External Solutions and Internal Problems: The Effects of Employment Externalization on Internal Workers' Attitudes
Published Online:1 Aug 2003https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.14.4.386.17488
References
- Content, causes, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Acad. Management J. (1989) 32:803–829Crossref, Google Scholar
- Standing on the shoulders of others: Career interdependence in job mobility. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1992) 37:262–281Crossref, Google Scholar
- Just laid off, but still a “good citizen”? Only if the process is fair. Employee Rights and Responsibilities J. (1993) 6:227–238Crossref, Google Scholar
- Costs, commitment and rewards: Factors influencing the design and implementation of internal labor markets. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1987) 32:202–221Crossref, Google Scholar
- The influence of prior commitment to an institution reactions to perceived unfairness: The higher they are, the harder they fall. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1992) 37:241–261Crossref, Google Scholar
- Building organizational commitment: The socialization of managers in work organizations. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1974) 19:533–546Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bureau of Labor Statistics Contingent and alternative employment arrangements. (1995) (Bulletin 2307. United States Department of Labor, Washington, D.C) Google Scholar
- Bureau of Labor Statistics Contingent and alternative employment arrangements. (1999) (Bulletin 99-362. United States Department of Labor, Washington, D.C) Google Scholar
- Part-timers make the headline news: Here's the real HR story. Workforce (1997) 76:42–48Google Scholar
- Examining the effects of work externalization through the lens of social identity theory. J. Appl. Psych. (2001) 86:781–788Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizational actions in response to threats and opportunities. Acad. Management J. (2001) 44:937–955Crossref, Google Scholar
- A theory of organizational response to regulation: The case of hospitals. Acad. Management Rev. (1983) 8:193–205Google Scholar
- , Kramer R., Tyler T. Trust in organizations: A conceptual framework linking organizational forms, managerial philosophies and the opportunity costs of control. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research (1995) (Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) Google Scholar
- Temp workers want a better deal. Workforce (1999) 78:44Google Scholar
- Determinants of employment externalization: A Study of temporary workers and independent contractors. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1993) 38:195–223Crossref, Google Scholar
- Scale Development: Theory and Applications (1991) (Sage, Newbury Park, CA) Google Scholar
- Categorizing strategic issues: Links to organizational action. Acad. Management Rev. (1987) 12:76–90Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Psychology of Attitudes (1993) (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York) Google Scholar
- Perceived organizational support and employee diligence, commitment and innovation. J. Appl. Psych. (1990) 75:51–59Crossref, Google Scholar
- Perceived organizational support. J. Appl. Psych. (1986) 71:500–507Crossref, Google Scholar
- Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments. Acad. Management J. (1989) 32:543–557Crossref, Google Scholar
- Reconceptualizing the nature and consequences of part-time work. Acad. Management Rev. (1990) 15:103–112Crossref, Google Scholar
- The contingency work force: Increasing use of freelance workers, just-in-time employees, temporary executives and other kinds of alternatives to full-time, permanent workers. Fortune (1994) 129:30–36Google Scholar
- Commitment and the company: Manager: Worker relations in the absence of internal labor markets. Res. Soc. Stratification and Mobility (1988) 7:163–187Google Scholar
- The use of temporary staff and managers in a local government setting. Commun. Res. (1997) 24:698–731Crossref, Google Scholar
- Employment flexibility and human resource management: The case of three American electronics plants. Work Employment and Soc. (1992) 6:251–270Crossref, Google Scholar
- Using socially fair treatment to promote acceptance of a work site smoking ban. J. Appl. Psych. (1994) 79:288–297Crossref, Google Scholar
- Worker attachment and workplace authority. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1986) 51:634–649Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (1958) (Wiley, New York) Crossref, Google Scholar
- Social identity and self-categorization processes in organizational contexts. Acad. Management Rev. (2000) 25:121–141Crossref, Google Scholar
- Temporary, Part-Time and Contract Employment in the United States: A Report on the W. E. Upjohn Institute's Employer Survey on Flexible Staffing Policies (1997) (W. E. Upjohn Institutes for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, MI) Google Scholar
- Interaction Effects in Multiple Regression (1990) (Sage Publications Inc., Newbury Park, CA) Google Scholar
- Nonstandard employment relations: Part-time, temporary and contract work. Annual Rev. Sociology (2000) 26:341–365Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bad jobs in America: Standard and nonstandard employment relations and job quality in the United States. Amer. Sociological Rev. (2000) 65:256–278Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizations in America: Analyzing Their Structures and Human Resource Practices (1996) (Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) Google Scholar
- Commitment and social organization: A study of commitment mechanisms in utopian communities. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1968) 33:499–517Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Staw B., Cummings L. Intergroup relations and organizational dilemmas: The role of categorization processes. Research in Organizational Behavior (1991) 13(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 191–228Google Scholar
- New wrinkles in the theory of age: Demography, norms, and performance ratings. Acad. Management J. (1988) 31:309–337Crossref, Google Scholar
- Interest and indifference: The role of age in organizational sciences. Res. Personnel and Human Resources Management (1996) 14:1–59Google Scholar
- Culture, Control and Commitment: A Study of Work Organization and Work Attitudes in the United States and Japan (1990) (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K) Google Scholar
- Litigation and claiming in organizations: Antisocial behaviors or quest for justice? R. Antisocial Behaviors in Organizations (1997) (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA) 150–171Google Scholar
- The utilization of contingent work, knowledge creation, and competitive advantage. Acad. Management Rev. (1998) 23:680–697Crossref, Google Scholar
- Predicting participation and production outcomes through a two-dimensional model of organizational commitment. Acad. Management J. (1992) 3:671–684Crossref, Google Scholar
- A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Rev. (1991) 1:61–98Crossref, Google Scholar
- Commitment to organizations and occupations: Extension and test of a three-component conceptualization. J. Appl. Psych. (1993) 78:538–551Crossref, Google Scholar
- Employee Turnover: Causes, Consequences and Control (1982) (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA) Google Scholar
- The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? J. Appl. Psych. (1991) 76:845–855Crossref, Google Scholar
- Employee-Organizational Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover (1982) (Academic Press, San Diego, CA) Google Scholar
- Relations between job facet comparisons and employee reactions. Organ. Behavior and Human Decision Processes (1986) 38:28–47Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: The effects of compliance, identification and internalization on prosocial behavior. J. Appl. Psych. (1986) 71:492–499Crossref, Google Scholar
- People and organizational culture: A profile comparison approach to assessing person-organization fit. Acad. Management J. (1991) 34:487–516Crossref, Google Scholar
- Toward an organizational behavior of contract laborers: Their psychological involvement and effect on employee coworkers. Acad. Management J. (1993) 36:1082–1096Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Cooper C. L., Rousseau D. M. Job insecurity is really important, but not for the reasons you might think: The example of contingent workers. Trends in Organizational Behavior (1998) 5(Wiley, New York) 31–46Google Scholar
- Person-based reward systems: A theory of organizational reward practices in reform-communist organizations. J. Organ. Behavior (1994) 15:261–282Crossref, Google Scholar
- Multiple Regression in Behavioral Research: Explanation and Prediction (1982) (Holt Rinehart and Winston, New York) Google Scholar
- , Staw B. M., Cummings L. L. Taking the workers back out: Recent trends in the structuring of employment. Research in Organizational Behavior (1988) 10(Jai Press, Greenwich, CT) 257–303Google Scholar
- Organization based self-esteem: Construct definition, measurement, and validation. Acad. Management J. (1989) 32:622–648Crossref, Google Scholar
- The Study of Turnover (1977) (State University Press, Ames, IA) Google Scholar
- Trust and breach of the psychological contract. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1996) 41:574–599Crossref, Google Scholar
- Violating the psychological contract: Not the exception but the norm. J. Organ. Behavior (1994) 16:245–259Crossref, Google Scholar
- Changing obligations and the psychological contract: A longitudinal study. Acad. Management J. (1994) 37:137–152Crossref, Google Scholar
- Psychological and implied contracts in organizations. Employees Rights and Responsibilities J. (1989) 2:121–139Crossref, Google Scholar
- New hire perceptions of their own and their employer's obligations: A study of psychological contracts. J. Occupational Behavior (1990) 11:389–400Crossref, Google Scholar
- Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements (1995) (Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Cummings L. L., Staw B. M. The contracts of individuals and organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior (1993) 15(JAI Press, Greenwich, CT) 1–43Google Scholar
- On using informants: A technique for collecting quantitative data and controlling measurement error in organization analysis. Amer. Sociological Rev. (1974) 39:816–831Crossref, Google Scholar
- Meaning, self and motivation in organizations. Organ. Stud. (1991) 12:405–424Crossref, Google Scholar
- Institutionalizing flexibility in a service firm. Work and Occupations (1994) 21:284–307Crossref, Google Scholar
- The fractured world of the temporary worker: Power, participation, and fragmentation in the contemporary workplace. Soc. Problems (1998) 45:411–430Crossref, Google Scholar
- Strategic sensemaking and organizational performance: Linkages among scanning, interpretation, action, and outcomes. Acad. Management J. (1993) 36:239–270Crossref, Google Scholar
- Institutional sources of change in the formal structure of organizations: The diffusion of civil service reform, 1880–1935. Admin. Sci. Quart. (1983) 28:22–39Crossref, Google Scholar
- A relational model of authority in groups. Adv. Experiment. Soc. Psych. (1992) 25:115–191Crossref, Google Scholar
- , Kramer R., Tyler T. Trust in organizational authorities: The influence of motive attributions in willingness to accept decisions. Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research (1995) (Sage Publications Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA) Google Scholar
- Contingent employment in British establishments: Organizational determinants of the use of fixed term hires and part-time workers. Soc. Forces (1998) 76:967–1007Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organizational citizenship behavior of contingent workers in Singapore. Acad. Management J. (1998) 41:692–703Crossref, Google Scholar
- Bracing for the big one. Bus. Week (1996) March 25):34–35Google Scholar
- Perceived organizational support and leader-member exchange: A social exchange perspective. Acad. Management J. (1997) 40:82–111Crossref, Google Scholar

