Tipping Points: The Gender Segregating and Desegregating Effects of Network Recruitment

References

• Barr T (2009) With friends like these: Endogenous labor market segregation with homogeneous, nonprejudiced agents. Amer. J. Econom. Sociol. 68(3):703–746.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bayard K, Hellerstein J, Neumark D, Troske K (2003) New evidence on sex segregation and sex differences in wages from matched employee-employer data. J. Labor Econom. 21(4):887–922.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Belliveau MA (2005) Blind ambition? The effects of social networks and institutional sex composition on the job search outcomes of elite coeducational and women’s college graduates. Organ. Sci. 16(2):134–150.Link, Google Scholar
• Bielby WT (2000) Minimizing workplace gender and racial bias. Contemporary Soc. 29(1):120–129.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bielby WT, Baron JN (1986) Sex segregation within occupations. Amer. Econom. Rev. 76(2):43–47.Google Scholar
• Blau FD, Brummund P, Liu AYH (2013) Trends in occupational segregation by gender 1970–2009: Adjusting for the impact of changes in the occupational coding system. Demography 50(2):471–492.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Calvó-Armengol A, Ioannides YM (2008) Social networks in labour markets. Durlauf SN, Blume LE, eds. The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd ed. (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, UK). http://www.dictionaryofeconomicswww.com/articlewww?id=wwwpde2008www_S000471.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Calvó-Armengol A, Jackson M (2004) The effects of social networks on employment and inequality. Amer. Econom. Rev. 94(3):426–454.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dabady M, Blank RM, Citro CF, eds. (2004) Measuring Racial Discrimination (National Academies Press, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
• DeVaro J (2005) Employer recruitment strategies and the labor market outcomes of new hires. Econom. Inquiry 43(2):263–282.Crossref, Google Scholar
• England P, Herbert MS, Kilbourne BS, Reid LL, McCreary Megdal L (1994) The gendered valuation of occupations and skills: Earnings in 1980 census occupations. Soc. Forces 73(1):65–100.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Castilla EJ (2001) How much is that network worth? Social capital in employee referral networks. Lin N, Cook K, Burt R, eds. Social Capital: Theory and Research (Aldine de Gruyter, New York), 85–104.Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Fernandez-Mateo I (2006) Networks, race and hiring. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 71(1):42–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Friedrich C (2011) Gender sorting at the application interface. Indust. Relations 50(4):591–609.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Galperin RV (2014) The causal status of social capital in labor markets. Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks (Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK), 445–462.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Sosa L (2005) Gendering the job: Networks and recruitment at a call center. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(3):859–904.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fernandez RM, Su C (2004) Space in the study of labor markets. Annual Rev. Sociol. 30:545–569.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gemkow S, Neugart M (2011) Referral hiring, endogenous social networks, and inequality: An agent-based analysis. J. Evolutionary Econom. 21(4):703–719.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gorman E (2005) Gender stereotypes, same-gender preferences, and organizational variation in the hiring of women: Evidence from law firms. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 70(4):702–728.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Granovetter MS (1973) The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 78(6):1360–1380.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grinstead CM, Snell JL (1997) Introduction to Probability (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI).Google Scholar
• Heckathorn DD (1997) Respondent-driven sampling: A new approach to the study of hidden populations. Soc. Problems 44(2):174–199.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Humphries HC, Baron J (2012) Ecosystem structure and function modeling. Jensen ME, Bourgeron PS, eds. A Guidebook for Integrated Ecological Assessments (Springer, New York), 257–272.Google Scholar
• Ioannides YM, Datcher Loury L (2004) Job Information networks, neighborhood effects, and inequality. J. Econom. Literature, Amer. Econom. Assoc. 42(4):1056–1093.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jackson RM (1989) The reproduction of parenting. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 54(2):215–232.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kanter RM (1977) Men and Women of the Corporation (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
• Keyfitz N, Caswell H (2005) Applied Mathematical Demography (Springer, New York).Google Scholar
• Kmec JA (2005) Setting occupational sex segregation in motion—Demand-side explanations of sex traditional employment. Work Occupations 32(3):322–354.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kmec JA (2008) The process of sex segregation in a gender-typed field: The case of male nurses. Sociol. Perspect. 51(2):259–279.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kmec JA, McDonald S, Trimble LB (2010) Making gender fit and “correcting” gender misfits sex segregated employment and the nonsearch process. Gender Soc. 24(2):213–236.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lin N, Zhang Y, Chen W, Ao D, Song L (2009) Recruiting and deploying social capital in organizations: Theory and evidence. Keister L, ed. Work and Organizations in China After Thirty Years of Transition, Research in the Sociology of Work, Vol. 19 (Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK), 225–251.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Marin A (2012) Don’t mention it: Why people don’t share job information, when they do, and why it matters. Soc. Networks 34(2):181–192.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Marsden PV, Gorman EH (2001) Social networks, job changes, and recruitment. Berg IE, Kalleberg AL, eds. Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes (Kluwer Academic, New York), 467–502.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McPherson M, Smith-Lovin L, Cook JM (2001) Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Rev. Sociol. 27:415–444.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Montgomery JD (1994) Weak ties, employment, and inequality—An equilibrium analysis. Amer. J. Sociol. 99(5):1212–1236.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pastor J (2011) Mathematical Ecology of Populations and Ecosystems (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK).Google Scholar
• Petersen T, Morgan LA (1995) Separate and unequal: Occupation-establishment sex segregation and the gender wage gap. Amer. J. Sociol. 101(2):329–365.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Petersen T, Saporta I, Seidel MDL (2000) Offering a job: Meritocracy and social networks. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(3):763–816.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reskin BF, Padavic I (2002) Women and Men at Work (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
• Reskin BF, Roos PA (1990) Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women’s Inroads into Male Occupations (Temple University Press, Philadelphia).Google Scholar
• Reskin BF, McBrier DB, Kmec JA (1999) The determinants and consequences of workplace sex and race composition Annual Rev. Sociol. 25:335–361.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Roos PA, Reskin BF (1984) Institutional factors contributing to sex segregation in the workplace. Reskin BF, ed. Sex Segregation in the Workplace: Trends, Explanations, Remedies (National Academy Press, Washington, DC), 235–260.Google Scholar
• Rubineau B, Fernandez RM (2013) Missing links: Referrer behavior and job segregation. Management Sci. 59(11):2470–2489.Link, Google Scholar
• Rubineau B, Fernandez RM (2015) How do labor market networks work? Scott RA, Kosslyn SM, eds. Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ),1–15.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Smith SS (2005) “Don’t put my name on it”: Social capital activation and job-finding assistance among the black urban poor. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(1):1–57.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Smith TW, Marsden PV, Hout M (2015) General Social Survey, 2012 Merged Data, Including a Cultural Module [United States]. ICPSR35478-v1 (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI). http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR35478.v1.Google Scholar
• Sterling AD (2014) Friendships and search behavior in labor markets. Management Sci. 60(9):2341–2354.Link, Google Scholar
• Stovel K, Fountain C (2009) The social dynamics of matching processes. Hedstrom P, Bearman P, eds. The Handbook of Analytical Sociology (Oxford University, New York), 365–390.Google Scholar
• Taber ME, Hendricks W (2003) The effect of workplace gender and race demographic composition on hiring through employee referrals. Human Resource Development Quart. 14(3):303–319.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tassier T (2005) A Markov model of referral-based hiring and workplace segregation. J. Math. Sociol. 29(3):233–262.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Trimble LB, Kmec JA (2011) The role of social networks in getting a job. Sociol. Compass 5(2):165–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Waldinger RD, Lichter MI (2003) How the Other Half Works: Immigration and the Social Organization of Labor (University of California, Berkeley).Google Scholar
• Weeden KA, Sørensen JB (2004) Two-dimensional models of sex segregation: Industries and occupations. Charles M, Gusky DB, eds. Occupational Ghettos: The Worldwide Segregation of Women and Men (Stanford University, Stanford, CA), 245–294.Google Scholar