CROSSROADS—Identifying Viable “Need–Solution Pairs”: Problem Solving Without Problem Formulation
References
- (2005) Understanding and managing the unknown: The nature of uncertainty in planning. J. Planning Ed. Res. 24(3):237–251.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1952) Functional fixedness as related to problem solving: A repetition of three experiments. J. Experiment. Psych. 44(4):288–291.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The role of affect in creative projects and exploratory search. Indust. Corporate Change 16(1):19–50.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1966) Studies of the problem-solving process in engineering design. IIEE Trans. Engrg. Management 13(2):72–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1964) Positive and negative biasing sets: The effects of prior experience on research performance. IEEE Trans. Engrg. Management 11(4):158–161.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) 40 Principles: TRIZ Keys to Technical Innovation (Technical Innovation Center, Worcester, MA).Google Scholar
- (2012) Perspectives on the social psychology of creativity. J. Creative Behav. 46(1):3–15.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Affect and creativity at work. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(3):367–403.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Microfoundations of strategic problem formulation. Strategic Management J. 34(2):197–214.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Design Rules: The Power of Modularity (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Sir William Henry Perkin and the Coal-Tar Colours. The Victorian Web (August 28), http://www.victorianweb.org/science/perkin.html.Google Scholar
- (1991) The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psych. 44(1):1–26.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Clusters and knowledge: Local buzz, global pipelines, and the process of knowledge creation. Progress Human Geography 28(1):31–56.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Supporting serendipity: Using ambient intelligence to augment user exploration for data mining and web browsing. Internat. J. Human-Comput. Stud. 65(5):421–433.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Coordinating knowledge creation in multidisciplinary teams: Evidence from early-stage drug discovery. Acad. Management J., ePub ahead of print June 16, http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.1214.Google Scholar
- (1951) The negative effect of previous experience on productive thinking. J. Experiment. Psych. 41(2):121–125.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Toward a method of middle-range theorizing. Acad. Management Rev. 4(3):443–447.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) A systems approach to improving rural care in Ethiopia. PloS One 7(4):e3402.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA).Google Scholar
- (1960) Blind variation and selective retentions in creative thought as in other knowledge processes. Psych. Rev. 67(6):380–400.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Treatment of glabellar frown lines with C. botulinum-A exotoxin. J. Dermatologic Surgery Oncology 18(11):17–21.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Lead user project handbook: A practical guide for lead user project teams. (October 1), http://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/Lead%20User%20Project%20Handbook%20%28Full%20Version%29.pdf.Google Scholar
- (1972) A garbage can model of organizational choice. Admin. Sci. Quart. 17(1):1–25.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Playing across the playground: Paradoxes of knowledge creation in the video game firm. J. Organ. Behav. 28(5):587–605.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Agility from first principles: Reconstructing the concept of agility in information systems development. Inform. Systems Res. 20(3):329–354.Link, Google Scholar
- (1989) Structured Rapid Prototyping (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).Google Scholar
- (2015) Serendipity and its role in dermatology. Indian J. Dermatology 60(2):130–135.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Lexicographic breadth first search—A survey. Hromkovic J, Nagl M, eds. Graph-Theoretical Concepts in Computer Science (Springer, Berlin), 1–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) What are you looking for? An eye-tracking study of information usage in web search. Proc. SIGCHI Human Factors Comput. Systems (ACM, New York), 407–416.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Rational versus intuitive problem solving: How thinking “off the beaten path” can stimulate creativity. Psych. Aesthetics Creativity Arts 5(1):3–12.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) The structure of serendipity. Culture Organ. 20(5):342–358.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Choice, chance, and inevitability in strategy. Strategic Management J. 28(5):535–551.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The economics of strategic opportunity. Strategic Management J. 24(10):977–990.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1945) On problem-solving, trans. Lees LS. Psych. Monographs 58(5):i–113.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) What is agency? Amer. J. Sociol. 103(4):962–1023.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Open or closed innovation? Problem solving and governance choice. Res. Policy 43(5):914–925.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Usability basics for software developers. IEEE Software 18(1):22–29.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Insightful thinking: Cognitive dynamics and material artifacts. Pragmatics Cognition 17(3):549–572.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Passing the buck in the garbage can model of organizational choice. Comput. Math. Organ. Theory 16(2):113–143.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Science as a map in technological search. Strategic Management J. 25(8–9):909–928.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Serendipity and information seeking: An empirical study. J. Documentation 59(3):321–340.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How constraints and knowledge impact open innovation. Strategic Management J. 34(9):1134–1144.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) When openness to experience and conscientiousness are related to creative behavior: An interactional approach. J. Appl. Psych. 86(3):513–524.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Choice interactions and business strategy. Management Sci. 54(9):1638–1651.Link, Google Scholar
- (1967) The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (Aldine Publishing, Chicago).Google Scholar
- (1996) PALO: A probabilistic hill-climbing algorithm. Artificial Intelligence 84(1–2):177–208.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Finding optimal satisficing strategies for and-or trees. Artificial Intelligence 170(1):19–58.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1989) Rapid prototyping with fourth generation systems: An empirical study. Office: Tech. People 5(2):105–125.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The Political Philosophy of Needs (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) C-K Theory: Notions and applications of a unified design theory. Proc. Herbert Simon Internat. Conf. Design Sci., Lyon, 15–16 March.Google Scholar
- (2007) Opportunity discovery, problem solving and a theory of the entrepreneurial firm. J. Management Stud. 44(7):1255–1277.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Path data in marketing: An integrative framework and prospectus for model building. Marketing Sci. 28(2):320–335.Link, Google Scholar
- International Electrotechnical Commission (2006) Fault Tree Analysis (FTA), International Standard IEC 61025, 2nd ed. (IEC, Geneva).Google Scholar
- (1968) Guide to Quality Control (JUSE, Tokyo).Google Scholar
- (1976) Guide to Quality Control (Asian Productivity Organization, Tokyo).Google Scholar
- (2010) Marginality and problem-solving effectiveness in broadcast search. Organ. Sci. 21(5):1016–1033.Link, Google Scholar
- (1964) The Act of Creation (Macmillan, New York).Google Scholar
- (2011) Survival after acute myocardial infarction (SAMI) study: The design and implementation of a positive deviance study. Amer. Heart J. 162(6):981–987.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) An architectural framework for complex cognition. Cognitive Systems Res. 12(3–4):281–292.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Open innovation and organizational boundaries: The impact of task decomposition and knowledge distribution on the locus of innovation. Grandori A, ed. Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory (Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK), 355–382.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms. Strategic Management J. 27(2):131–150.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Strategic Management of Innovation and Design (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
- (2007) Myopia of selection: Does organizational adaptation limit the efficacy of population selection? Admin. Sci. Quart. 52(4):586–620.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Designing for unexpected encounters with digital products: Case studies of serendipity as felt experience. Internat. J. Design 6(1):41–58.Google Scholar
- (2002) Performance assessment of the lead user idea generation process. Management Sci. 48(8):1042–1059.Link, Google Scholar
- (1942) Mechanization in problem solving: The effect of Einstellung. Psych. Monographs 54(6):i–95.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1980) Organizational problem formulation: An empirical study. Admin. Sci. Quart. 25(1):102–119.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) The road to “root cause”: Shop-floor problem-solving at three auto assembly plants. Management Sci. 43(4):479–502.Link, Google Scholar
- (2014) “Making my own luck”: Serendipity strategies and how to support them in digital information environments. J. Assoc. Inform. Sci. Tech. 65(11):2179–2194.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1958) Organizations (Wiley, New York).Google Scholar
- (2000) The structure of problem-solving knowledge and the structure of organizations. Indust. Corporate Change 9(4):757–788.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1961) The decisions of engineering design. IRE Trans. Engrg. Management 8(2):55–71.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) The creative personality: A synthesis and development of the creative person profile. Creativity Res. J. 23(3):185–202.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1985) Comparison of EPI and psychoticism scales with measures of the five-factor model of personality. Personality Individual Differences 6(5):587–597.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1968) Social Theory and Social Structure (Free Press, New York).Google Scholar
- (2004) The Travels and Adventures of Serendipity: A Study in Sociological Semantics and the Sociology of Science (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Google Scholar
- (1976) The structure of “unstructured” decision processes. Admin. Sci. Quart. 21(2):246–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Bounded rationality, cognitive maps, and trial and error learning. J. Econom. Behav. Organ. 67(1):78–89.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) On the nature of insight solutions: Evidence from skill differences in anagram solution. Quart. J. Experiment. Psych. A 56(2):351–382.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1984) Restructuring revisited. Scandinavian J. Psych. 25(2):65–78.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1980) Managing garbage can hierarchies. Admin. Sci. Quart. 25(4):583–604.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Crowdsourcing d’activités inventives et frontières des organisations. Management Internat. 16:101–112.Google Scholar
- (2002) On uncertainty, ambiguity, and complexity in project management. Management Sci. 48(8):1008–1023.Link, Google Scholar
- (1999) The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary (O’Reilly Media Inc., Sebastopol, CA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1973) Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sci. 4(2):155–169.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1972) Rolling luggage. U.S. Patent 3,653,474, filed February 16, 1970, and issued April 4, 1972.Google Scholar
- (1983) The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
- (1983) Formulating the mess: The role of decision aids in problem formulation. Omega 11(3):239–252.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Reinventing the suitcase by adding the wheel. Bus. Day: New York Times (October 4), http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/business/05road.html.Google Scholar
- (2012) Problems on the Boundary: Involving External Service Providers in Organizational Problem Formulation. Ph.D. dissertation, ETH No. 20285, ETH, Zurich.Google Scholar
- (1973) The structure of ill-structured problems. Artificial Intelligence 4(3–4):181–201.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1977) Models of Discovery and Other Topics in the Methods of Science, Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science (D. Reidel, Dordrecht, Netherlands).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1978) On how to decide what to do. Bell J. Econom. 9(2):494–507.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Models of Thought (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT).Google Scholar
- (1962) Trial and error search in solving difficult problems: Evidence from the game of chess. Behav. Sci. 7(4):425–429.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Identifying controlling features of engineering design iteration. Management Sci. 43(3):276–293.Link, Google Scholar
- (2012) Are you solving the right problem? Harvard Bus. Rev. 90(9):85–93.Google Scholar
- (1996) Exploring internal stickiness: Impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):27–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Psychology of thinking before the cognitive revolution: Otto Seltz on problems, schemas, and creativity. History Psychology 13(1):2–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Exchanging preliminary information in concurrent engineering: Alternative coordination strategies. Organ. Sci. 13(4):402–419.Link, Google Scholar
- (1998) Managing experimentation in the design of new products. Management Sci. 44(6):743–762.Link, Google Scholar
- (2003) Experimentation Matters: Unlocking the Potential of New Technologies for Innovation (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- (2000) The effect of “front-loading” problem-solving on product development performance. J. Product Innovation Management 17(2):128–142.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) The situated nature of adaptive learning in organizations. Organ. Sci. 8(1):71–83.Link, Google Scholar
- (1994) Anatomy of the unsought finding. Serendipity: Origin, history, domains, traditions, appearances, patterns and programmability. British J. Philos. Sci. 45(2):631–648.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1983) Problem formulation in planning and design. Management Sci. 29(6):639–652.Link, Google Scholar
- (1986) Lead users: A source of novel product concepts. Management Sci. 32(7):791–805.Link, Google Scholar
- (1994) “Sticky information” and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation. Management Sci. 40(4):429–439.Link, Google Scholar
- (2005) Democratizing Innovation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996a) The mechanics of learning by doing: Problem discovery during process machine use. Technology and Culture 37(2):312–329.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996b) How learning by doing is done: Problem identification in novel process equipment. Res. Policy 24(1):1–12.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Carrots and rainbows: Motivations and social practice in open source software development. MIS Quart. 36(2):649–676.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) A “problem in the making”: How firms formulate problems for innovation contests. Working paper, ETH Zurich, Zurich.Google Scholar
- (1960) To Mann, Monday 28 January 1754. Lewis WS, ed. The Yale Editions of Horace Walpole’s Correspondence, With Sir Horace Mann, IV, Vol. 20 (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT), 407–411.Google Scholar
- (1959) Productive Thinking (Harper, New York).Google Scholar
- (2006) The big five personality dimensions and entrepreneurial status: A meta-analytical review. J. Appl. Psych. 91(2):259–271.Crossref, Google Scholar

