Go (Con)figure: Subgroups, Imbalance, and Isolates in Geographically Dispersed Teams

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0434

References

  • Allen T. J.Managing the Flow of Technology (1977) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) Google Scholar
  • Armstrong D. J., Cole P., Hinds P., Kiesler S. Managing distances and differences in geographically distributed work groups. Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 167–212CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aron A., Aron E. N., Smollan D. Inclusion of other in the self scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1992) 63(4):596–612CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Arrow H., McGrath J. E., Berdahl J. L.Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation (2001) (Sage Press, Thousand Oaks, CA) Google Scholar
  • Ashforth B. E., Johnson S. A., Hogg M. A., Terry D. J. Which hat to wear? The relative salience of multiple identities in organizational contexts. Social Identity Processes in Organizational Contexts (2001) (Psychology Press, Philadelphia) 31–48Google Scholar
  • Ashforth B. E., Mael F. Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Management Rev. (1989) 14(1):20–39CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Axtell C. M., Fleck S. J., Turner N. Virtual teams: Collaborating across distance. Internat. Rev. Indust. Organ. Psych. (2004) 19:205–248Google Scholar
  • Baba M. L., Gluesing J., Ratner H., Wagner K. H. The contexts of knowing: Natural history of a globally distributed team. J. Organ. Behav. (2004) 25(5):547–587CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bhappu A. D., Zellmer-Bruhn M., Anand V., Beyerlein M., Johnson D., Beyerlein S. The effects of demographic diversity and virtual work environments on knowledge processing in teams. Advances in the Interdisciplinary Study of Work Teams (2001) 149–165CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Boh W. F., Ren Y., Kiesler S., Bussjaeger R. Expertise and collaboration in the geographically dispersed organizations. Organ. Sci. (2007) 18(4):595–612LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Bos N., Shami N. S., Olson J. S., Cheshin A., Nan N. In-group/out-group effects in distributed teams: An experimental simulation. Proc. 2004 ACM Conf. Comput. Supported Cooperative Work (2004) (ACM Press, Chicago) 429–436CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Brandon D. P., Hollingshead A. B. Transactive memory systems in organizations: Matching tasks, expertise, and people. Organ. Sci. (2004) 15(6):633–644LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Brewer M. B. The social self: On being the same and different at the same time. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1991) 17(5):475–482CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Brewer M. B., Jackson S. E., Ruderman M. N. Managing diversity: The role of social identities. Diversity in Work Teams: Research Paradigms for a Changing Workplace (1995) (American Psychological Association, Washington, DC) 47–68CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Brewer M. B., Smelser N. J., Baltes P. B. Social psychology of intergroup relations. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001) (Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK) 7728–7733CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Brewer M. B., Brown R., Gilbert D., Fiske S. T., Lindzey G. Intergroup relations. The Handbook of Social Psychology (1998) (McGraw Hill, Boston) 554–594Google Scholar
  • Brewer M. B., Harasty A. S., Higgins E. T., Sorrentino R. M. Seeing groups as entities: The role of perceiver motivation. The Interpersonal Context (1996) (Guilford, New York) 347–370Google Scholar
  • Brewer M. B., Kramer R. M. Choice behavior in social dilemmas: Effects of social identity, group size, and decision framing. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1986) 50:543–549CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Brown R., Wade G. Superordinate goals and intergroup behaviour: The effect of role ambiguity and status on intergroup attitudes and task performance. Eur. J. Soc. Psych. (1987) 17(2):131–142CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Campbell D. T. Common fate, similarity and other indices of the status of aggregates of persons as social entities. Behavioral Sci. (1958) 3(1):14–25CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Clark H. H., Brennan S. E., Resnick L. B., Levine J. M., Teasley S. D. Grounding in communication. Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition (1991) 1st ed.(American Psychological Association, Washington, DC) 127–149CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cohen L. L., Swim J. K. The differential impact of gender ratios on women and men: Tokenism, self-confidence, and expectations. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1995) 21(9):876–884CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cooper C. D., Kurland N. B. Telecommuting, professional isolation, and employee development in public and private organizations. J. Organ. Behav. (2002) 23(4):511–532CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coser L. A.The Functions of Social Conflict (1956) (Free Press, New York) Google Scholar
  • Cota A. A., Dion K. L. Salience of gender and sex composition of ad hoc groups: An experimental test of distinctiveness theory. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1986) 50:770–776CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cramton C. D. The mutual knowledge problem and its consequences for dispersed collaboration. Organ. Sci. (2001) 12:346–371LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Cramton C. D. Finding common ground in dispersed collaboration. Organ. Dynam. (2002) 30(4):356–368CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cramton C. D., Hinds P. J., Staw B. M., Kramer R. M. Subgroup dynamics in internationally distributed teams: Ethnocentrism or cross-national learning? Research in Organizational Behavior (2005) (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 231–263Google Scholar
  • Cummings J. N. Work groups, structural diversity, and knowledge sharing in a global organization. Management Sci. (2004) 50(3):352–364LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Cummings J. N. Team configuration data provided via personal communication with the authors. (2005) January 4Google Scholar
  • DeSanctis G., Monge P. Introduction to the special issue: Communication processes for virtual organizations. Organ. Sci. (1999) 10(6):693–703LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Ellemers N., van den Heuvel H., de Gilder D., Maass A., Bonvini A. The underrepresentation of women in science: Differential commitment or the queen bee syndrome? British J. Soc. Psych. (2004) 43:315–338CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Espinosa J. A., Carmel E. The impact of time separation on coordination in global software teams: A conceptual foundation. Software Process: Improvement and Practice (2003) 8(4):249–266CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Espinosa J. A., Pickering C. The effect of time separation on coordination processes and outcomes: A case study. Proc. 39th Annual Hawaii Internat. Conf. System Sci. (HICSS'06) (2006) 25–35CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Espinosa J. A., Cummings J. N., Wilson J. M., Pearce B. M. Team boundary issues across multiple global firms. J. Management Inform. Systems (2003) 19(4):157–191CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Espinosa J. A., Slaughter S. A., Kraut R. E., Herbsleb J. D. Familiarity, complexity, and team performance in geographically distributed software development. Organ. Sci. (2007) 18(4):613–630LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Fiol C., O'Connor E. Identification in face-to-face, hybrid, and pure virtual teams: Untangling the contradictions. Organ. Sci. (2005) 16:19–32LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Fiske S. T., Taylor S. E.Social Cognition (1991) 2nd ed.(McGraw-Hill, New York) CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fussell S. R., Krauss R. M. Coordination of knowledge in communication: Effects of speakers' assumptions about what others know. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1992) 62(3):378–391CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gibson C. B., Gibbs J. Unpacking the concept of virtuality: The effects of geographic dispersion, electronic dependence, dynamic structure, and national diversity on team innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. (2006) 51(3):451–495CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Griffith T. L., Sawyer J. E., Neale M. A. Virtualness and knowledge in teams: Managing the love triangle of organizations, individuals, and information technology. MIS Quart. (2003) 27(2):265–288CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Grinter R. E., Herbsleb J. D., Perry D. E. The geography of coordination: Dealing with distance in R&D work. Proc. Internat. ACM SIGGROUP Conf. Supporting Group Work (GROUP '99) (1999) (ACM, Phoenix, AZ) 306–315CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hackman J. R.Groups That Work (and Those That Don't): Creating Conditions for Effective Teamwork (1990) (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco) Google Scholar
  • Hamilton D. L., Sherman S. J., Lickel B., Sedikides C., Schopler J., Insko C. A. Perceiving social groups: The importance of the entitativity continuum. Intergroup Cognition and Intergroup Behavior (1998) (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ) 47–74Google Scholar
  • Hardin A. M., Fuller M. A., Davison R. M. I know I can, but can we? Culture and efficacy beliefs in global virtual teams. Small Group Res. (2007) 38(1):130–155CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Harrison D. D., Klein K. J. What's the difference? Diversity constructs as separation, variety, or disparity in organizations. Acad. Management Rev. (2007) 32(4):1199–1228CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Heilman M. E. The impact of situational factors on personnel decisions concerning women: Varying the sex composition of the applicant pool. Organ. Behav. Human Performance (1980) 26:386–395CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hertel G., Geister S., Konradt U. Managing virtual teams: A review of current empirical research. Human Resource Management Rev. (2005) 15:69–95CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hewstone M. R. C. The “ultimate attribution error?” A review of the literature on intergroup causal attribution. Eur. J. Soc. Psych. (1990) 20:311–335CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hinds P. J., Bailey D. E. Out of sight, out of sync: Understanding conflict in distributed teams. Organ. Sci. (2003) 14(6):615–632LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Hinds P., Kiesler S.Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hinds P. J., Mortensen M. Understanding conflict in geographically distributed teams: The moderating effects of shared identity, shared context, and spontaneous communication. Organ. Sci. (2005) 16(3):290–307LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Hoegl M., Proserpio L. Team member proximity and teamwork in innovative projects. Res. Policy (2004) 33:1153–1165CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hogg M. A., Hogg M. A., Tindale R. S. Social categorization and group behavior. Group Processes (2001) (Blackwell Publishers, Malden, MA) 56–85Google Scholar
  • Hogg M. A., Terry D. J. Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Acad. Management Rev. (2000) 25(1):121–140CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hogg M. A., Turner J. C. Interpersonal attraction, social identification and psychological group formation. Eur. J. Soc. Psych. (1985) 15(1):51–66CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hogg M. A., Turner J. C. Intergroup behaviour, self-stereotyping and the salience of social categories. British J. Soc. Psych. (1987) 26:325–340CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hollingshead A. B. Cognitive interdependence and convergent expectations in transactive memory. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (2001) 81:1080–1089CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hornsey M. J., Hogg M. A. Assimilation and diversity: An integrative model of subgroup relations. Personality Soc. Psych. Rev. (2000) 4(2):143–156CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • House R., Rousseau D. M., Thomas-Hunt M. The meso paradigm: A framework for the integration of micro and macro organizational behavior. Res. Organ. Behav. (1995) 17:71–114Google Scholar
  • Jarvenpaa S. L., Leidner D. E. Communication and trust in global virtual teams. Organ. Sci. (1999) 10(6):791–815LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Jehn K. A. Enhancing effectiveness: An investigation of advantages and disadvantages of value-based intragroup conflict. Internat. J. Conflict Management (1994) 5:223–238CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jehn K. A. A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1995) 40(2):256–282CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jehn K. A. A qualitative analysis of conflict types and dimensions in organizational groups. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1997) 42(3):530–557CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jehn K. A., Mannix E. A. The dynamic nature of conflict: A longitudinal study of intragroup conflict and group performance. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44(2):238–251CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kanter R. M.Men and Women of the Corporation (1977a) (Basic Books, New York) Google Scholar
  • Kanter R. M. Some effects of proportions on group life: Skewed sex ratios and responses to token women. Amer. J. Sociol. (1977b) 82(5):965–990CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kiesler S., Cummings J. N., Hinds P. J., Kielser S. What do we know about proximity and distance in work groups? A legacy of research. Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 57–82CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • King J. L., Frost R. L., Hinds P., Kiesler S. Managing distance over time: The evolution of technologies of dis/ambiguation. Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 3–26Google Scholar
  • Kirkman B. L., Mathieu J. E. The dimensions and antecedents of team virtuality. J. Management (2005) 31(5):700–718CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Klein K. J., Kozlowski S. W. J. From micro to meso: Critical steps in conceptualizing and conducting multilevel research. Organ. Res. Methods (2000) 3(3):211–236CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kramer R. M., Brewer M. B. Effects of group identity on resource utilization in a simulated common dilemma. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1984) 46:1044–1057CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kraut R. E., Fussell S. R., Brennan S. E., Siegel J., Hinds P. J., Kiesler S. Understanding the effects of proximity on collaboration: Implications for technologies to support remote collaborative work. Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 137–162Google Scholar
  • Krebs S. A., Hobman E. V., Bordia P. Virtual teams and group member dissimilarity. Small Group Res. (2006) 37(6):721–741CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Latane B., Williams K. D., Harkins S. G. Many hands make light the work: The causes and consequences of social loafing. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1979) 37:822–832CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lau D. C., Murnighan J. K. Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Acad. Management Rev. (1998) 23(2):325–340CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lawler E. E. Affective attachments to nested groups: A choice process theory. Amer. Sociol. Rev. (1992) 57:327–339CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lee C. S., Watson-Manheim M. B., Ramaprasad A. Exploring the relationship between communication risk perception and communication portfolio. IEEE Trans. Professional Comm. (2007) 50(2):130–146CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lewis K. Measuring transactive memory systems in the field: Scale development and validation. J. Appl. Psych. (2003) 88(4):587–604CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Liang D. W., Moreland R. L., Argote L. Group versus individual training and group performance: The mediating factor of transactive memory. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. (1995) 21:384–393CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Loyd D. L., White J., Kern M., Phillips K. W., Mannix E., Neale M. A. Duo status: Disentangling the complex interactions within a minority of two. Research on Managing Groups and Teams (2008) (JAI Press, Amsterdam) 75–92Google Scholar
  • Malone T. W., Crowston K. The interdisciplinary study of coordination. ACM Comput. Surveys (1994) 26(1):87–119CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mannix E. A. Organizations as resource dilemmas: The effects of power balance on coalition formation in small groups. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (1993) 55:1–22CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Martins L. L., Gilson L. L., Maynard M. T. Virtual teams: What do we know and where do we go from here? J. Management (2004) 30(6):805–835CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Massey A. P., Montoya-Weiss M. M., Hung Y. T. Because time matters: Temporal coordination in global virtual project teams. J. Management Inform. Systems (2003) 19:129–155CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Menon T., Phillips K. W. Getting even vs. being the odd one out: Conflict and cohesion in even- and odd-sized groups. (2008) . Working paper, University of Chicago GSB, ChicagoGoogle Scholar
  • Moore D. A., Kurtzberg T. R., Thompson L. L., Morris M. W. Long and short routes to success in electronically mediated negotiations: Group affiliations and good vibrations. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (1999) 77(1):22–43CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Moreland R. L., Myaskovsky L. Exploring the performance benefits of group training: Transactive memory or improved communication? Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (2000) 82:117–133CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Moreland R. L., Argote L., Krishnan R., Brower A. M. Socially shared cognition at work: Transactive memory and group performance. What's Social About Social Cognition? Research on Socially Shared Cognition in Small Groups (1996) (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA) 57–84CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mortensen M., Hinds P. J. Conflict and shared identity in geographically distributed teams. Internat. J. Conflict Management (2001) 12(3):212–238CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mullen B., Hu L. Perceptions of ingroup and outgroup variability: A meta-analytic integration. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. (1989) 10:233–252CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Nelson L. J., Miller . The distinctiveness effect in social categorization: You are what makes you unusual. Psych. Sci. (1995) 6:246–249CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.The Knowledge Creating Company (1995) (Oxford University Press, New York) Google Scholar
  • O'Leary M. B., Cummings J. N. The spatial, temporal, and configurational characteristics of geographic dispersion in teams. MIS Quart. (2007) 32(3):433–452CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • O'Leary M. B., Orlikowski W. J., Yates J., Hinds P., Kiesler S. Distributed work over the centuries: Trust and control in the Hudson's Bay company, 1670–1826. Distributed Work (2002) (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA) 27–54Google Scholar
  • Olson G. M., Olson J. S. Distance matters. Human-Comput. Interaction (2000) 15(1):139–179CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pena J., Walther J. B., Hancock J. T. Effects of geographic distribution on dominance perceptions in computer-mediated groups. Comm. Res. (2007) 34(3):313–331CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pettigrew T. F. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Rev. Psych. (1998) 49:65–85CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Phillips K. W., Loyd D. L. When surface and deep-level diversity collide: The effects on dissenting group members. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (2006) 99(2):143–160CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Polzer J. T., Crisp B., Jarvenpaa S. L., Kim J. W. Extending the faultline concept to geographically dispersed teams: How colocated subgroups can impair group functioning. Acad. Management J. (2006) 49(4):679–692CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Powell A., Piccoli G., Ives B. Virtual teams: A review of current literature and directions for future research. The DATA BASE Adv. Inform. Systems (2004) 35:6–39CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Raab K. J., Ambos B. Isolation and separation in teams: An analysis of configurations and their impact on knowledge flows. Paper Presented at the 28th Annual SMS Conf. (2008) Cologne, GermanyGoogle Scholar
  • Richman A., Noble K., Johnson A.When the Workplace Is Many Places: The Extent and Nature of Off-Site Work Today (2002) (WFD Consulting, Watertown, MA) Google Scholar
  • Rutkowski A.-F. o., Saunders C., Vogel D., van Genuchten M. “Is it already 4 a.m. in your time zone?” Focus immersion and temporal dissociation in virtual teams. Small Group Res. (2007) 38(1):98–129CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Saunders C. S., van Slyke C., Vogel D. R. My time or yours? Managing time visions in global virtual teams. Acad. Management Executive (2004) 19–31CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Schopler J., Insko C. A., Stroebe W., Hewstone M. The discontinuity effect in interpersonal and intergroup relations: Generality and mediation. European Review of Social Psychology (1992) (Wiley, Chichester, UK) 121–151Google Scholar
  • Sell J., Lovaglia M. J., Mannix E. A., Samuelson C. D., Wilson R. K. Investigating conflict, power, and status within and among groups. Small Group Res. (2004) 35(1):44–72CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sherif M., Harvey O. J., White B. J., Hood W. R., Sherif C. W.Intergroup Conflict and Cooperation. The Robbers Cave Experiment (1961) (Institute of Group Relations, Norman, OK) Google Scholar
  • Sherman S. J., Hamilton D. L., Lewis A. C., Abrams D., Hogg M. A. Perceived entitativity and the social identity value of group memberships. Social Identity and Social Cognition (1999) (Blackwell, Oxford, UK) 80–110Google Scholar
  • Simon B. The perception of ingroup and outgroup homogeneity: Reintroducing the intergroup context. Eur. Rev. Soc. Psych. (1992) 3:1–30CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Staples D. S., Webster J. Exploring the effects of trust, task interdependence and virtualness on knowledge sharing in teams. Inform. Systems J. (2008) 18:617–640CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Stroh L. K., Brett J. M., Reilly A. H. A decade of change: Managers' attachment to their organizations and their jobs. Human Resource Management (1994) 33:531–548CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tajfel H.Social Identity and Intergroup Relations (1982) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK) Google Scholar
  • Tajfel H., Turner J. C., Worchel S. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. Psychology of Intergroup Relations (1986) 2nd ed.(Nelson-Hall Publishers, Chicago) 7–24Google Scholar
  • Tajfel H., Wilkes A. Classification and quantitative judgement. British J. Psych. (1963) 54:104–114Google Scholar
  • Taylor S. E., Hamilton D. L. A categorization approach to stereotyping. Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior (1981) (Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ) 83–114Google Scholar
  • Taylor S. E., Fiske S. T., Etcoff N. L., Ruderman A. J. Categorical bases of person memory and stereotyping. J. Personality Soc. Psych. (1978) 36:778–793CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Turner J. C., Tajfel H. Social identification and psychological group formation. The Social Dimension: European Developments in Social Psychology (1984) 2(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK) 518–538CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Valacich J. S., Schwenk C. Devil's advocacy and dialectical inquiry effects on face-to-face and computer-mediated group decision making. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes (1995) 63(2):158–173CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Van den Bulte C., Moenaert R. K. The effects of R&D team co-location on communication patterns among R&D, marketing, and manufacturing. Management Sci. (1998) 44(11):S1–S18LinkGoogle Scholar
  • van Knippenberg D., van Schie E. C. M. Foci and correlates of organizational identification. J. Occupational Organ. Psych. (2000) 73:137–147CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Vega G., Brennan L. Isolation and technology: The human disconnect. J. Organ. Change Management (2000) 13(5):468–481CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wageman R., Gordon F. M. As the twig is bent: How group values shape emergent task interdependence in groups. Organ. Sci. (2005) 16(6):687–700LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Watson-Manheim M. B., Bélanger F. Communication media repertoires: Dealing with the multiplicity of media choices. MIS Quart. (2007) 31(2):267–293CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Webster J., Staples D. S. Comparing virtual teams to traditional teams: An identification of new research opportunities. Res. Personnel and Human Resources Management (2006) 25:181–215CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wegner D. M., Goethals G. R. Transactive memory: A contemporary analysis of the group mind. Theories of Group Behavior (1987) (Springer-Verlag, New York) 185–203CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wilson J. M., O'Leary M. B., Metiu A., Jett Q. R. Perceived proximity in virtual work: Explaining the paradox of far-but-close. Organ. Stud. (2008) 29(7):979–1002CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zack M. H. Interactivity and communication mode choice in ongoing management groups. Inform. Systems Res. (1993) 4(3):207–239LinkGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.