Withholding the Ace: The Individual- and Unit-Level Performance Effects of Self-Reported and Perceived Knowledge Hoarding
References
- (2003) Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. J. Knowledge Management 7(1):64–77.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Knowledge transfer in organizations: A basis for competitive advantage in firms. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 82(1):150–169.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Managing knowledge in organizations: An integrative framework and review of emerging themes. Management Sci. 49(4):571–582.Link, Google Scholar
- (1989) Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Management Rev. 14(1):20–39.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) On becoming a strategic partner: The role of human resources in gaining competitive advantage. Human Resource Management 37(1):31–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 51(6): 1173–1182.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Managing Across Borders: The Transnational Solution (Harvard Business Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- (1964) Exchange and Power in Social Life (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
- (2000) Within-group agreement, non-independence, and reliability: Implications for data aggregation and analysis. Klein KJ, Kozlowski SW, eds. Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations (Jossey-Bass, San Francisco), 349–381.Google Scholar
- (2002) Breaking the myths of rewards: An exploratory study of attitudes about knowledge sharing. Inform. Resources Management J. 15(2):14–21.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Quart. 29(1):87–111.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1984) Being in the right place: A structural analysis of individual influence in an organization. Admin. Sci. Quart. 29(4): 518–539.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Organizational learning and communities-of-practice: Towards a unified view of working, learning, and innovation. Organ. Sci. 2(1):40–57.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Changing patterns or patterns of change: The effects of a change in technology on social network structure and power. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1):104–127.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) The contingent value of social capital. Admin. Sci. Quart. 42(2):339–365.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Structural holes and good ideas. Amer. J. Sociol. 110(2):349–399.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1988) The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Acad. Management Rev. 13(3):471–482.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1978) Power, equity, and commitment in exchange networks. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 27(5):31–40.Google Scholar
- (2004) Tie and network correlates of individual performance in knowledge-intensive work. Acad. Management J. 47(6):928–937.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Gender differences in the intentional use of information in competitive negotiations. Small Group Res. 31(6): 702–723.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1984) A cognitive view of the performance appraisal process: A model and research propositions. Organ. Behav. Human Performance 33(3):360–396.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) The determinants of trust in supplier-automaker relationships in the U.S., Japan and Korea. J. Internat. Bus. Stud. 31(2):259–285.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Creating and managing a high-performance knowledge-sharing network: The Toyota case. Strategic Management J. 21(3):345–367.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1989) Agency theory: An assessment and review. Acad. Management Rev. 14(1):57–74.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1962) Power-dependence relations. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 27(1):31–40.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Coordinating expertise in software development teams. Management Sci. 46(12):1554–1568.Link, Google Scholar
- (1980) Resource theory: Interpersonal behavior as exchange. Gergen KJ, Greenberg MS, Willis RH, eds. Social Exchange: Advances in Theory and Research (Plenum, New York), 77–102.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1993) The common knowledge effect: Information sharing and group judgment. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 65(5):959–974.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1960) The norm of reciprocity: A preliminary statement. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 25(2):161–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):109–122.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Can they take it with them? The portability of star knowledge workers' performance: Myth or reality. Management Sci. 54(7):1213–1230.Link, Google Scholar
- (2006) Acquiring and applying knowledge in transnational teams: The roles of cosmopolitans and locals. Organ. Sci. 17(3):367–384.Link, Google Scholar
- (2010) To share or not to share? Professional norms, reference groups, and information withholding among life scientists. Organ. Sci. 21(4):873–891.Link, Google Scholar
- (1999) The search-transfer problem: The role of weak ties in sharing knowledge across organization subunits. Admin. Sci. Quart. 44(1):82–111.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Knowledge sharing in organizations: Multiple networks, multiple phases. Acad. Management J. 48(5):776–793.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Brokering knowledge: Linking learning and innovation. Res. Organ. Behav. 24:41–85.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Technology brokering and innovation in a product development firm. Admin. Sci. Quart. 42(4): 716–749.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Mediation and the estimation of indirect effects in political communication research. Bucy EP, Holbert RL, eds. The Sourcebook for Political Communication Research: Methods, Measures, and Analytical Techniques (Routledge, New York), 434–465.Google Scholar
- (2002) Issues in multilevel research: Theory development, measurement, and analysis. Rogelberg SG, ed. Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Blackwell, New York), 247–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1950) The Human Group (Harcourt, Brace & World, New York).Google Scholar
- (1958) Social behavior as exchange. Amer. J. Sociol. 63(6):597–606.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Knowledge, bargaining power, and the instability of international joint ventures. Acad. Management Rev. 22(1):177–200.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Social capital, networks, and knowledge transfer. Acad. Management Rev. 30(1):146–165.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1974) Dependency and vulnerability: An exchange approach to the control of organizations. Admin. Sci. Quart. 19(1):45–59.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(2): 256–282.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Bringing the individual back in: A structural analysis of the internal market for reputation in organizations. Acad. Management J. 37(1):87–108.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Levels issues in theory development, data collection, and analysis. Acad. Management Rev. 19(2):195–229.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Answers to 20 questions about interrater reliability and interrater agreement. Organ. Res. Methods 11(4):815–852.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Employment flexibility and firm performance: Examining the interaction effects of employment mode, environmental dynamism, and technological intensity. J. Management 29(5):681–703.Google Scholar
- (2004) The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in effective knowledge transfer. Management Sci. 50(11):1477–1490.Link, Google Scholar
- (2011) Transactive memory systems: Current issues and future research directions. Organ. Sci. 22(5): 1254–1265.Link, Google Scholar
- (2007) Effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on employee knowledge sharing intentions. J. Inform. Sci. 33(2): 135–149.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. J. Management 24(1):43–72.Google Scholar
- (2010) The differential effect of team members' trust on team performance: The mediation role of team cohesion. J. Occupational Organ. Psych. 83(3):771–794.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Integrating justice and social exchange: The differing effects of fair procedures and treatment on work relationships. Acad. Management J. 43(4):738–748.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Trust as an organizing principle. Organ. Sci. 14(1):91–103.Link, Google Scholar
- (2001) The value of exchange. Soc. Forces 80(1):159–184.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Exploring the performance benefits of group training: Transactive memory or improved communication? Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 82(1): 117–133.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Innovation in a global consulting firm: When the problem is too much diversity. Strategic Management J. 31(8):841–872.Google Scholar
- (1995) The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create the Dynamics of Innovation (Oxford University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Agency theory Revisited: CEO returns and shareholder interest alignment. Acad. Management J. 53(5):1029–1049.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Social networks, the tertius iungens orientation, and involvement in innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(1): 100–130.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Catching falling stars: A human resource response to social capital’s detrimental effect of information overload for star employees. Acad. Management Rev. 37(3):396–418.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organizational forms. Organ. Sci. 11(5):538–550.Link, Google Scholar
- (1966) Scientists in Organizations: Productive Climates for Research and Development (John Wiley & Sons, New York).Google Scholar
- (1977) Resource allocations in united funds: Examination of power and dependence. Soc. Forces 55(3): 775–790.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Diverse groups and information sharing: The effects of congruent ties. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 40(4):497–510.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Resources and relationship: Social networks and mobility in the workplace. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 62(5): 673–693.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Individual- and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analysis. J. Appl. Psych. 94(1):122–141.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Effects of organizational citizenship behaviors on selection decisions in employment interviews. J. Appl. Psych. 96(2):310–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav. Res. Methods, Instruments, Comput. 36(4):717–731.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Multilevel investigation of the motivational mechanisms underlying knowledge sharing and performance. Organ. Sci. 18(1):71–88.Link, Google Scholar
- (2003) Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(2):240–267.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) How to make the team: Social networks vs. demography as criteria for designing effective teams. Admin. Sci. Quart. 49(1):101–133.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1973) The economic theory of agency: The principal’s problem. Amer. Econom. Rev. 63(2):134–139.Google Scholar
- (2005) Time to break up: Social and instrumental antecedents of firm exits from exchange cliques. Acad. Management J. 48(3):499–520.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Toward a theory of knowledge arbitrage: Examining management consultants as knowledge arbiters and arbitragers. Buono AF, ed. Current Trends in Management, Research in Management Consulting, Vol. 1 (Information Age Publishing, Greenwich, CT), 43–67.Google Scholar
- (1995) Managerial perceptions of employee commitment to the organization. Acad. Management J. 38(6):1593–1615.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1950) The Sociology of Georg Simmel, translated and edited by Wolff KH (Free Press, Glencoe, IL).Google Scholar
- (2001) Social networks and the performance of individuals and groups. Acad. Management J. 44(2):316–325.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1985) Pooling of unshared information in group decision making: Biased information sampling during discussion. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 48(6):1467–1478.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) The good, the bad and the ugly thing to do when sharing information: Revealing, concealing and lying depend on social motivation, distribution and importance of information. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 113(2):85–96.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):27–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis of stickiness. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 82(1):9–27.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1967) Organizations in Action: Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory (Transaction Publishers, Piscataway, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2009) Hidden profiles and concealed information: Strategic information sharing and use in group decision making. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 35(6):793–806.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Knowledge transfer in intraorganizational networks: Effects of network position and absorptive capacity on business unit innovation and performance. Acad. Management J. 44(5):996–1004.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Social structure of “coopetition” within a multiunit organization: Coordination, competition, and intraorganizational knowledge sharing. Organ. Sci. 13(2):179–190.Link, Google Scholar
- (2002) Employment relationships from the employer’s perspective: Current research and future directions. Cooper CL, Robertson IT, eds. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 17 (John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK), 77–114.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) When employees do bad things for good reasons: Examining unethical pro-organizational behaviors. Organ. Sci. 22(3):621–640.Link, Google Scholar
- (1996) The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: The network effect. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 61(4):674–698.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Beyond knowledge sharing: Withholding knowledge at work. Martocchio JJ, ed. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Vol. 27 (Emerald Group Publishing, Bingley, UK), 1–37.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. J. Management 17(3):601–617.Google Scholar
- (1979) Transaction-cost economics: The governance of contractual relations. J. Law Econom. 22(2):233–261.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) From cooperative to motivated information sharing in groups: Moving beyond the hidden profile paradigm. Comm. Monogr. 71(3):286–310.Crossref, Google Scholar

