Playing to the Audiences: How Creative Producers Manage and Reconcile Different and Copresent Valuation Standards

References

• Alexander JC (2011) Performance and Power (Polity, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
• Anteby M (2013) Relaxing the taboo on telling our own stories: Upholding professional distance and personal involvement. Organ. Sci. 24(4):1277–1290.Link, Google Scholar
• Anteby M, Holm AL (2021) Translating expertise across work contexts: U.S. puppeteers move from stage to screen. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 86(2):310–340.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Anteby M, Chan CK, DiBenigno J (2016) Three lenses on occupations and professions in organizations: Becoming, doing, and relating. Acad. Management Ann. 10(1):183–244.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ashford SJ, Caza BB, Reid EM (2018) From surviving to thriving in the gig economy: A research agenda for individuals in the new world of work. Res. Organ. Behav. 38:23–41.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Askin N, Bothner MS (2016) Status-aspiration pricing: The “Chivas Regal” strategy in U.S. higher education, 2006-2012. Admin. Sci. Quart. 61(2):217–253.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Askin N, Mauskapf M (2017) What makes popular culture popular? Product features and optimal differentiation in music. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 82(5):910–944.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Barley SR, Kunda G (2004) Gurus, Hired Guns, and Warm Bodies: Itinerant Experts in a Knowledge Economy (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
• Barley SR, Bechky BA, Milliken FJ (2017) The changing nature of work: Careers, identities, and work lives in the 21st century. Acad. Management Discoveries 3(2):111–115.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bechky BA (2021) Blood, Powder, and Residue: How Crime Labs Translate Evidence into Proof (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
• Bechky BA, Okhuysen GA (2011) Expecting the unexpected? How SWAT officers and film crews handle surprises. Acad. Management J. 54(2):239–261.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Becker HS (1951) The professional dance musician and his audience. Amer. J. Sociol. 57(2):136–144.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Becker HS (1982) Art Worlds (University of California Press, Berkeley).Google Scholar
• Bourdieu P (1993) The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature (Columbia University Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Carroll GR, Swaminathan A (2000) Why the microbrewery movement? Organizational dynamics of resource partitioning in the U.S. brewing industry. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(3):715–762.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cattani G, Ferriani S, Allison PD (2014) Insiders, outsiders, and the struggle for consecration in cultural fields: A core-periphery perspective. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 79(2):258–281.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Caves RE (2000) Creative Industries: Contracts Between Art and Commerce (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Chan CK, Hedden LK (2023) The role of discernment and modulation in enacting occupational values: How career advising professional navigate tensions with clients. Acad. Management J. 66(1):276–305.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Charmaz KC (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide Through Qualitative Analysis (SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
• Childress C (2017) Under the Cover: The Creation, Production, and Reception of a Novel (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
• Christin A (2018) Counting clicks: Quantification and variation in web journalism in the United States and France. Amer. J. Sociol. 123(5):1382–1415.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Davis GF (2016) The Vanishing American Corporation: Navigating the Hazards of a New Economy (Berrett-Koehler, Oakland, CA).Google Scholar
• Demetry DA (2019) All about illusions: The organizational creation of authenticity in underground restaurants. Organ. Sci. 30(5):937–960.Link, Google Scholar
• Demetry DA (2024) Embrace the unexpected: How organizations foster participatory improvisation with customers. Organ. Sci. 36(4):1288–1313.Link, Google Scholar
• DiMaggio P (1977) Market structures, the creative process, and popular culture. J. Popular Culture 11(2):436–452.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt KM, Tabrizi MB (1995) Accelerating adapted processes: Product innovation in the global computer industry. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(1):84–110.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Elsbach KD (2009) Identity affirmation through ‘signature style’: A study of toy car designers. Human Relations 62(7):1041–1072.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Elsbach KD, Kramer RM (2003) Assessing creativity in Hollywood pitch meeting: Evidence for dual-process model of creativity judgments. Acad. Management J. 46(3):283–301.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Emerson RM, Fretz RI, Shaw LL (1995) Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Erigha M (2019) The Hollywood Jim Crow: The Racial Politics of the Movie Industry (NYU Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Ertug G, Yogev T, Lee Y, Hedstron P (2016) The art of representation: How reputation affects success with different audiences in the contemporary art field. Acad. Management J. 59(1):113–134.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Espeland WN, Sauder M (2007) Rankings and reactivity: How public measures recreate social worlds. Amer. J. Sociol. 113(1):1–40.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Faulkner RR (1983) Music on Demand: Composers and Careers in the Hollywood Film Industry (Transaction, New York).Google Scholar
• Faulkner RR, Becker HS (2009) “Do You Know…?” The Jazz Repertoire in Action (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fine GA (1996) Kitchens: The Culture of Restaurant Work (University of California Press, Berkeley).Google Scholar
• Fine GA (2006) Everyday Genius: Self-Taught Art and the Culture of Authenticity (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Fini R, Jourdan J, Perkmann M (2018) Social valuation across multiple audiences: The interplay of ability and identity judgments. Acad. Management J. 61(6):2230–2264.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fisher C, Amabile T (2009) Creativity, improvisation and organizations. Rickards T, Runco MA, Moger S, eds. The Routledge Companion to Creativity (Routledge, Abingdon, UK), 13–24.Google Scholar
• Frake J (2017) Selling out: The inauthenticity discount in the craft beer industry. Management Sci. 63(11):3930–3943.Link, Google Scholar
• Gerber A (2017) The Work of Art: Value in Creative Careers (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA).Google Scholar
• Giorgi S, Weber K (2015) Marks of distinction: Framing and audience appreciation in the context of investment advice. Admin. Sci. Quart. 60(2):333–367.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goffman E (1959) The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life (Anchor Books, New York).Google Scholar
• Goffman E (1967) Interaction Order: Essays on Face-to-Face Behavior (Aldine, Chicago).Google Scholar
• Grodal S, Anteby M, Holm AL (2021) Achieving rigor in qualitative analysis: The role of active categorization in theory building. Acad. Management Rev. 46(3):591–612.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gualtieri G (2022) Discriminating palates: Evaluation and ethnoracial inequality in American fine dining. Soc. Problems 69(4):903–927.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hadida AL, Tarvainen W, Rose J (2015) Organizational improvisation: A consolidating review and framework. Internat. J. Management Rev. 17(4):437–459.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hampel C, Tracey P, Weber K (2020) The art of the pivot: How new ventures manage identification relationships with stakeholders as they change direction. Acad. Management J. 63(2):1804–1848.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hannan MT, Pólos L, Carroll G (2012) Logics of Organization Theory: Audience, Codes, and Ecologies (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hirsch PM (1972) Processing fads and fashions: An organization-set analysis of cultural industry systems. Amer. J. Sociol. 77(4):639–759.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hsu G (2006) Jacks of all trades and masters of none: Audiences’ reactions to spanning genre in feature film production. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(3):420–450.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hsu G, Roberts PW, Swaminathan A (2012) Evaluative schemas and mediating role of critics. Organ. Sci. 23(1):83–97.Link, Google Scholar
• Jeffries MP (2017) Behind the Laughs: Community and Inequality in Comedy (Stanford University Press, Palo Alto, CA).Google Scholar
• Jensen M, Kim H, Kim B-Y (2012) Meeting expectations: A role-theoretic perspective on reputation. Barnett ML, Pollock TG, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Reputation (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK), 140–159.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Jones C (1996) Careers in project networks: The case of the film industry. Arthur MB, Rousseau DM, eds. The Boundaryless Career: A New Employment Principle for a New Organizational Era (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK), 58–75.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Karpik L (2010) Valuing the Unique: The Economics of Singularities (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim H, Jensen M (2011) How product order affects market identity: Repertoire ordering in the U.S. opera market. Admin. Sci. Quart. 56(2):238–256.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kim H, Jensen M (2014) Audience heterogeneity and the effectiveness of market signals: How to overcome liabilities of foreignness in film exports? Acad. Management J. 57(5):1360–1384.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kroeger J (2023) Commentary: How do comics make a living? Los Angeles Times Online (June 7), https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2023-06-07/how-do-comics-make-a-living-writers-strike.Google Scholar
• Lamont M (2009) How Professors Think: Inside the Curious World of Academic Judgment (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lamont M (2012) Toward a comparative sociology of valuation and evaluation. Annual Rev. Sociol. 38:210–221.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lee YG, Gargiulo M (2022) Escaping the survival trap: Network transition among early-career freelance songwriters. Admin. Sci. Quart. 67(2):339–377.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lena JC (2012) Banding Together: How Communities Create Genres in Popular Music (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lena JC, Lindemann D (2014) Who is an artist? New data for an old question. Poetics 43:70–85.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lopes P (1992) Innovation and diversity in the popular music industry, 1969-1990. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 57(1):56–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lounsbury M, Glynn MA (2001) Cultural entrepreneurship: Stories, legitimacy, and the acquisition of resources. Strategic Management J. 22(6/7):545–564.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McDonald R, Gao C (2019) Pivoting isn’t enough? Managing strategic reorientation in new ventures. Organ. Sci. 30(6):1289–1318.Link, Google Scholar
• Mannucci PV, Orazi DC, de Valck K (2020) Developing improvisation skills: The influence of individual orientations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 66(3):612–658.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.Link, Google Scholar
• McCarthy S (2021) JFL New Faces booker Jeff Singer submits resignation. The Comic’s Comic (June 6). Accessed March 5, 2024, https://thecomicscomic.com/2021/06/06/jfl-new-faces-booker-jeff-singer-submits-resignation/.Google Scholar
• Mears A (2011) Pricing Beauty: The Making of a Fashion Model (University of California Press, Berkeley).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mears A (2012) Ethnography as precarious work. Sociol. Quart. 54(1):20–34.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nathan M, Rosso A (2022) Innovative events: Product launches, innovation and firm performance. Res. Policy 51(1):104373.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Navis C, Glynn MA (2010) How new market categories emerge. Temporal dynamics of legitimacy, identity, and entrepreneurship in satellite radio, 1990-2005. Admin. Sci. Quart. 55(3):439–471.Crossref, Google Scholar
• O’Mahony S, Bechky BA (2006) Stretchwork: Managing the career progression paradox in external labor markets. Acad. Management J. 49(5):918–941.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Patterson K, Reilly P, Kashkooli K (2024) Must see TV or must keep TV: The nuances of creative performance and team composition in television. Acad. Management Discoveries 11(3):423–447.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Patton M (1990) Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods (SAGE, Beverley Hills, CA).Google Scholar
• Perry-Smith JE, Mannucci PV (2017) From creativity to innovation: The social network drivers of the four phases of the idea journey. Acad. Management Rev. 42(1):53–79.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Phillips DJ, Kim Y-K (2009) Why pseudonyms? Deception as identity preservation among jazz record companies, 1920-1929. Organ. Sci. 20(3):481–499.Link, Google Scholar
• Phillips DJ, Zuckerman EW (2001) Middle-status conformity: Theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(2):379–429.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pontikes EG (2012) Two sides of the same coin: How ambiguous classification affects multiple audiences’ evaluation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 57(1):81–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ranganathan A (2018) The artisan and his audience: Identification with work and price setting in a handicraft cluster in southern India. Admin. Sci. Quart. 63(3):637–667.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rao H, Monin P, Durand R (2003) Institutional change in Toque Ville: Nouvelle cuisine as an identity movement in French gastronomy. Amer. J. Sociol. 108(4):795–843.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reid EM, Ramarajan L (2022) Seeking purity, avoiding pollution: Strategies for moral career building. Organ. Sci. 33(5):1909–1937.Link, Google Scholar
• Reilly P (2017) The layers of a clown: Career development in cultural production industries. Acad. Management Discoveries 3(2):145–164.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reilly P (2018) No laughter among thieves: Authenticity and the enforcement of community norms in stand-up comedy. Amer. Soc. Rev. 83(5):933–958.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rossman G (2012) Climbing the Charts: What Radio Airplay Tells Us About the Diffusion of Innovation (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rossman G, Schilke O (2014) Close, but no cigar: The bimodal rewards to prize-seeking. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 79(1):86–108.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Roussel V (2017) Representing Talent: Hollywood Agents and the Making of Movies (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Seim J (2024) Participant observation, observant participation, and hybrid ethnography. Sociol. Methods Res. 53(1):121–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Seong S, Godart F (2018) Influencing the influencers: Diversification, semantic strategies, and creativity evaluations. Acad. Management J. 61(3):966–993.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sharkey AJ, Kovács B (2018) The many gifts of status: How attending to audience reactions drives the use of status. Management Sci. 64(11):5422–5443.Link, Google Scholar
• Shymko Y, Roulet T (2017) When does Medici hurt Da Vinci? Mitigating the signaling effect of extraneous stakeholder relationships in the field of cultural production. Acad. Management J. 60(4):1307–1338.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Strauss A, Corbin J (1998) Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory, 2nd ed. (SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
• Thomas JM (2015) Working to Laugh: Assembling Difference in American Stand-Up Comedy Venues (Lexington Books, New York).Google Scholar
• Tripsas M, Gavetti G (2000) Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: Evidence from digital imaging. Strategic Management J. 21(10–11):1147–1161.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Turco CJ (2024) Harvard Square: A Love Story (Columbia University Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Weick KE (1993) The collapse of sensemaking in organizations: The Mann Gulch disaster. Admin. Sci. Quart. 38(4):628–652.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wohl H (2021) Bound by Creativity: How Contemporary Art is Created and Judged (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW (1999) The categorical imperative: Securities analysts and the illegitimacy discount. Amer. J. Sociol. 104(5):1398–1438.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW (2000) Focusing the corporate product: Securities analysts and de-diversification. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(3):591–619.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW (2012) Construction, concentration, and (dis)continuities in social valuations. Annual Rev. Sociol. 38:223–245.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW (2017) The categorical imperative revisited: Implications of categorization as a theoretical tool. Durand R, Granqvist N, Tyllstrom A, eds. From Categories to Categorizations: Studies in Sociology, Organizations, and Strategy at the Crossroads (Emerald, Bingley, UK), 31–68.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW, Kim T-Y (2003) The critical trade-off: Identity assignment and box-office success in the feature film industry. Indust. Corporate Change 12(1):27–67.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW, Rao H (2004) Shrewd, crude, or simply deluded? Comovement and the internet stock phenomenon. Indust. Corporate Change 13(1):171–213.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zuckerman EW, Kim T-Y, Ukanwa K, von Rittmann J (2003) Robust identities or non-entities? Typecasting in the feature film market. Amer. J. Sociol. 108(5):1018–1075.Crossref, Google Scholar