Not All Bridging Ties Are Equal: Network Imprinting and Firm Growth in the Nashville Legal Industry, 1933–1978

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1100.0633

References

  • Ahuja G. (2000) Collaboration networks, structural holes and innovation: A longitudinal study. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(3) 425–455.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • American Lawyer (1987–2002) Am Law 100. (The American Lawyer, Broadway, NY) .Google Scholar
  • Argote L. (1999) Organizational Learning: Creating, Retaining, and Transferring Knowledge. (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston) .Google Scholar
  • Argote L., McEvily B., Reagans R. (2003) Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Sci. 49(4) 571–582.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Barnett W. P. (1994) The liability of collective action: Growth and change among early telephone companies. , Baum J., Sing J., eds. Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations. (Oxford Press, New York) , 337–354.Google Scholar
  • Barnett W. P., Carroll G. R. (1987) Competition and mutualism among early telephone companies. Admin. Sci. Quart. 32(3) 400–421.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baum J. A. C., Calabrese T., Silverman B. S. (2000) Don't go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups' performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management J. 21(3) 267–294.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baum J. A. C., McEvily B., Rowley T. J. (2012) Better with age? Tie longevity and the performance implications of bridging and closure. Organ. Sci. 23(2) 529–546.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Bourdieu P. (1985) The forms of capital. , Richardson J. G., ed. Handbook of Theory and Research of the Sociology of Education. (Greenwood, New York) , 241–258.Google Scholar
  • Burt R. S. (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Burt R. S. (2000) The network structure of social capital. , Staw B. M., Sutton R. I., eds. Research in Organizational Behavior, Vol. 22. (Elsevier, New York) , 345–423.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Burt R. S. (2002) Bridge decay. Social Networks 24(4) 333–363.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Burton M. D., Beckman C. M. (2007) Leaving a legacy: Position imprints and successor turnover in young firms. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 72(2) 239–266.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Carroll G. R., Hannan M. T. (1989) Density delay in the evolution of organizational populations: A model and five empirical tests. Admin. Sci. Quart. 34(3) 411–430.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coleman J. S. (1988) Social capital in the creation of human capital. Amer. J. Sociol. 94(Supplement) S95–S120.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coleman J. S. (1990) Foundations of Social Theory. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
  • Coleman J. S., Katz E., Menzel H. (1966) Medical Innovation. (Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis) .Google Scholar
  • Freeman L. C. (1979) Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Soc. Networks 1(3) 215–239.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Galanter M., Palay T. (1991) Tournament of Lawyers: The Transformation of the Big Law Firm. (University of Chicago Press, Chicago) .Google Scholar
  • Galaskiewicz J., Zaheer A. (1999) Networks of competitive advantage. , Andrews S., Knoke D., eds. Research in the Sociology of Organizations. (JAI Press, Stamford, CT) , 237–261.Google Scholar
  • Gourman J. (1980) The Gourman Report: A Rating of Graduate and Professional Degree Programs in American and International Universities. (Princeton Review, New York) .Google Scholar
  • Granovetter M. S. (1973) The strength of weak ties. Amer. J. Sociol. 78(6) 1360–1380.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Granovetter M. S. (1985) Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. Amer. J. Sociol. 91(3) 481–510.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gulati R., Gargiulo M. (1999) Where do interorganizational networks come from? Amer. J. Sociol. 104(5) 473–506.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hannan M. T., Carroll G. R. (1992) Dynamics of Organizational Populations: Density, Legitimation, and Competition. (Oxford University Press, New York) .CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Heinz J., Laumann E. (1994) Chicago Lawyers: The Social Structure of the Bar. (Northwestern University and American Bar Foundation, Evanston, IL) .Google Scholar
  • Immelmann K. (1975) Ecological significance of imprinting and early learning. Annual Rev. Ecology Systematics 6 15–37.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ingram P., Baum J. A. C. (1997) Opportunity and constraint: Organizations' learning from the operating and competitive experience of industries. Strategic Management J. 18(S1) 75–98.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ingram P., Roberts P. W. (2000) Friendships among competitors in the Sydney hotel industry. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(2) 387–423.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lazega E. (2001) The Collegial Phenomenon: The Social Mechanisms of Cooperation Among Peers in a Corporate Law Firm. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK) .CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lorenz L. (1970) Studies in Animal and Human Behavior. (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA) .Google Scholar
  • Marquis C. (2003) The pressure of the past: Network imprinting in intercorporate communities. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(4) 655–689.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Martindale-Hubbell (1933–1978) Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory. (Martindale-Hubbell, Summit, NJ) .Google Scholar
  • McEvily B., Zaheer A. (1999) Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic Management J. 20(12) 1133–1156.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Peng M. W., Luo Y. (2000) Managerial ties and firm performance in a transition economy: The nature of a micro-macro link. Acad. Management J. 43(3) 486–501.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Phillips D. J. (2001) The promotion paradox: Organizational mortality and employee promotion chances in Silicon Valley law firms, 1946–1996. Amer. J. Sociol. 106(4) 1058–1098.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Phillips D. J. (2005) Organizational genealogies and the persistence of gender inequality: The case of Silicon Valley law firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(3) 440–472.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Phillips D. J., Zuckerman E. W. (2001) Middle-status conformity: Theoretical restatement and empirical demonstration in two markets. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(2) 379–429.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Podolny J. M. (2001) Networks as the pipes and prisms of the market. Amer. J. Sociol. 107(1) 33–60.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Portes A. (1998) Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Rev. Sociol. 24 1–24.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Powell W. W., Koput K. W., Smith-Doerr L. (1996) Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation: Networks of learning in biotechnology. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(1) 116–145.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Powell W. W., Smith-Doerr L. (1994) Networks and economic life. , Smelser N. J., Swedberg R., eds. The Handbook of Economic Sociology. (Princeton University Press and Russell Sage Foundation, Princeton, NJ) , 368–402.Google Scholar
  • Sherer P. D. (1995) Leveraging human assets in law firms: Human capital structures and organizational capabilities. Indust. Labor Relations Rev. 48(4) 671–691.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sherer P. D., Lee K. (2002) Institutional change in large law firms: A resource dependency and institutional perspective. Acad. Management J. 45(1) 102–119.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Soda G., Usai A., Zaheer A. (2004) Network memory: The influence of past and current networks on performance. Acad. Management J. 47(6) 893–906.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sørensen J. B. (1999a) The ecology of organizational demography: Managerial tenure distributions and organizational competition. Indust. Corporate Change 8(4) 713–744.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sørensen J. B. (1999b) STPIECE: Stata module to estimate piecewise-constant hazard rate models. . Unpublished ado-file, http://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s396801.html.Google Scholar
  • Starbuck W. H. (1992) Learning by knowledge-intensive firms. J. Management Stud. 29(6) 713–740.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Stinchcombe A. L. (1965) Social structure and organizations. , March J., ed. Handbook of Organizations. (Rand McNally, Chicago) , 142–193.Google Scholar
  • Stuart T. E. (1999) A structural perspective on organizational innovation. Indust. Corporate Change 8(4) 745–775.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Stuart T. E. (2000) Interorganizational alliances and the performance of firms: A study of growth and innovation rates in a high-technology industry. Strategic Management J. 21(8) 791–811.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Suchman M. C. (2000) Dealmakers and counselors: Law firms as intermediaries in the development of Silicon Valley. , Kenney M., ed. Understanding Silicon Valley: The Anatomy of An Entrepreneurial Region. (Standford University Press, Palo Alto, CA) , 71–97.Google Scholar
  • Swaminathan A. (1996) Environmental conditions at founding and organizational mortality: A trial-by-fire model. Acad. Management J. 39(5) 1350–1377.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tsai W. (2001) Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Acad. Management J. 44(5) 996–1004.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Uzzi B., Lancaster R. (2004) Embeddedness and price formation in the corporate law market. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 69(3) 319–344.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Walker G., Kogut B., Shan W. (1997) Social capital, structural holes and the formation of an industry network. Organ. Sci. 8(2) 109–125.LinkGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.