Intergroup Competition as a Double-Edged Sword: How Sex Composition Regulates the Effects of Competition on Group Creativity
References
- (1991) Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions (Sage, Newbury Park, CA).Google Scholar
- (1982) Children’s artistic creativity: Detrimental effects of competition in a field setting. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 8:573–578.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Creativity in Context (Westview, Boulder, CO).Google Scholar
- (1992) Demography and design: Predictors of new product team performance. Organ. Sci. 3:321–341.Link, Google Scholar
- (2006) The curvilinear relation between experienced creative time pressure and creativity: Moderating effects of openness to experience and support for creativity. J. Appl. Psych. 91:963–970.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Win or lose the battle for creativity: The power and perils of intergroup competition. Acad. Management J. 53:827–845.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1966) The Duality of Human Existence: An Essay on Psychology and Religion (Rand-McNally, Chicago).Google Scholar
- (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 51: 1173–1182.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Unlocking the full potential of women in the U.S. economy. McKinsey & Company (April) http://www.mckinsey.com/Client_Service/Organization/Latest_thinking/Unlocking_the_full_potential.aspx.Google Scholar
- (1997) What do men want? Gender differences and two spheres of belongingness: Comment on Cross and Madson (1997). Psych. Bull. 122:38–44.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Cooperation, competition, and team performance: Toward a contingency approach. Acad. Management J. 46:572–590.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Gender and values. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 60:436–448.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Strategies for managing internal competition. Calif. Management Rev. 44:21–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. Klein KJ, Kozlowski SWJ, eds. Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco), 349–381.Google Scholar
- (1994) The enhancing effect of intergroup competition on group performance. Internat. J. Conflict Management 5:52–67.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Modeling cognitive interactions during group brainstorming. Small Group Res. 29:495–526.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Team innovation and perceptions of consideration: What difference does diversity make? Small Group Res. 30:730–750.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1993) Relations between work group characteristics and effectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups. Personnel Psych. 46:823–850.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Team competition spurs continuous improvement at Motorola. Natl. Productivity Rev. 14:1–9.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) The influence of demographic composition on the emergence and consequences of cooperative norms in work teams. Acad. Management J. 44:956–974.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Asymmetric reactions to work group sex diversity among men and women. Acad. Management J. 47:193–208.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) The asymmetrical influence of sex dissimilarity in distributive vs. collocated work groups. Organ. Sci. 19:581–593.Link, Google Scholar
- (2004) Identifying the ingroup: A closer look at the influence of demographic dissimilarity on employee social identity. Acad. Management Rev. 29:180–202.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) A double-edged sword: The effects of challenge and hindrance time pressure on new product development teams. IEEE Trans. Engrg. Management 58:71–86.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2009) Gender differences in preferences. J. Econom. Literature 47:448–474.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) When too little or too much hurts: Evidence for a curvilinear relationship between task conflict and innovation in teams. J. Management 32:83–107.Google Scholar
- (1949) A theory of co-operation and competition. Human Relations 2:129–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Understanding team innovation: The role of team processes and structures. Group Dynam.: Theory, Res., Practice 5:111–123.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Cognitive stimulation in brainstorming. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 79:722–735.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1987) Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social Role Interpretation (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2009) The his and hers of prosocial behavior: An examination of the social psychology of gender. Amer. Psychologist 64:644–658.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1967) The effect of inter-group competition on group member adjustment. Personnel Psych. 20:33–44.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) A model of (often mixed stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 83:878–902.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) A little creativity goes a long way: An examination of teams’ engagement in the creative process. J. Management 30:453–470.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Idea generation and the quality of the best idea. Management Sci. 56:591–605.Link, Google Scholar
- (2004) Gender and competition at a young age. Amer. Econom. Rev. 94:377–381.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Performance in competitive environments: Gender differences. Quart. J. Econom. 118:1049–1074.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Predictors of individual-level innovation at work: A meta-analysis. Psych. Aesthetics, Creativity, Arts 5:90–105.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) When collections of creatives become creative collectives: A field study of problem solving at work. Organ. Sci. 17:484–500.Link, Google Scholar
- (1997) Development in women’s labor force participation. Monthly Labor Rev. 120:41–46.Google Scholar
- (2009) Team-level predictors of innovation at work: A comprehensive meta-analysis spanning three decades of research. J. Appl. Psych. 94:1128–1145.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Decision making and behavior fluidity: How focus on completion and emphasis on safety changes over the course of projects. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 93:14–27.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1984) Estimating within-group interrater reliability with and without response bias. J. Appl. Psych. 69:85–98.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) The role of context in work team diversity research: A meta-analytic review. Acad. Management J. 52:599–627.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) The effects of proportional representation and gender orientation of the task on emergent leadership behavior in mixed-gender work groups. J. Appl. Psych. 84:620–631.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) No Contest: The Case Against Competition, 2nd rev. ed. (Houghton Mifflin, New York).Google Scholar
- (2011) Building on the ideas of others: An examination of the idea combination process. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 47:554–561.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1984) Effects of group identity on resource use in simulated social dilemma. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 46:1044–1057.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Virtuality, communication, and new product team creativity: A social network perspective. J. Engrg. Tech. Management 20:69–92.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Systematic design methods and the creative performance of new product teams: Do they contradict or complement each other? J. Product Innovation Management 24:166–179.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Gender composition, situational strength, and team decision-making accuracy: A criterion decomposition approach. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 88:445–475.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Fairness from the top: Perceived justice and collaborative problem solving in new product development teams. Organ. Sci. 18:200–216.Link, Google Scholar
- (2001) Gender comparisons in the private, collective, and allocentric selves. J. Soc. Psych. 141:551–559.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Internal competition for corporate resources and incentives in teams. RAND J. Econom. 35:710–727.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Clarifying conditions and decision points for mediational type inferences in organizational behavior. J. Organ. Behav. 27:1031–1056.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Forming inferences about some interclass correlation coefficients. Psych. Methods 1:30–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1974) Social influence: II. Minority influence. Nemeth C, ed. Social Psychology: Classic and Contemporary Integrations (Rand-McNally, Chicago), 217–249.Google Scholar
- (1997) Productivity under group incentives: An experimental study. Amer. Econom. Rev. 87:314–341.Google Scholar
- (2007) Do women shy away from competition? Do men compete too much? Quart. J. Econom. 122:1067–1101.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How costly is diversity? Affirmative action in light of gender differences in competitiveness. Management Sci. 59(1):1–16.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Coping with challenge and hindrance stressors in teams: Behavioral, cognitive, and affective outcomes. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 109:18–28.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) The Knowing-Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge Into Action (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- (2007) Group Genius: The Creative Power of Collaboration (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
- (2009) Tata group’s innovation competition. Bloomberg Businessweek (June 17) http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/content/jun2009/id20090617_735220.htm.Google Scholar
- (2009) A structural social psychology view of gender differences in cooperation. Sex Roles 61:317–324.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? J. Management 30:933–958.Google Scholar
- (1953) Groups in Harmony and Tension: An Introduction to Studies in Intergroup Relations (Harper & Brothers, New York).Google Scholar
- (2007) When is educational specialization heterogeneity related to creativity in research and development teams? Transformational leadership as a moderator. J. Appl. Psych. 92: 1709–1721.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psych. Bull. 86:420–428.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1982) Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. Leinhart S, ed. Sociological Methodology (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco), 290–312.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1972) Group Process and Productivity (Academic Press, New York).Google Scholar
- (1996) Brainstorming group in context: Effectiveness in a product design firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41: 685–718.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Labor force projections to 2020: A more slowly growing workforce. Monthly Labor Rev. 135:43–64.Google Scholar
- (1980) Measuring and Assessing Organizations (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
- (2005) Learning and performance in multidisciplinary teams: The importance of collective team identification. Acad. Management J. 48:532–547.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Work group diversity and group performance: An integrative model and research agenda. J. Appl. Psych. 89:1008–1022.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Gender differences in cooperation and competition. Psych. Sci. 18:19–23.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1959) Sex roles in a three-person game. Sociometry 22:343–360.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Innovation in health care teams. British J. Soc. Psych. 21:303–315.Google Scholar
- (1987) Meta-analytic review of sex differences in group performance. Psych. Bull. 102:53–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Gender. Fiske ST, Gilbert DT, Lindzey G, eds. Handbook of Social Psychology, 5th ed., Vol. 1 (John Wiley & Sons, New York), 629–667.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1985) Sex differences in group task performance. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 48:63–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. Science 330:686–688.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The increasing dominance of teams in production of knowledge. Science 316:1036–1039.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) The influence of creative process engagement on employee creative performance and overall job performance: A curvilinear assessment. J. Appl. Psych. 95:862–873.Crossref, Google Scholar

