Preentry Contacts and the Generation of Nascent Networks in Organizations
Published Online:17 Jun 2014https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0921
References
- (2012) The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks. Organ. Sci. 23(2):434–448.Link, Google Scholar
- (1989) Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Management Rev. 14(1):20–39.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Why do temporary help firms provide free general skills training? Quart. J. Econom. 116(4):1409–1448.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Emergence of scaling in random networks. Science 286(5439):509–512.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Recruiting Employees: Individual and Organizational Perspectives (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
- (1999) A tale of two job markets: Organizational size and its effects on hiring practices and job search behavior. Personnel Psych. 52(4):841–867.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Strategic Human Resources: Frameworks for General Managers (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
- (1994) The social psychology of organizations and inequality. Soc. Psych. Quart. 57(3):190–209.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Place of work and place of residence: Informal hiring networks and labor market outcomes. J. Political Econom. 116(6):1150–1196.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1962) Investment in human capital: A theoretical analysis. J. Political Econom. 70(5):9–49.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Friends or strangers? Firm-specific uncertainty, market uncertainty, and network partner selection. Organ. Sci. 15(3):259–275.Link, Google Scholar
- (2011) Paying more to get less the effects of external hiring versus internal mobility. Admin. Sci. Quart. 56(3):369–407.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) The employment relationship and inequality: How and why changes in employment practices are reshaping rewards in organizations. Acad. Management Ann. 7(1):61–121.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) A relational view of information seeking and learning in social networks. Management Sci. 49(4):432–445.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Network analysis in the social sciences. Science 323(5916):892–895.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Problems with instrumental variables estimation when the correlation between the instruments and the endogenous explanatory variable is weak. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 90(430):443–450.Google Scholar
- (2011) The initial assignment effect: Local employer practices and positive career outcomes for work-family program users. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 76(2):291–319.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) The gender of social capital. Rationality Soc. 10(1):5–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Striving for self-verification during organizational entry. Acad. Management J. 55(2):360–380.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1986) Regression Analysis of Count Data (Cambridge University Press, New York).Google Scholar
- (1999) The New Deal at Work: Managing the Market-Driven Workforce (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- (2005) Social networks and employee performance in a call center. Amer. J. Sociol. 110(5):1243–1283.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Matching people and organizations—Selection and socialization in public accounting firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 36(3):459–484.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) From the head to the heart: Locating cognition and affect based trust in managers' professional networks. Acad. Management J. 51(3):436–452.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) A theory of limited differences: Explaining the productivity puzzle in science. Zuckerman H, Cole JR, Bruer JT, eds. The Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community (W.W. Norton & Co., New York), 277–310.Google Scholar
- (1981) Chance and consensus in peer review. Science 214(4523):881–886.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) The Credential Society: An Historical Sociology of Education and Stratification (Academic Press, New York).Google Scholar
- (2013) Ties that last: Tie formation and persistence in research collaborations over time. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(1):69–110.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Top performers are not the most impressive when extreme performance indicates unreliability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109(24):9331–9336.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Network effects and social inequality. Annual Rev. Sociol. 38:93–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Cumulative advantage as a mechanism for inequality: A review of theoretical and empirical developments. Annual Rev. Sociol. 32:271–297.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Unpacking prior experience: How career history affects job performance. Organ. Sci. 20(1):51–68.Link, Google Scholar
- (1985) Generalizability of MBA degree and socioeconomic effects on business school graduates' salaries. J. Appl. Psych. 70(4):769–773.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Network analysis, culture, and the problem of agency. Amer. J. Sociol. 99(6):1411–1454.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1983) Music on Demand: Composers and Careers in the Hollywood Film Industry (Transaction Books, New Brunswick, NJ).Google Scholar
- (1981) The focused organization of social ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 86(5):1015–1035.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Specialization and career dynamics evidence from the Indian administrative service. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(2):233–256.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Networks, race, and hiring. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 71(1):42–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Race, network hiring, and statistical discrimination. McDonald S, eds. Networks, Work and Inequality, Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 24 (Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK), 81–102.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Sifting and sorting: Personal contacts and hiring in a retail bank. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 62(6):883–902.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Social capital at work: Networks and employment at a phone center. Amer. J. Sociol. 105(5):1288–1356.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1950) Social Pressures in Informal Groups: A Study of Human Factors in Housing (Harper & Brothers, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Competition and the curve. Univ. Missouri-Kansas City Law Rev. 65:887–915.Google Scholar
- (1968) People and Plans: Essays on Urban Problems and Solutions (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
- (2000) Change agent: “The core curriculum at business schools is as close to irrelevant as you can imagine”. Fast Company (38):322.Google Scholar
- (2002) The origins of status hierarchies: A formal theory and empirical test. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(5):1143–1178.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1981) Toward a sociological theory of income difference. Berg I, ed. Sociological Perspectives on Labor Markets (Academic Press, New York), 11–47.Google Scholar
- (1995) Getting a Job: A Study of Contacts and Careers (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) [Orig pub. 1974].Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Econometric Analysis (Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2008) The causes and consequences of the initial network positions of new organizations: From whom do entrepreneurs receive investments? Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(4):685–718.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Catalyzing strategies and efficient tie formation: How entrepreneurial firms obtain investment ties. Acad. Management J. 55(1):35–70.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1982) Scientific consensus and academic status attainment patterns. Sociol. Ed. 55(4):183–196.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1993) Uncivil procedure: Ranking law students among their peers. Univ. Mich. J. Law Reform 27:399–437.Google Scholar
- (2006) Examining the value added by graduate management education. GMAC Research Report RR-06-I6, Graduate Management Admission Council, McLean, VA.Google Scholar
- (2000) Friendships among competitors in the Sydney hotel industry. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(2):387–423.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Job matching and the theory of turnover. J. Political Econom. 87(5):972–990.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Best practices or best guesses? Assessing the efficacy of corporate affirmative action and diversity policies. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 71(4):589–617.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Origins of homophily in an evolving social network. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(2):405–450.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1954) Friendship as a social process: A substantive and methodological analysis. Berger M, Abel T, eds. Freedom and Control in Modern Society (Van Nostrand, New York), 18–66.Google Scholar
- (1981) Social resources and occupational status attainment. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 46(4):393–405.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks. Admin. Sci. Quart. 24(2):181–199.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Unanticipated Gains: Origins of Network Inequality in Everyday Life (Oxford University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) A sociological (de)construction of the relationship between status and quality. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(3):755–804.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Egocentric and sociocentric measures of network centrality. Soc. Networks 24(4):407–422.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Recent developments in network analysis. Carrington PJ, Scott J, Wasserman S, eds. Models and Methods in Social Network Analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 8–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Social networks, job changes, and recruitment. Berg IE, Kalleberg AL, eds. Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving structures and processes (Springer, New York), 467–502.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Trust as an organizing principle. Organ. Sci. 14(1):91–103.Link, Google Scholar
- (1968) The Matthew effect in science. Science 159(3810):56–63.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1988) The Matthew effect in science, II: Cumulative advantage and the symbolism of intellectual property. Isis 79(4):606–623.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) The importance of the first relationship: The ongoing influence of initial network on future status. Strategic Management J. 34(6):727–750.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Musings on management: Ten ideas designed to rile everyone who cares about management. Harvard Bus. Rev. 74(4):61–67.Google Scholar
- (2002) Reality programming for MBAs. Strategy Bus. 26(1):28–31.Google Scholar
- (2001) The transfer of human and social capital: Employee development through assigned peer mentoring. Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
- (2006) Estimating the causal effect of social capital: A review of recent research. Annual Rev. Sociol. 32(1):79–102.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Heterogeneity, excess zeros, and the structure of count data models. J. Appl. Econometrics 12(3):337–350.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks. Physical Rev. E 64(2):025102.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1976) Examining and grading in American law schools. Arkansas Law Rev. 30:411–490.Google Scholar
- (2005) Social networks, the tertius lungens and orientation involvement in innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(1):100–130.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012a) Firm/employee matching: An industry study of American lawyers. NBER Working Paper 18620, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012b) The returns to attending a prestigious law school. Working paper, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
- (1977) Effects of an MBA and socioeconomic origins on business school graduates' salaries. J. Appl. Psych. 62(6):698–705.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) The end of business schools? Less success than meets the eye. Acad. Management Learn. Ed. 1(1):78–95.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) How much do employers learn from referrals? Indust. Relations: J. Econom. Soc. 51(2):317–341.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Networks as the pipes and prisms of the market. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(1):33–60.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Status Signals: A Sociological Study of Market Competition (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
- (1997) Resources and relationships: Social networks and mobility in the workplace. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 62(5):673–693.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(1):116–145.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Men and Women at Work (Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
- (2012) How employees' prior affiliations constrain organizational network change: A study of U.S. venture capital and private equity. Admin. Sci. Quart. 57:453–483.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Network progeny? Prefounding social ties and the success of new entrants. Management Sci. 58(7):1292–1304.Link, Google Scholar
- (1981) The economics of superstars. Amer. Econom. Rev. 71(5):845–858.Google Scholar
- (1994) Jumping the gun: Imperfections and institutions related to the timing of market transactions. Amer. Econom. Rev. 84(4):992–1044.Google Scholar
- (2007) Brokers and competitive advantage. Management Sci. 53(4):566–583.Link, Google Scholar
- (1991) Recruitment, job choice, and post-hire consequences. Dunnettee MD, ed. Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA), 399–444.Google Scholar
- (1978) A social information processing approach to job attitudes and task design. Admin. Sci. Quart. 23:224–253.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Organizational culture. Amer. Psychologist 45:109–119.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Friends in high places: The effects of social networks on discrimination in salary negotiations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(1):1–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Homophily and contagion are generically confounded in observational social network studies. Sociol. Methods Res. 40(2):211–239.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Social structure and exchange: Self-confirming dynamics in Hollywood. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(4):560–589.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Friendships and search behavior in labor markets. Management Sci. 60(9):2341–2354.Link, Google Scholar
- (1965) Social structure and organizations. March JG, ed. Handbook of Organizations (Rand McNally, Chicago), 142–193.Google Scholar
- (2012) Brokerage. Annual Rev. Sociol. 38:139–158.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Durable Inequality (University of California Press, Berkeley).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Who moved our cheese? Reclaiming professionalism in business education. Acad. Management Learn. Ed. 2(2):189–205.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Acad. Management J. 44(5):996–1004.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 61(4):674–698.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) A social network's changing statistical properties and the quality of human innovation. J. Phys. A: Math. Theoret. 41(22):224023.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Measuring ego-centered social networks on the Web: Questionnaire design issues. Soc. Networks 30(3):213–222.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Agency in action: Entrepreneurs' networking style and initiation of economic exchange. Organ. Sci. 23(2):492–510.Link, Google Scholar
- (1994) Social Network Analysis (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- Wigdor A, Green BF Jr, eds (1991) Performance Assessment for the Workplace, Vol. 1 (National Academy Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
- (2002) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
- (2006) Stages of the recruitment process and the referrer's performance effect. Organ. Sci. 17(6):710–723.Link, Google Scholar
- (1949) Human Behavior and the Principle of Least Effort (Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA).Google Scholar
- (1988) Accumulation of advantage and disadvantage: The theory and its intellectual biography. Mongardini C, Tobboni S, eds. Robert K. Merton and Contemporary Sociology (Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, NJ), 139–162.Google Scholar
- (2012) Construction, concentration, and (dis)-continuities in social valuations. Annual Rev. Sociol 38:223–245.Crossref, Google Scholar

