Learning, Imitation, and the Use of Knowledge: A Comparison of Markets, Hierarchies, and Teams
References
- . (1993) Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management J. 14(1) :33–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2007) Contract design as a firm capability: An integration of learning and transaction cost perspectives. Acad. Management Rev. 32(4) :1060–1077.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2011) Dominant design. , conpositio desiderata, and the follower's dilemma. (Working paper, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis).Google Scholar
- . (1986) Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck, and business strategy. Management Sci. 32(10) :1231–1241.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1989) Asset stocks and sustained competitive advantage: A comment. Management Sci. 35(12) :1511–1513.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1992) The division of labor, coordination costs, and knowledge. Quart. J. Econom. 107(4) :1137–1160.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2003) Exploitation, exploration, and process management: The productivity dilemma revisited. Acad. Management Rev. 28(2) :238–256.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2001) Strategies for managing internal competition. Calif. Management Rev. 44(1) :21–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1992) Organizational learning and personnel turnover. Organ. Sci. 3(1) :20–46.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1997) A theoretical study of organizational performance under information distortion. Management Sci. 43(7) :976–997.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1997) What makes teams work: Group effectiveness research from shop floor to the executive suite. J. Management 23(3) :239–290.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1989) Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Sci. 35(12) : 1504–1511.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1996) An empirical investigation of the microstructure of knowledge acquisition and transfer through learning by doing. Oper. Res. 44(1) :77–86.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2009) Renewal through reorganization: The value of inconsistencies between formal and informal organization. Organ. Sci. 20(2) :422–440.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2006) The interplay between exploration and exploitation. Acad. Management J. 49(6) : 693–706.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1999) On the design of hierarchies: Coordination versus specialization. J. Political Econom. 113(4) :675–702.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2004) Human capital and learning as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic Management J. 25(12) :1155–1178.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1945) The use of knowledge in a society. Amer. Econom. Rev. 35(4) :519–530.Google Scholar
- . (2005) The co-evolution of capabilities and transaction costs: Explaining the institutional structure of production. Strategic Management J. 26(5) :395–413.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1982) Groupthink, 2nd ed. (Houghton-Mifflin, Boston ).Google Scholar
- . (1993) The Origins of Order: Self-Organization Selection in Evolution (Oxford University Press, New York ).Google Scholar
- . (2001) The dynamic value of hierarchy. Management Sci. 47(3) :430–448.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1992) Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. 3(3) :383–397.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1996) What do firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organ. Sci. 7(5) :502–518.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1997) Political institutions and sorting in a Tiebout model. Amer. Econom. Rev. 87(5) :977–992.Google Scholar
- . (1967) Organization and Environment (Harvard Business School Press, Boston ).Google Scholar
- . (2003) An empirical examination of transaction and firm-level influences on the vertical boundaries of the firm. Strategic Management J. 24(9) :839–859.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1997) Adaptation on rugged landscapes. Management Sci. 43(7) :934–950.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2001) Toward a synthesis of the resource-based and dynamic capability views of rent creation. Strategic Management J. 22(5) :387–401.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1) :71–87.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2003) Valuing internal vs. external knowledge: Explaining the preference for outsiders. Management Sci. 49(4) :497–513.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1987) Informational asymmetries, strategic behavior, and industrial organization. Amer. Econom. Rev. 77(2) :184–193.Google Scholar
- . (2006) Adding interpersonal learning and tacit knowledge to March's exploration-exploitation model. Acad. Management J. 49(4) :709–722.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2002) Being efficiently fickle: A dynamic theory of organizational choice. Organ. Sci. 13(5) :547–566.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2004) A knowledge-based theory of the firm—The problem-solving perspective. Organ. Sci. 15(6) : 617–632.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1994) A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5(1) :14–37.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1962) Personal Knowledge: Toward a Post-Critical Philosophy (University of Chicago Press, Chicago ).Google Scholar
- . (1996) What is strategy? Harvard Bus. Rev. 74(6) :61–78.Google Scholar
- . (1995) Structured conflict and consensus outcomes in group decision-making. J. Management 21(4) :691–710.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1993) The organization of decentralized information processing. Econometrica 61(5) :1109–1146.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2003) Balancing search and stability: Interdependencies among elements of organizational design. Management Sci. 49(3) :290–311.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1986) The architecture of economic systems: Hierarchies and polyarchies. Amer. Econom. Rev. 76(4) : 716–727.Google Scholar
- . (2003) Temporarily divide to conquer: Centralized, decentralized, and reintegrated organizational approaches to exploration and adaptation. Organ. Sci. 14(6) : 650–669.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2005) Speed and search: Designing organizations for turbulence and complexity. Organ. Sci. 16(2) :101–122.Link, Google Scholar
- . (2006) When exploration backfires: Unintended consequences of multilevel organizational search. Acad. Management J. 49(4) :779–795.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1947) Administrative Behavior (Macmillan, New York ).Google Scholar
- . (1978) Information processing as an integrating concept in organizational design. Acad. Management Rev. 3(3) :613–624.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (1978) Economy and Society (University of California Press, Berkeley ).Google Scholar
- . (1993) Collective mind in organizations: Heedful interrelating on flight decks. Admin. Sci. Quart. 38(3) : 357–381.Crossref, Google Scholar
- . (2006) Organization design and effectiveness over the innovation life cycle. Organ. Sci. 17(2) :230–238.Link, Google Scholar
- . (1975) Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications (Free Press, New York ).Google Scholar
- . (1985) The Economic Institutions of Capitalism (Free Press, New York ).Google Scholar
- . (1995) Knowledge and the speed of transfer and imitation of organizational capabilities: An empirical test. Organ. Sci. 6(1) :76–92.Link, Google Scholar

