Bad Company: Shifts in Social Activists’ Tactics and Resources After Industry Crises
References
- (2005) A theory of scandal: Victorians, homosexuality, and the fall of Oscar Wilde. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(1):213–248.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) On Scandal: Moral Disturbances in Society, Politics, and Art (Cambridge University Press, New York).Google Scholar
- (1989) Rules for Radicals: A Practical Primer for Realistic Radicals (Vintage Books, New York).Google Scholar
- (2006) Collaborating with activists: How Starbucks works with NGOs. California Management Rev. 47(1):91–116.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) How entrepreneurs leverage institutional intermediaries in emerging economies to acquire public resources. Strategic Management J. 38(7):1373–1390.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Civil society collaboration with business: Bringing empowerment back in. World Development 29(7):1097–1114.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) The Collaboration Challenge: How Nonprofits and Businesses Succeed Through Strategic Alliances (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco).Google Scholar
- (2008) Good fences make good neighbors: A longitudinal analysis of an industry self-regulatory institution. Acad. Management J. 51(6):1150–1170.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) The industrial organization of private politics. Quart. J. Political Sci. 7(2):135–174.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Strategic activism and nonmarket strategy. J. Econom. Management Strategy 16(3):599–634.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Institutional linkages and organizational mortality. Admin. Sci. Quart. 36(2):187–218.Google Scholar
- (2012) Corporations and NGOs: When accountability leads to co-optation. J. Bus. Ethics 106(1):9–21.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Framing processes and social movements: An overview and assessment. Annual Rev. Sociol. 26:611–639.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) The Nixon-in-China effect: Activism, imitation, and the institutionalization of contentious practices. Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(3):460–491.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2020) Identity competition in the wake of crisis: Banks vs. credit unions 2004–2012. Organ. Sci. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
- (1994) A social movement perspective on corporate control. Admin. Sci. Quart. 39(1):141–173.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Not all sparks light a fire: Stakeholder and shareholder reactions to critical events in contested markets. Admin. Sci. Quart. 62(3):561–597.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Managing organizational legitimacy in the California cattle industry: The construction and effectiveness of verbal accounts. Admin. Sci. Quart. 39(1):57–88.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Markets as politics: A political-cultural approach to market institutions. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 61(4):656–673.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Toward a general theory of strategic action fields. Sociol. Theory 29(1):1–26.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) A Theory of Fields (Oxford University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) 2011 businessperson of the year. Accessed January 14, 2020, https://archive.fortune.com/galleries/2011/fortune/1111/gallery.business_person_year.fortune/index.html.Google Scholar
- (1991) Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions. Powell WW , DiMaggio PJ , eds. The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), 232–263.Google Scholar
- (2010) Organizations gone wild: The causes, processes, and consequences of organizational misconduct. Acad. Management Ann. 4(1):53–107.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The winds of change: The progressive movement and the bureaucratization of thrift. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 72(1):117–142.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The weight of obesity in evaluating others: A mere proximity effect. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 29(1):28–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Spinning gold: The financial returns to stakeholder engagement. Strategic Management J. 35(12):1727–1748.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Social movement organizations: A metaphor for strategic actors in institutional fields. Organ. Stud. 24(3):355–381.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Lords of the harvest: Third-party influence in regulatory approval of genetically modified organisms. Acad. Management J. 56(4):923–944.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) Manu Militari: The institutional contingencies of stakeholder relationships on entrepreneurial performance. Organ. Sci. 29(4):633–652.Link, Google Scholar
- (2015) Organizational responses to public and private politics: An analysis of climate change activists and U.S. oil and gas firms. Organ. Sci. 26(6):1769–1786.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) From Pabst to Pepsi: The deinstitutionalization of social practices and the creation of entrepreneurial opportunities. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(4):635–667.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) From Heresy to Dogma: An Institutional History of Corporate Environmentalism (New Lexington Press, San Francisco).Google Scholar
- (2011) The BP oil spill as a cultural anomaly? Institutional context, conflict, and change. J. Management Inquiry 20(2):100–112.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Not all events are attended equally: Toward a middle-range theory of industry attention to external events. Organ. Sci. 12(4):414–434.Link, Google Scholar
- (2008) Against all odds: A consideration of core-stigmatized organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 33(1):252–306.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Identity fields: Framing processes and the social construction of movement identities. Larana E , Johnston H , Gusfield JR , eds. New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity (Temple University Press, Philadelphia), 185–208.Google Scholar
- (2010) Trouble in store: Probes, protests, and store openings by Wal-Mart, 1998–2007. Amer. J. Sociol. 116(1):53–92.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Firm linkages to scandals via directors and professional service firms: Insights from the backdating scandal. J. Bus. Ethics 140(1):65–79.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Recruiting strangers and friends: Moral shocks and social networks in animal rights and anti-nuclear protests. Soc. Problems 42(4):493–512.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Should we stay or should we go? Accountability, status, anxiety, and client defections. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(1):97–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(2):195–228.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) A political mediation model of corporate responses to social movement activism. Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(3):395–421.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) The contentiousness of markets: Politics, social movements, and institutional change in markets. Annual Rev. Sociol. 36(1):249–267.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Understanding attributions of corporate social irresponsibility. Acad. Management Rev. 37(2):300–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Organizational reputation: A review. J. Management 37(1):153–184.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) How we see them versus how they see themselves. Bus. Soc. 49(1):116–139.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Media Scandals: Morality and Desire in the Popular Culture Marketplace (Polity Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
- (2009) Discourse and deinstitutionalization: The decline of DDT. Acad. Management J. 52(1):148–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1983) Tactical innovation and the pace of insurgency. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 48(6):735–754.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Dynamics of Contention (Cambridge University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Out of the parlors and into the streets: The changing tactical repertoire of the U.S. women’s suffrage movements. Soc. Forces 81(3):787–818.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) The US Women's Jury Movements and Strategic Adaptation: A More Just Verdict (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1977) Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. Amer. J. Sociol. 82(6):1212–1241.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Radical repertoires: The incidence and impact of corporate-sponsored social activism. Organ. Sci. 27(1):53–71.Abstract, Google Scholar
- (2013) Keeping up appearances: Reputational threats and impression management after social movement boycotts. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(3):387–419.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Blacklisted businesses: Social activists’ challenges and the disruption of corporate political activity. Admin. Sci. Quart. 61(4):584–620.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) A dynamic process model of contentious politics: Activist targeting and corporate receptivity to social challenges. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 80(3):654–678.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) From Social Movement to Moral Market: How the Circuit Riders Sparked an IT Revolution and Created a Technology Market (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Opposing movement strategies in U.S. abortion politics. Res. Soc. Movements Conflicts Change 28:207–238.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) From service provision to institutional advocacy: The shifting legitimacy of organizational forms. Soc. Forces 72(4):943–969.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) The path dependence of organizational reputation: How social judgment influences assessments of capability and character. Strategic Management J. 33(5):459–477.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1989) The impact of external parties on brand‐name capital: The 1982 Tylenol poisonings and subsequent cases. Econom. Inquiry 27(4):601–618.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) The Structure of Corporate Political Action: Interfirm Relations and their Consequences (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
- (2020) Frenemies: When firms and activists collaborate. Working paper, Rice University, Houston, TX.Google Scholar
- (2019) Ripple effects: How firm-activist collaborations reduce movement contention. Working paper, Rice University, Houston, TX.Google Scholar
- (1992) The antecedents of deinstitutionalization. Organ. Stud. 13(4):563–588.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Children’s stereotypes of overweight children. Developmental Psych. 25(3):409–418.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) When the dust settles: The consequences of scandals for organizational competition. Acad. Management J. 61(1):165–190.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Stained red: A study of stigma by association to blacklisted artists during the “Red Scare” in Hollywood, 1945 to 1960. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 75(3):456–478.Crossref, Google Scholar
- PR Newswire (2006) National Wildlife Federation rewards commuters who eliminate 40 tons of greenhouse-gas emissions; Leading environmental organization joins the Chevron 5,000,000 mile rideshare challenge. August 2.Google Scholar
- (2006) Shaping the shareholder activism agenda: Institutional investors and global social issues. Strategic Organ. 4(2):165–190.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) The infection of bad company: Stigma by association. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 102(2):224–241.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Market Rebels: How Activists Make or Break Radical Innovations (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2000) Power plays: How social movements and collective action create new organizational forms. Res. Organ. Behav. 22:237–281.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Responding to public and private politics. Corporate disclosure of climate change strategies. Strategic Management J. 30(11):1157–1178.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Gulf spill is the largest of its kind, scientists say. The New York Times (August 2), https://www.nytimes.com/2010/08/03/us/03spill.html.Google Scholar
- (2003) How corporations and environmental groups collaborate: Assessing cross-sector collaborations and alliances. Acad. Management Executive 17(1):61–76.Google Scholar
- (2009) Targeting capital: A cultural economy approach to understanding the efficacy of two anti-genetic engineering movements. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(1):155–202.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Alliance-based competitive dynamics. Acad. Management J. 45(4):791–806.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1985) Bringing the state back in: Strategies for analysis in current research. Evans P , Rueschemeyer D , Skocpol T , eds. Bringing the State Back (Cambridge University Press, New York), 3–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1993) Nonprofits for Hire: The Welfare State in the Age of Contracting (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Master frames and cycles of protest. Morris AD , McClurg Mueller C , eds. Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT), 133–155.Google Scholar
- (2009) Contention and Corporate Social Responsibility (Cambridge University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Oil spill threatens to stain alliances: Environmental nonprofits face potential backlash as supporters learn of ties to BP. The Washington Post (May 24), A01.Google Scholar
- (2005) Politics in the supermarket: Political consumerism as a form of political participation. Internat. Political Sci. Rev. 26(3):245–269.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Acad. Management Rev. 20(3):571–610.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Organizations non gratae? The impact of unethical corporate acts on interorganizational networks. Organ. Sci. 18(1):55–70.Link, Google Scholar
- (1998) Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Punctuated generosity: How mega-events and natural disasters affect corporate philanthropy in U.S. communities. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(1):111–148.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1986) The Inner Circle: Large Corporations and the Rise of Business Political Activity in the U.S. and U.K. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK)Google Scholar
- (2012) Social movements, risk perceptions, and economic outcomes: The effect of primary and secondary stakeholder activism on firms’ perceived environmental risk and financial performance. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 77(4):573–596.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Stigmatized categories and public disapproval of organizations: A mixed-methods study of the global arms industry, 1996–2007. Acad. Management J. 55(5):1027–1052.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Normative and resource flow consequences of local regulations in the American brewing industry, 1845–1918. Admin. Sci. Quart. 43(4):905–935.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Grassroots for Hire: The Reshaping of Participation and Policy (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Confronting the state, the corporation, and the academy: The influence of institutional targets on social movement repertoires. Amer. J. Sociol. 114(1):35–76.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Can BP ever rebuild its reputation? Time (July 19), http://content.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,2004701,00.html.Google Scholar
- (2016) Tactical innovation in social movements: The effects of peripheral and multi-issue protest. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 81(3):517–548.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) From streets to suites: How the anti-biotech movement affected German pharmaceutical firms. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 74(1):106–127.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data (MIT Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- World Economic Forum (2016) Trust challenge facing the global oil & gas industry. Global Agenda Council on the Future of Oil & Gas. Accessed December 10, 2020, https://www.weforum.org/whitepapers/trust-challenge-facing-the-global-oil-gas-industry.Google Scholar
- (2009) NGOs and Corporations: Conflict and Collaboration (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Information spillovers from protests against corporations: A tale of Walmart and Target. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(4):669–701.Crossref, Google Scholar

