Status and the True Believer: The Impact of Psychological Contracts on Social Status Attributions of Friendship and Influence

References

• Anderson CA, Ames DR, Gosling SD (2008a) Punishing hubris: The perils of overestimating one’s status in a group. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 34(1):90–101.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Anderson CA, Spataro SE, Flynn FJ (2008b) Personality and organizational culture as determinants of influence. J. Appl. Psych. 93(3):702–710.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Anderson CA, John OP, Keltner D, Kring AM (2001) Who attains social status? Effects of personality and physical attractiveness in social groups. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 81(1):116–132.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Anderson CA, Srivastava S, Beer JS, Spataro SE, Chatman JA (2006) Knowing your place: Self-perceptions of status in face-to-face groups. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 91(6):1094–1110.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bentler PM, Bonett DG (1980) Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psych. Bull. 88(3):588–606.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berger J, Cohen BP, Zelditch M (1972) Status characteristics and social interaction. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 37(3):241–255.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berger J, Webster M, Ridgeway CL, Rosenholtz SJ (1986) Status cues, expectations, and behavior. Lawler EJ, ed. Advances in Group Processes, Vol. 3 (JAI Press, New York), 1–22.Google Scholar
• Bhattacharya CB, Sen S, Korschun D (2008) Using corporate social responsibility to win the war for talent. MIT Sloan Management Rev. 49(2):37–44.Google Scholar
• Bingham JB (2011) Ideology in the psychological contract: An investigation of attitudinal and behavioral outcomes. 71st Annual Meeting Acad. Management, San Antonio, TX.Google Scholar
• Blau PM (1963) The Dynamics of Bureaucracy: A Study of Interpersonal Exchange in Two Government Agencies (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Blau PM (1964) Exchange and Power in Social Life (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
• Bolino MC, Turnley WH, Bloodgood JM (2002) Citizenship behavior and the creation of social capital in organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 27(4):505–522.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Borgatti SP, Foster PC (2003) The network paradigm in organizational research: A review and typology. J. Management 29(6):991–1013.Google Scholar
• Borgatti SP, Everett MG, Freeman L (2002) UCINET 6 for Windows (Analytic Technologies, Natick, MA).Google Scholar
• Bourdieu P (1984) Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Brass DJ (1984) Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Admin. Sci. Quart. 29(4):518–539.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brass DJ (1985) Men’s and women’s networks: A study of interaction patterns and influence in an organization. Acad. Management J. 28(2):327–343.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brass DJ, Galaskiewicz J, Greve HR, Tsai W (2004) Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective. Acad. Management J. 47(6):795–817.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bunderson JS (2003a) Recognizing and utilizing expertise in work groups: A status characteristics perspective. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(4):557–591.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bunderson JS (2003b) Team member functional background and involvement in management teams: Direct effects and the moderating role of power centralization. Acad. Management J. 46(4):458–474.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burkhardt ME, Brass DJ (1990) Changing patterns or patterns of change: The effects of a change in technology on social network. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1):104–127.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Burt RS (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Byrne BM (1998) Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL, PRELIS, and SIMPLIS: Basic Concepts, Applications, and Programming (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ).Google Scholar
• Cameron AC, Trivedi PK (1998) Regression Analysis of Count Data (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cameron AC, Trivedi PK (2009) Microeconometrics Using Stata (Stata Press, College Station, TX).Google Scholar
• Carley KM (1991) A theory of group stability. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 56:331–354.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cheung GW, Rensvold RB (2002) Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct. Equation Model. 9(2):233–255.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Collier J, Esteban R (2007) Corporate social responsibility and employee commitment. Bus. Ethics: Eur. Rev. 16(1):19–33.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Conway N, Briner RB (2005) Understanding Psychological Contracts at Work: A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Research (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dabos GE, Rousseau DM (2004) Mutuality and reciprocity in the psychological contracts of employees and employers. J. Appl. Psych. 89(1):52–72.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dean JW, Brass DJ (1985) Social interaction and the perception of job characteristics in an organization. Human Relations 38(6):571–582.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dutton JE, Roberts LM, Bednar J (2010) Pathways for positive identity construction at work: Four types of positive identity and the building of social resources. Acad. Management Rev. 35(2):265–293.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Emerson RM (1962) Power dependence relations. Amer. J. Sociol. 27(1):31–41.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fiske ST (1993) Social cognition and social perception. Annual Rev. Psych. 44:155–194.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Flynn FJ (2003) How much should I give and how often? The effects of generosity and frequency of favor exchange on social status and productivity. Acad. Management J. 46(5):539–553.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Flynn FJ (2005) Identity orientations and forms of social exchange in organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 30(4):737–750.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Flynn FJ, Reagans RE, Amanatullah ET, Ames DR (2006) Helping one’s way to the top: Self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 91(6):1123–1137.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Friedkin NE (2006) A Structural Theory of Social Influence (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
• Friedkin NE, Johnsen EC (2003) Attitude change, affect control, and expectation states in the formation of influence networks. Thye SR, Skvoretz J, eds. Power and Status, Vol. 20 (Advances in Group Processes, Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK), 1–29.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gerbing DW, Anderson JC (1993) Monte Carlo evaluations of goodness-of-fit indices for structural equation models. Bollen KA, Long JS, eds. Testing Structural Equation Models (Sage, Newbury Park, CA), 40–65.Google Scholar
• Gould RV (2002) The origins of status hierarchies: A formal theory and test. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(5):1143–1178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gouldner AW (1960) The norm of reciprocity. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 25(2):161–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Granovetter MS (1973) The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 78(6):1360–1380.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grant AM (2007) Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Acad. Management Rev. 32(2):393–417.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grant AM, Dutton JE, Rosso BD (2008) Giving commitment: Employee support programs and the prosocial sensemaking process. Acad. Management J. 51(5):898–918.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Greeley AM (1971) The Friendship Game (Image Books, New York).Google Scholar
• Guzzo RA, Noonan KA (1994) Human resource practices as communications and the psychological contract. Human Resource Management 33(3):447–462.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Harrison DA, Price KH, Gaving JH, Florey AT (2002) Time, teams, and task performance: Changing effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on group functioning. Acad. Management J. 45(5):1029–1045.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hilbe JM (2007) Negative Binomial Regression (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hinds PJ, Carley KM, Krackhardt D, Wholey D (2000) Choosing work group members: Balancing similarity, competence, and familiarity. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 81(2):226–251.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ho VT, Levesque LL (2005) With a little help from my friends (and substitutes): Social referents and influence in psychological contract fulfillment. Organ. Sci. 16(3):275–289.Link, Google Scholar
• Ho VT, Rousseau DM, Levesque LL (2006) Social networks and the psychological contract: Structural holes, cohesive ties, and beliefs regarding employer obligations. Human Relations 59(4):459–482.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hogan R, Hogan J (1991) Personality and status. Gilbert DG, Connolly JJ, eds. Personality, Social Skills, and Psychopathology: An Individual Differences Approach (Plenum Press, New York), 137–156.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hogg MA (2001) A social identity theory of leadership. Personality Soc. Psych. Rev. 5(3):184–200.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hogg MA, Hardie EA (1991) Social attraction, personal attraction, and self-categorization: A field study. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 17(2):175–180.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hogg MA, Terry DJ (2000) Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Acad. Management Rev. 25(1):121–140.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ibarra H (1992) Homophily and differential returns: Sex differences in network structure and access in an advertising firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 37(3):422–447.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ibarra H, Andrews SB (1993) Power, social influence, and sense making: Effects of network centrality and proximity on employee perceptions. Admin. Sci. Quart. 38(2):277–303.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Joreskog KG, Sorbom D (2001) LISREL 8: User’s Reference Guide (Scientific Software International, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Klein KJ, Lim BC, Saltz JL, Mayer DM (2004) How do they get there? An examination of the antecedents of centrality in team networks. Acad. Management J. 47(6):952–963.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kossinets G, Watts JW (2009) Origins of homophily in an evolving social network. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(2):405–450.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D (1988) Predicting with networks: Nonparametric multiple regression analysis of dyadic data. Soc. Networks 10(4):359–381.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D (1990) Assessing the political landscape: Structure, cognition, and power in organizations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(2):342–369.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Krackhardt D (1992) The strength of strong ties: The importance of philos in organizations. Nohria N, Eccles R, eds. Networks and Organizations: Structure, Form, and Action (Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge, MA), 216–239.Google Scholar
• Lawler EJ, Yoon J (1993) Power and the emergence of commitment behavior in negotiated exchange. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 58(4):465–481.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lawler EJ, Thye SR, Yoon J (2000) Emotion and group cohesion in productive exchange. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(3):616–657.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Leach CW, Ellemers N, Barreto M (2007) Group virtue: The importance of morality (vs. competence and sociability) in the positive evaluation of in-groups. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 93(2):234–249.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lincoln JR, Miller J (1979) Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relation networks. Admin. Sci. Quart. 24(2):181–199.Crossref, Google Scholar
• MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM (1996) Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psych. Methods 1(2):130–149.Crossref, Google Scholar
• MacNeil IR (1985) Relational contract: What we do and do not know. Wisconsin Law Rev.483–525.Google Scholar
• Magee JC, Galinsky AD (2008) Social hierarchy: The self-reinforcing nature of power and status. Acad. Management Ann. 2(1):351–398.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Marsden PV, Friedkin NE (1993) Network studies of social influence. Sociol. Methods Res. 22(1):125–149.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McPherson ML, Smith-Lovin L, Cook JM (2001) Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Rev. Sociol. 27:415–444.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mehra A, Kilduff M, Brass DJ (1998) At the margins: A distinctiveness approach to the social identity and social networks of underrepresented groups. Acad. Management J. 41(4):441–453.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mehra A, Kilduff M, Brass DJ (2001) The social networks of high and low self-monitors: Implications for workplace performance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 46(1):121–146.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Meyer JP, Herscovitch L (2001) Commitment in the workplace: Toward a general model. Human Resources Management Rev. 11(3):299–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Morrison EW (2002) Newcomers’ relationships: The role of social network ties during socialization. Acad. Management J. 45(6):1149–1160.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Padgett JF, Ansell CK (1993) Robust action and the rise of the Medici: 1400–1434. Amer. J. Sociol. 98(6):1259–1319.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Perrewé PL, Zellars KL, Ferris GR, Rossi AM, Kacmar CJ, Ralston DA (2004) Neutralizing job stressors: Political skill as an antidote to the dysfunctional consequences of role conflict. Acad. Management J. 47(1):141–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pfeffer J (1981) Power in Organizations (Pitman Publishing, Marshfield, MA).Google Scholar
• Pfeffer J (1991) Organization theory and structural perspectives on management. J. Management 17(4):789–803.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rice RE, Aydin C (1991) Attitudes toward new organizational technology: Network proximity as a mechanism for social information processing. Admin. Sci. Quart. 36(2):219–244.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ridgeway CL (1982) Status in groups: The importance of motivations. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 47(1):76–88.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Robinson SL (1996) Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(4):574–599.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Robinson SL, Kraatz MS, Rousseau DM (1994) Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Acad. Management J. 37(1):137–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rousseau DM (1989) Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employee Responsibilities Rights J. 2(2):121–139.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rousseau DM (1995) Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rousseau DM (2000) Psychological contracts in the United States: Diversity, individualism, and associability in the marketplace. Rousseau DM, Schalk R, eds. Psychological Contracts in Employment: Cross-National Perspectives (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA), 250–282.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rousseau DM, Parks JM (1993) The contracts of individuals and organizations. Cummings LL, Staw BM, eds. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 15 (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT), 1–43.Google Scholar
• Rupp DE, Ganapathi J, Aguilera RV, Williams CA (2006) Employee reactions to corporate social responsibility: An organizational justice framework. J. Organ. Behav. 27(4):537–543.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schumacker RE, Lomax RG (1996) A Beginner’s Guide to Structural Equation Modeling (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ).Google Scholar
• Shore LM, Barksdale K (1998) Examining the degree of balance and level of obligation in the employment relationship: A social exchange approach. J. Organ. Behav. 19(S1):731–744.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Snijders T, Steglich AB, Christian EG, Schweinberger M, Huisman M (2007) Manual for SIENA Version 3.1 (University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands/University of Oxford, Oxford, UK).Google Scholar
• Sparrowe RT, Liden RC (2005) Two routes to influence: Integrating leader-member exchange and social network perspectives. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(4):505–535.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Thibaut JW, Kelley HH (1959) The Social Psychology of Groups (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
• Thompson JA, Bunderson JS (2003) Violations of principle: Ideological currency in the psychological contract. Acad. Management Rev. 28(4):571–586.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tsui AS, Egan TD, O’Reilly CA III (1992) Being different: Relational demography and organizational attachment. Admin. Sci. Quart. 37(4):549–579.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Turner JC, Hogg MA, Oakes PJ, Reicher SD, Wetherell MS (1987) Rediscovering the Social Group: A Self-Categorization Theory (Blackwell, Oxford, UK).Google Scholar
• Turnley WH, Bolino MC, Lester SW, Bloodgood JM (2003) The impact of psychological contract fulfillment on the performance of in-role and organizational citizenship behaviors. J. Management 29(2):187–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Van Dijke M, De Cremer D (2008) How leader prototypicality affects followers’ status: The role of procedural fairness. Eur. J. Work Organ. Psych. 17(2):226–250.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Van Dyne L, Graham JW, Dienesch RM (1994) Organizational citizenship behavior: Construct redefinition, measurement, and validation. Acad. Management J. 37(2):765–802.Crossref, Google Scholar
• van Knippenberg D (2000) Work motivation and performance: A social identity perspective. Appl. Psych. Internat. Rev. 49(3):357–371.Crossref, Google Scholar
• van Knippenberg D, Hogg MA (2003) A social identity model of leadership in organizations. Kramer RM, Staw BM, eds. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 25 (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT), 243–295.Google Scholar
• Verbrugge LM (1977) The structure of adult friendship choices. Soc. Forces 56(2):576–597.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Washington M, Zajac EJ (2005) Status evolution and competition: Theory and evidence. Acad. Management J. 48(2):281–296.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wasserman S, Faust K (1994) Social Network Analysis: Methods and Applications (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wegener B (1992) Concepts and measurement of prestige. Annual Rev. Sociol. 18(1):253–280.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Willer R (2009) Groups reward individual sacrifice: The status solution to the collective action problem. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 74(1):23–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Winkelmann R (2007) Seemingly unrelated negative binomial regression. Oxford Bull. Econom. Statist. 62(4):553–560.Crossref, Google Scholar