Evaluating Ambiguous Offerings

References

• Anthony C, Nelson AJ, Tripsas M (2016) Who are you?...I really wanna know”: Product meaning and competitive positioning in the nascent synthesizer industry. Strategy Sci. 1(3):163–183.Link, Google Scholar
• Barnett WP, McKendrick D (2004) Why are some organizations more competitive than others? Evidence from a changing global market. Admin. Sci. Quart. 49(4):535–571.Google Scholar
• Barroso A, Giarratana M, Reis S, Sorenson O (2016) Crowding, satiation, and saturation: The days of television series’ lives. Strategic Management J. 37(3):565–585.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barsalou LW (1983) Ad hoc categories. Memory Cognition 11:211–227.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barsalou LW (1985) Ideals, central tendency, and frequency of instantiation as determinants of graded structure in categories. J. Experiment. Psych. Learn. Memory Cognition 11(4):629–654.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barsalou LW (1987) The instability of graded structure in concepts. Neisser U, ed. Ecological and Intellectual Factors in Categorization (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
• Barsalou LW (1991) Deriving categories to achieve goals. Bower GH, ed. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, vol. 27 (Academic Press, San Diego, CA), 1–64.Google Scholar
• Benner M, Tripsas M (2012) The influence of prior industry affiliation on framing in nascent industries: The evolution of digital cameras. Strategic Management J. 33(3):277–302.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berinsky AJ, Margolis MF, Sances MW (2016) Can we turn shirkers into workers? J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 66:20–28.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bingham CB, Kahl SJ (2013) The process of schema emergence: Assimilation, deconstruction, unitization and the plurality of analogies. Acad. Management J. 56(1):14–34.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Birnbaum MH (2004) Methodological and ethical issues in conducting social psychology research via the internet. Sansone C, Morf CC, Panter AT, eds. Handbook of Methods in Social Psychology (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA), 359–382.Google Scholar
• Boulongne R, Cudennec A, Durand R (2019) When do market intermediaries sanction categorical deviation? The role of expertise, identity, and competition. Haack P, Sieweke J, Wessel L, eds. Microfoundations of Institutions, vol. 65A (Emerald, Bingley, UK), 67–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bowers A (2015) Relative comparison and category membership: The case of equity analysts. Organ. Sci. 26(2):571–583.Link, Google Scholar
• Burbano VC (2016) Social responsibility messages and worker wage requirements: Field experimental evidence from online labor marketplaces. Organ. Sci. 27(4):1010–1028.Link, Google Scholar
• Carnabuci G, Operti E, Kovács B (2015) Categorical imperative and structural reproduction: Insights from the global semiconductor industry. Organ. Sci. 26(6):1734–1751.Link, Google Scholar
• Cattani G, Porac J, Thomas H (2017) Categories and competition. Strategic Management J. 38(1):64–92.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chrysikou E (2006) When shoes become hammers: Goal-derived categorization training enhances problem-solving performance. J. Experiment. Psych. Learn. Memory Cognition 32(4):935–942.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Correll SJ, Ridgeway CL, Zuckerman EW, Jank S, Jordan-Bloch S, Nakagawa S (2017) It’s the conventional thought that counts: How third-order inference produces status advantage. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 82(2):297–327.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cusumano MA, Kahl SJ, Suarez FF (2015) Services, industry evolution, and the competitive strategies of product firms. Strategic Management J. 36(4):559–575.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dandurand F, Shultz TR, Onishi KH (2008) Comparing online and laboratory methods in a problem-solving experiment. Behav. Res. Methods 40(2):428–434.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Deephouse DL (1999) To be different, or to be the same? It’s a question (and theory) of strategic balance. Strategic Management J. 20(2):147–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Durand R, Boulongne R (2017) Advancing category research: Theoretical mapping and under-researched areas. Greenwood R, Oliver C, Lawrence T, Meyer RE, ed. The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism (SAGE, London), 647–668.Google Scholar
• Durand R, Paolella L (2013) Category stretching: Reorienting research on categories in strategy, entrepreneurship, and organization theory. J. Management Stud. 50(6):1100–1123.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Durand R, Granqvist N, Tyllström A (2017) From categories to categorization: A social perspective on market categorization Durand R, Grandqvis N, Tyllstrom A. eds. From Categories to Categorization: Studies in Sociology, Organizations and Strategy at the Crossroads, vol. 51 (Emerald, Bingley, UK), 3–30.Google Scholar
• Durand R, Rao H, Monin P (2007) Code and conduct in French cuisine: Impact of code changes on external evaluations. Strategic Management J. 28(5):455–472.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Etzion D, Ferraro F (2010) The role of analogy in the institutionalization of sustainability reporting. Organ. Sci. 21(5):1092–1110.Link, Google Scholar
• Fiske ST, Pavelchak MT (1986) Category-based vs. piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-triggered affect. Sorrentino RM, Higgins ET, eds. Handbook of Motivation and Cognition: Foundations of Social Behavior (Guilford, New York), 167–203.Google Scholar
• Fleischer A (2009) Ambiguity and the equity of rating systems: United States brokerage firms, 1995–2000. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(4), 555–574.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gibbert M, Mazursky D (2007) A recipe for creating new products. Wall Street Journal (October 27), https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB119247882241059630.Google Scholar
• Gibbert M, Mazursky D (2009) How successful would a phone-pillow be: Using dual process theory to predict the success of hybrids involving dissimilar products. J. Consumer Psych. 19(4):652–660.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gibbert M, Hampton JA, Estes Z, Mazursky D (2012) The curious case of the refrigerator- TV: Similarity and hybridization. Cognitive Sci. 36(6):992–1018.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goldberg A, Hannan M, Kovács B (2016) What does it mean to span cultural boundaries?Variety and atypicality in cultural consumption. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 81(2):215–241.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Granqvist N, Grodal S, Woolley JL (2013) Hedging your bets: Explaining executives’ market labeling strategies in nanotechnology. Organ. Sci. 24(2):395–413.Link, Google Scholar
• Gregan-Paxton J, Hoeffler S, Zhao M (2005) When categorization is ambiguous: Factors that facilitate the use of a multiple category inference strategy. J. Consumer Psych. 15(2):127–140.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Grégoire DA, Barr PS, Shepherd DA (2010) Cognitive processes of opportunity recognition: The role of structural alignment. Organ. Sci. 21(2):413–431.Link, Google Scholar
• Grodal S, Gotsopoulos A, Suarez FS (2015) The co-evolution of categories and designs during industry emergence. Acad. Management Rev. 40(3):423–445.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan MT, Pólos L, Carroll GR (2007) Logics of Organization Theory: Audiences, Codes, and Ecologies (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hayes AF (2015) An index and test of linear moderated mediation. Multivariate Behav. Res. 50(1):1–22.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hayes AF (2017) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, 2nd ed. (The Guilford Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Hsu G (2006) Jacks of all trades and masters of none: Audiences’ reactions to spanning genres in feature film production. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(3):420–450.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hsu G, Koçak O, Hannan MT (2009) Multiple category memberships in markets: An integrative theory and two empirical tests. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 74(1):150–169.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jensen M, Kim BK (2014) Great, Madama Butterfly again! How robust market identity shapes opera repertoires. Organ. Sci. 25(1):109–126.Link, Google Scholar
• Johnson KE, Mervis CB (1997) Effects of varying levels of expertise on the basic level of categorization. J. Experiment. Psych. General 126(3):248–277.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kahl SJ (2015) Product conceptual systems: Toward a cognitive processing model. Gavetti G, Ocasio W, eds. Cognition and Strategy, Advances in Strategic Management, vol. 32 (Emerald Group Publishing Limited), 119–146.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kahl SJ, Grodal S (2016) Discursive strategies and radical technological change: Multilevel discourse analysis of the early computer (1947–1958). Strategic Management J. 37(1):149–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kahneman D, Frederick S (2005) A model of heuristic judgment. Holyoak KJ, Morrison RG, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (Cambridge University Press, New York), 267–293.Google Scholar
• Klingebiel R, Joseph J (2016) Entry timing and innovation strategy in feature phones. Strategic Management J. 37(6):1002–1020.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kovács B, Hannan MT (2015) The space of categories and the consequences of category spanning. Sociol. Sci. 2:252–286.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Labroo AA, Kim S (2009) Instrumentality; heuristic: Why metacognitive difficulty is desirable during goal pursuit. Psych. Sci. 20(1):127–134.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Leung MD, Sharkey AJ (2014) Out of sight, out of mind? Evidence of perceptual factors in the multiple-category discount. Organ. Sci. 25(1):171–184.Link, Google Scholar
• Lo YC, Kennedy MT (2015) Approval in nanotechnology patents: Micro and macro factors that affect reactions to category blending. Organ. Sci. 26(1):119–139.Link, Google Scholar
• Lynch EB, Coley JD, Medin DL (2000) Tall is typical: Central tendency, ideal dimensions and graded category structure among tree experts and novices. Memory Cognition 28(1):41–50.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Medin DL, Lynch EB, Coley JD, Atran S (1997) Categorization and reasoning among tree experts: Do all roads lead to Rome? Cognitive Psych. 32(1):49–96.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Montauti M, Wezel F (2016) Charting the territory: Recombination as a source of uncertainty for potential entrants. Organ. Sci. 27(4):954–971.Link, Google Scholar
• Navis C, Glynn MA (2010) How new market categories emerge: Temporal dynamics of legitimacy, identity, and entrepreneurship in satellite radio, 1990–2005. Admin. Sci. Quart. 55(3):439–471.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Negro G, Leung MD (2013) “Actual” and perceptual effects of category spanning. Organ. Sci. 24(3):684–696.Link, Google Scholar
• Negro G, Hannan MT, Rao H (2010) Categorical contrast and niche width: Critical success in winemaking. Indust. Corporate Change 19(5):1394–1425.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Oppenheimer D, Meyvis T, Davidenko N (2009) Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 45(4):867–872.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Paolella L, Durand R (2016) Category spanning, evaluation, and performance: Revised theory and test on the corporate law market. Acad. Management J. 59(1):330–351.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pavelchak MA (1989) Piecemeal and category-based evaluation: An idiographic analysis. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 56(3):354–363.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pontikes EG (2012) Two sides of the same coin: How ambiguous classification affects multiple audience evaluations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 57(1):81–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pontikes EG, Barnett WP (2015) The persistence of lenient market categories. Organ. Sci. 26(5):1415–1431.Link, Google Scholar
• Ratneshwar S, Pechmann C, Shocker AD (1996) Goal-derived categories and the antecedents of across-category consideration. J. Consumer Res. 23(3):240–250.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ratneshwar S, Barsalou LW, Pechmann C, Moore M (2001) Goal-derived categories: The role of personal and situational goals in category representations. J. Consumer Psych. 10(3):147–157.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reips UD (2002) Standards for internet-based experimenting. Experiment. Psych. 49(4):243–256.Google Scholar
• Rosa JA, Porac JF, Runser-Spanjol J, Saxon MS (1999) Sociocognitive dynamics in a product market. J. Marketing 63(Special Issue):64–77.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosch E, Mervis CB (1975) Family resemblances: Studies in internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psych. 7(4):573–605.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Roy DP, Cornwell TB (2004) The effects of consumer knowledge on responses to event sponsorships. Psych. Marketing 21(3):185–207.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sharkey AJ (2014) Categories and organizational status: The role of industry status in the response to organizational deviance. Amer. J. Sociol. 119(5):1380–1433.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Smith ES, Chae H (2017) The effect of organizational atypicality on reference group selection and performance evaluation. Organ. Sci. 28(6):1134–1149.Link, Google Scholar
• Suarez FS, Grodal S, Gotsopoulos A (2015) Perfect timing? Dominant category, dominant design and the window of opportunity for firm entry. Strategic Management J. 36(3):437–448.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tripsas M (2009) Technology, identity, and inertia through the lens of the digital photography company. Organ. Sci. 20(2):441–460.Link, Google Scholar
• Vannete DL (2016) Testing the effects of different types of attention interventions on data quality in web surveys. Experimental evidence from a 14 country study. 71st Annual Conf. Amer. Assoc. Public Opinion Res., Austin, TX.Google Scholar
• Vergne JP, Wry T (2014) Categorizing categorization research: Review, integration, and future directions. J. Management Stud. 51(1):56–94.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wry T, Lounsbury M, Devereaux Jennings P (2014) Hybrid vigor: Securing venture capital by spanning categories in nanotechnology. Acad. Management J. 57(5):1309–1333.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wu LL, Barsalou LW (2009) Perceptual simulation in conceptual combination: Evidence from property generation. Acta Psychologica 132(2):173–189.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhao EY, Fisher G, Lounsbury M, Miller D (2017) Optimal distinctiveness: Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management. Strategic Management J. 38(1):93–113.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhao EY, Masakazu I, Devereaux Jennings P, Lounsbury M (2018) Optimal distinctiveness in the console video game industry: An exemplar-based model of proto-category evolution. Organ. Sci. 29(4):588–611.Link, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW (2017) The categorical imperative revisited: Implications of categorization as theoretical tool. Durand R, Granqvist N, Tyllstrom A, eds. Categories, Categorization and Categorizing: Category Studies in Sociology, Organizations and Strategy at the Crossroads, Research in the Sociology of Organizations, vol. 51 (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK), 31–68.Crossref, Google Scholar