. Quart. 17(3) 371–381.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Henderson R. M., Clark K. B. (1990) Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and the failure of established firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1) 9–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Henderson R. M., Orsenigo L., Pisano G. (1999) The pharmaceutical industry and the revolution in molecular biology: Exploring the interactions among scientific, institutional organizational change. , Mowery D. C., Nelson R. R., eds. Sources of Industrial Leadership: Studies of Seven Industries. (Cambridge University Press, New York) , 267–311.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ichniowski C., Shaw K., Prennushi G. (1997) The effects of human resource management practices on productivity: A study of steel finishing lines. Amer. Econom. Rev. 87(3) 291–313.Google Scholar
• Jacobides M. G., Winter S. G. (2005) The co-evolution of capability and transaction costs: Explaining the institutional structure of production. Strategic Management J. 26(5) 395–413.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Johnson-Laird P. N. (1983) Mental Models: Toward a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
• Kaplan S. (2008) Framing contests: Strategy making under uncertainty. Organ. Sci. 19(5) 729–752.Link, Google Scholar
• Karim S., Mitchell W. (2000) Path-dependent and path-breaking change: Reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector, 1978–1995. Strategic Management J. 21(10–11) 1061–1081.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kauffman S. A. (1989) Adaptation on rugged fitness landscapes. , Stein D. L., ed. Lectures in the Sciences of Complexity: Proceedings of the 1988 Complex Systems Summer School. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) , 517–618.Google Scholar
• Khurana R. (2007) From Higher Aims to Hired Hands: The Social Transformation of American Business Schools and the Unfulfilled Promise of Management as a Profession. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ) .Crossref, Google Scholar
• Klepper S. (1996) Entry, exit, growth, and innovation over the product life cycle. Amer. Econom. Rev. 86(3) 562–583.Google Scholar
• Klepper S., Simons K. L. (2000) Dominance by birthright: Entry of prior radio producers and competitive ramifications in the U.S. television receiver industry. Strategic Management J. 21(10–11) 997–1016.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kogut B. (1991) Joint ventures and the option to expand and acquire. Management Sci. 37(1) 19–33.Link, Google Scholar
• Kogut B., Zander U. (1992) Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. 3(3) 383–397.Link, Google Scholar
• Kogut B., Zander U. (1996) What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organ. Sci. 7(5) 502–518.Link, Google Scholar
• Kosslyn S. M., Thompson W. L., Ganis G. (2006) The Case for Mental Imagery. (Oxford University Press, New York) .Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krueger J., Clement R. W. (1994) The truly false consensus effect: An ineradicable and egocentric bias in social perception. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 67(4) 596–610.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Labianca G., Fairbank J. F., Thomas J. B., Gioia D. A., Umphress E. E. (2001) Emulation in academia: Balancing structure and identity. Organ. Sci. 12(3) 312–330.Link, Google Scholar
• Lakoff G. (1987) Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things: What Categories Reveal About the Mind. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) .Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lakoff G., Johnson M. (1980) Metaphors We Live By. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) .Google Scholar
• Lawrence P. R. (2007) Being human: A Darwinian theory of human behavior. . Working paper, Harvard Business School, Boston. http://www.prlawrence.com.Google Scholar
• Levinthal D. A. (1997) Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sci. 43(7) 934–950.Link, Google Scholar
• Levinthal D. A., March J. G. (1993) The myopia of learning. Strategic Management J. 14(S2) 95–112.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levitt B., March J. G. (1988) Organizational learning. Annual Rev. Sociol. 14 319–338.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lippman S. A., Rumelt R. P. (2003) The payments perspective: Micro-foundations of resource analysis. Strategic Management J. 24(10) 903–927.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Makowski L., Ostroy J. M. (1995) Appropriation and efficiency: A revision of the first theorem of welfare economics. Amer. Econom. Rev. 85(4) 808–827.Google Scholar
• March J. G. (1981) Footnotes to organizational change. Admin. Sci. Quart. 26(4) 563–577.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March J. G. (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1) 71–87.Link, Google Scholar
• March J. G. (2006) Rationality, foolishness, and adaptive intelligence. Strategic Management J. 27(3) 201–214.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March J. G., Simon H. A. (1958) Organizations. (John Wiley & Sons, New York) .Google Scholar
• March J. G., Weil T. (2005) On Leadership. (Blackwell Publishing, Malden, MA) .Google Scholar
• Mitchell W. (1989) Whether or when? Probability and timing of incumbent's entry. Admin. Sci. Quart. 34(2) 208–230.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Montgomery C. A. (1994) Corporate diversification. J. Econom. Perspect. 8(3) 163–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mullainathan S., Schwartzstein J., Shleifer A. (2008) Coarse thinking and persuasion. Quart. J. Econom. 123(2) 577–619.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nelson R. R. (2008) Bounded rationality, cognitive maps, and trial and error learning. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 67(1) 78–89.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nelson R. R., Winter S. G. (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
• Nelson R. R., Winter S. G. (2002) Evolutionary theorizing in economics. J. Econom. Perspect. 16(2) 23–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Neustadt R. E., May E. R. (1986) Thinking in Time: The Uses of History for Decision-Makers. (Free Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Oberholzer-Gee F., Yao D. A. (2007) Strategies beyond the market—Course note for instructors. . Harvard Business School Course Overview, Instructor Only Note 707-508, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
• Ocasio W. (1997) Towards an attention-based view of the firm. Strategic Management J. 18(S1) 187–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• O'Reilly C., Tushman M. L. (2004) The ambidextrous organization. Harvard Bus. Rev. 82(April) 74–81.Google Scholar
• O'Reilly C., Tushman M. L. (2008) Ambidexterity as a dynamic capability: Resolving the innovator's dilemma. , Staw B. M., ed. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 28. (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) , 185–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Perkins E. J. (1999) Wall Street to Main Street: Charles Merrill and Middle-Class Investors. (Cambridge University Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Peteraf M., Shanley M. (1997) Getting to know you: A theory of strategic group identity. Strategic Management J. 18(Special issue) 165–186.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Podolny J. M., Stuart T. E. (1995) A role-based ecology of technological change. Amer. J. Sociol. 100(5) 1224–1260.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pollock T. G., Porac J. F., Wade J. B. (2004) Constructing deal networks: Brokers as network “architects” in the U.S. IPO market and other examples. Acad. Management Rev. 29(1) 50–72.Google Scholar
• Porac J. F., Thomas H., Wilson F., Paton D., Kanfer A. (1995) Rivalry and the industry model of Scottish knitwear producers. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(2) 203–227.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Porter M. E. (1980) Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. (Free Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Porter M. E. (1996) What is strategy? Harvard Bus. Rev. 74(November–December) 61–78.Google Scholar
• Raisch S., Birkinshaw J., Probst G., Tushman M. L. (2009) Organizational ambidexterity: Balancing exploitation and exploration for sustained performance. Organ. Sci. 20(4) 685–695.Link, Google Scholar
• Rivkin J. W. (2000) Imitation of complex strategies. Management Sci. 46(6) 824–844.Link, Google Scholar
• Rosa J. A., Porac J. F., Runser-Spanjol J., Saxon M. S. (1999) Sociocognitive dynamics in a product market. J. Marketing 63(Special issue) 64–77.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosch E. (1978) Prototype classification and logical classification: The two systems. , Scholnik E. K., ed. New Trends in Cognitive Representation: Challenges to Piaget's Theory? (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ) , 73–86.Google Scholar
• Rosch E., Simpson C., Miller R. S. (1976) Structural bases of typicality effects. J. Experiment. Psych.: Human Perception Performance 2(4) 491–502.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rumelt R. P. (1995) Inertia and transformation. , Montgomery C. A., ed. Resource-Based and Evolutionary Theories of the Firm: Towards a Synthesis. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA) , 101–132.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schumpeter J. A. (1911) Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. (Verlag von Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig, Germany) . . [Second chapter translated by M. C. Becker, T. Knudsen. 2002. Amer. J. Econom. Sociol. 61(2) 405–437.] Google Scholar
• Schumpeter J. A. (1950) Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, 3rd ed. (Harper Torchbooks, New York) .Google Scholar
• Selznick P. (1957) Leadership in Administration: A Sociological Interpretation. (Harper & Row, New York) .Google Scholar
• Siggelkow N. (2001) Change in the presence of fit: The rise, the fall, and the renaissance of Liz Claiborne. Acad. Management J. 44(4) 838–857.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Silverman B. S., Nickerson J. A., Freeman J. (1997) Profitability, transaction alignment, and organizational mortality in the U.S. trucking industry. Strategic Management J. 18(Summer) 31–52.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Simon H. A. (1947) Administrative Behavior. (Free Press, New York) .Google Scholar
• Simon H. A. (1953) Fundamental Research in Administration. (Carnegie Institute Press, Pittsburgh) .Google Scholar
• Simon H. A. (1991) Bounded rationality and organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1) 125–134.Link, Google Scholar
• Simon H. A. (1996) Models of My Life. (Basic Books, New York) .Google Scholar
• Smith E. E., Kosslyn S. M. (2006) Cognitive Psychology: Mind and Brain. (Prentice-Hall, New York) .Google Scholar
• Smith W. K., Tushman M. L. (2005) Managing strategic contradictions: A top management model for managing innovation streams. Organ. Sci. 16(5) 522–536.Link, Google Scholar
• Stiglitz J. E. (1982) Inefficiency and the stock market equilibrium. Rev. Econom. Stud. 49(2) 241–261.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sull D. N. (2003) Why Good Companies Grow Bad and How Great Managers Remake Them. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) .Google Scholar
• Szulanski G. (2000) Appropriability and the challenge of scope: Banc One routinizes replication. , Dosi G., Nelson R. R., Winter S. G., eds. The Nature and Dynamics of Organizational Capabilities. (Oxford University Press, New York) , 69–98.Google Scholar
• Teece D. J. (1986) Profiting from technological innovation: Implications for integration, collaboration, licensing and public policy. Res. Policy 15(6) 285–305.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Teece D. J. (2007) Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management J. 28(13) 1319–1350.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Teece D. J., Pisano G., Shuen A. (1997) Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management J. 18(7) 509–533.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Thagard P. (1996) Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science. (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
• Tripsas M. (1997) Unraveling the process of creative destruction: Complementary assets and incumbent survival in the typesetter industry. Strategic Management J. 18(Summer special issue) 119–142.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tripsas M. (2009) Technology, identity, and inertia: Through the lens of “The Digital Photography Company.”. Organ. Sci. 20(2) 441–460.Link, Google Scholar
• Tripsas M., Gavetti G. (2000) Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: Evidence from digital imaging. Strategic Management J. 21(10–11) 1147–1161.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tushman M. L., Anderson P. (1986) Technological discontinuities and organizational environments. Admin. Sci. Quart. 31(3) 439–465.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tversky A. (1977) Features of similarity. Psych. Rev. 84(2) 327–352.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Uzzi B., Spiro J. (2005) Collaboration and creativity: The small world problem. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(2) 447–504.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Weick K. E. (1990) Cartographic myths in organizations. , Huff A. S., ed. Mapping Strategic Thought. (John Wiley & Sons, London) , 1–10.Google Scholar
• Wernerfelt B. (1988) Umbrella branding as a signal of new product quality: An example of signaling by posting a bond. RAND J. Econom. 19(3) 458–466.Crossref, Google Scholar
• White H. C. (1992) Identity and Control: A Structural Theory of Social Action. (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ) .Google Scholar
• Winter S. G. (1987) Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. , Teece D. J., ed. The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal. (Ballinger, Cambridge, MA) , 159–184.Google Scholar
• Winter S. G. (2003) Understanding dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management J. 24(10) 991–995.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Winter S. G., Szulanski G. (2001) Replication as strategy. Organ. Sci. 12(6) 730–743.Link, Google Scholar
• Yao D. A. (1988) Beyond the reach of the invisible hand: Impediments to economic activity, market failures, and profitability. Strategic Management J. 9(S1) 59–70.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zajac E. J., Westphal J. D. (2004) The social construction of market value: Institutionalization and learning perspectives on stock market reactions. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 69(3) 433–457.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zaltman G., Zaltman L. H. (2008) Marketing Metaphoria: What Deep Metaphors Reveal About the Minds of Consumers. (Harvard Business School Press, Boston) .Google Scholar
• Zollo M., Winter S. G. (2002) Deliberate learning and the evolution of dynamic capabilities. Organ. Sci. 13(3) 339–351.Link, Google Scholar
• Zollo M., Reuer J. J., Singh H. (2002) Interorganizational routines and performance in strategic alliances. Organ. Sci. 13(6) 701–713.Link, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman E. W. (1999) The categorical imperative: Securities analysts and the illegitimacy discount. Amer. J. Sociol. 104(5) 1398–1438.Crossref, Google Scholar