The Paradox of Openness and Value Protection Strategies: Effect of Extramural R&D on Innovative Performance
References
- (1989) Technology: A key strategic resource. Management Rev. 78(2):37–41.Google Scholar
- (2007) The process of creative construction: Knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship and economic growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship J. 1(2):263–286.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010a) The role of incentives and communication in strategic alliances: An experimental investigation. Strategic Management J. 31(4):413–437.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010b) Reputations for toughness in patent enforcement: Implications for knowledge spillovers via inventor mobility. Strategic Management J. 30(13):1349–1374.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Knowledge transfer through inheritance: Spinout generation, development, and survival. Acad. Management J. 47(4):501–522.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) The duality of collaboration: Inducements and opportunities in the formation of interfirm linkages. Strategic Management J. 21(3):317–343.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management J. 22(6–7):521–543.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Multiple Regression: Testing and Interpreting Interactions (Sage, Newbury Park, CA).Google Scholar
- (1969) Information flow in research and development laboratories. Admin. Sci. Quart. 14(1):12–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Sci. 45(7):905–917.Link, Google Scholar
- (2008) Creativity and the role of the leader. Harvard Bus. Rev. 86(October):100–109.Google Scholar
- (1962) Economic welfare and the allocation of resources for invention. Nelson RR, ed. The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity: Economic and Social Factors (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ), 609–626.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Entrepreneurial access and absorption of knowledge spillovers: Strategic board and managerial composition for competitive advantage. J. Small Bus. Management 44(2):155–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) When open architecture beats closed: The entrepreneurial use of architectural knowledge. Working Paper 10-063, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
- (2000) The Option Value of Modularity in Design (MIT Press, Boston).Google Scholar
- (2011) Incentives and problem uncertainty in innovation contests: An empirical analysis. Management Sci. 57(5):843–863.Link, Google Scholar
- (2001) Knowledge specialization, organizational coupling, and the boundaries of the firm: Why do firms know more than they make? Admin. Sci. Quart. 46(4):597–621.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1935) Permanence and Change (New Republic, New York).Google Scholar
- (2000) A market-driven approach to retaining talent. Harvard Bus. Rev. 78(1):103–111.Google Scholar
- (2006) In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: Internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Sci. 52(1):68–82.Link, Google Scholar
- (2009) Appropriability, preemption, and firm performance. Strategic Management J. 30(January):81–98.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) Disruption, disintegration and the dissipation of differentiability. Indust. Corporate Change 11(5):955–993.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1976) State of the field the conceptualization of scientific specialties. Soc. Quart. 17(4):448–476.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1998) Absorptive capacity, coauthoring behavior, and the organization of research in drug discovery. J. Indust. Econom. 46(2):157–182.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Human assets and managerial dilemmas: Coping with hazards on the road to resource based theory. Acad. Management Rev. 22(2):374–402.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1): 128–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Protecting their intellectual assets: Appropriability conditions and why U.S. manufacturing firms patent (or not). Working Paper w7552, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
- (2002) Links and impacts: The influence of public research on industrial R&D. Management Sci. 48(1):1–23.Link, Google Scholar
- (2003) Protecting Trade Secrets in Knowledge-Based Industries (Farella Braun + Martel LLP, San Francisco).Google Scholar
- (1988) Sources, procedures and microeconomic effects of innovation. J. Econom. Literature 26(3):1120–1171.Google Scholar
- (1998) The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Acad. Management Rev. 23(4):660–679.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1954) Some problems in interval estimation. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B (Methodological) 16(2):175–185.Google Scholar
- (2001) Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Sci. 47(1):117–132.Link, Google Scholar
- (2004) Science as a map in technological search. Strategic Management J. 25(8–9):909–928.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Swift and smart: The moderating effects of technological capabilities on the market pioneering–firm survival relationship. Management Sci. 55(11):1842–1860.Link, Google Scholar
- (2013) Cutting the Gordian knot: The effect of knowledge complexity on employee mobility and entrepreneurship. Strategic Management J. 34(6):666–686.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How constraints and knowledge impact open innovation. Strategic Management J. 34(9):1134–1144.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) The relationship between knowledge sourcing and fear of imitation. Strategic Management J. 35(8):1144–1163.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Clusters, knowledge spillovers and new venture performance: An empirical examination. J. Bus. Venturing 23(4):405–422.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(Winter):109–122.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Balancing internal and external knowledge acquisition: The gains and pains from R&D outsourcing. J. Management Stud. 47(8):1483–1509.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) When using knowledge can hurt performance: The value of organizational capabilities in a management consulting company. Strategic Management J. 26(1):1–24.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Thinking about U: Theorizing and testing U- and inverted U-shaped relationships in strategy research. Strategic Management J. 37(7):1177–1195.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) The patent paradox revisited: An empirical study of patenting in the U.S. semiconductor industry, 1979–1995. RAND J. Econom. 32(1):101–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Appropriability of technical innovations an empirical analysis. Res. Policy 24(6):981–992.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1979) Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 47(1):153–161.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) The strategic management of trade secrets in technology-based firms. Tech. Analysis Strategic Management 16(4): 479–494.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Architectural innovation: The reconfiguration of existing product technologies and failure of established firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(March):9–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Modularity for value appropriation: Drawing the boundaries of intellectual property. Working Paper 11-054, Harvard Business School, Boston.Google Scholar
- (1997) International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product diversified firms. Acad. Management J. 40(August):767–798.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) How much you know versus how well I know you: Selecting a supplier for a technically innovative component. Strategic Management J. 26(1):75–96.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) The use of logit and probit models in strategic management research: Critical issues. Strategic Management J. 28(4):331–343.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Death hurts, but it isn’t fatal: The postexit diffusion of knowledge created by innovative companies. Acad. Management J. 50(2):446–467.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) The sourcing of technological knowledge: distributed innovation processes and dynamic change. R&D Management 33(4):395–409.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Organizational learning: The contributing processes and literatures. Organ. Sci. 2(1):88–115.Link, Google Scholar
- (2005) Technology integration: Managing technological evolution in a complex environment. Res. Policy 24(4):521–542.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Strategy as ecology. Harvard Bus. Rev. 82(3):68–78.Google Scholar
- (1986) Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: Evidence from firms’ patents, profits, and market value. Amer. Econom. Rev. 76(5):984–1001.Google Scholar
- (2002) Something old, something new: A longitudinal study of search behavior and new product introduction. Acad. Management J. 45(6):1183–1194.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) What firms do? Coordination, identity, and learning. Organ. Sci. 7(5):502–518.Link, Google Scholar
- (2013) Open innovation and firm boundaries: Task decomposition, knowledge distribution and the locus of innovation. Grandori A, ed. Handbook of Economic Organization: Integrating Economic and Organization Theory (Edward Elgar Publishing, Northampton, MA), 355–382.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Open for Innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovative performance among UK manufacturing firms. Strategic Management J. 27(2):131–150.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration. Res. Policy 43(5):867–878.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Innovation objectives, knowledge sources, and the benefits of breadth. Strategic Management J. 31(2):224–236.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Location, decentralization, and knowledge sources for innovation. Organ. Sci. 22(3):641–658.Link, Google Scholar
- (1992) Core capabilities and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management J. 13(S1):111–125.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2007) Special topic forum on value creation. Acad. Management Rev. 32:180–292.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Venture capitalists and the oversight of private firms. J. Finance 50(1):391–414.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Using litigation to understand trade secrets: A preliminary exploration. Working paper.Google Scholar
- (1987) Appropriating the returns from industrial research and development. Brookings Papers Econom. Activity 3:783–820.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) Keeping organizational secrets: Protective institutional mechanisms and their costs. Indust. Corporate Change 6(3):623–663.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) With or without U? The appropriate test for a U-shaped relationship. Oxford Bull. Econom. Statist. 72(1):109–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.Link, Google Scholar
- (1920) Principles of Economics (MacMillan, London).Google Scholar
- (2009) Mobility, skills, and the Michigan non-compete experiment. Management Sci. 55(6):875–889.Link, Google Scholar
- (2002) The persistence of knowledge-based advantage: An empirical test for product performance and technological knowledge. Strategic Management J. 23(4):285–305.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Offshoring and firm innovation: The moderating role of top management team attributes. Strategic Management J. 33(13):1480–1498.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2014) Extramural R&D funding by U.S.-located businesses nears $30 billion in 2011. Report, National Center of Science and Engineering Statistics, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
- National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (1985) Uniform Trade Secrets Act with 1985 amendments. Accessed September 2, 2017, http://www.uniformlaws.org/shared/docs/trade%20secrets/utsa_final_85.pdf.Google Scholar
- (2016) How to share “a really good secret”: Managing sharing/secrecy tensions around scientific knowledge disclosure. Organ. Sci. 27(2):265–285.Link, Google Scholar
- (1982) An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change (Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
- (1994) A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5:14–37.Link, Google Scholar
- (2001) Sourcing by design: Product complexity and the supply chain. Management Sci. 47(1):189–204.Link, Google Scholar
- (1999) The circulation of corporate control: Selection of functional backgrounds of new CEOs in large U.S. manufacturing firms, 1981–1992. Admin. Sci. Quart. 44(3):532–562.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1989) Work group demography, social integration, and turnover. Admin. Sci. Quart. 34(1):21–37.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (1993) Main definitions and conventions for the measurement of research and experimental development (R&D): A summary of the Frascati Manual 1993. Report, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.Google Scholar
- Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (2005) Oslo Manual guidelines for collecting and interpreting innovation data. Report, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris.Google Scholar
- (2004) The scope and governance of international R&D alliances. Strategic Management J. 25(8–9):723–749.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Econometric methods for fractional response variables with an application to 401(K) plan participation rates. J. Appl. Econometrics 11(6):619–632.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1981) Power in Organizations (Pitman, Boston).Google Scholar
- Pfeffer J, ed. (1983) Organizational Demography (JAI Press, Greenwich, CT).Google Scholar
- (2002) Organizational sticking points on NK landscapes. Complexity 7(5):31–43.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Ambidexterity in technology sourcing: The moderating role of absorptive capacity. Organ. Sci. 20(4):759–780.Link, Google Scholar
- (1942) Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Harper & Row, New York).Google Scholar
- (1989) External technology and in-house R&D’s facilitative role. J. Product Innovation Management 6(2):123–138.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1962) The architecture of complexity. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 106(6):467–482.Google Scholar
- (1997) The impact of technological complexity and interfirm cooperation on business survival. Acad. Management J. 40(2):339–367.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Complexity, networks and knowledge flow. Res. Policy 35(7):994–1017.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Knowledge and the firm: Overview (to special edition). Strategic Management J. 17(Winter):5–9.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2010) Coordination within vs. across firm boundaries. Working paper, London Business School, London.Google Scholar
- (1981) Threat rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Admin. Sci. Quart. 26(4):501–524.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1996) Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management J. 17(S1):21–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) External technology acquisition and firm performance: A longitudinal study. J. Bus. Venturing 23(1):91–112.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) External technology sourcing and innovation performance in LMT sectors: An analysis based on the Taiwanese technological innovation survey. Res. Policy 38(3):518–526.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) The paradox of openness: How product and patenting experience affect R&D sourcing in China? J. Product Innovation Management 34(3):250–268.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) The impact of outsourcing new technologies on integrative capabilities and performance. Strategic Management J. 30(6):595–616.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Learning from supply-side agents: The impact of technology solution providers’ experiential diversity on client’s innovation adoption. Acad. Management J. 52(1):37–60.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1992) Top management team demography and corporate strategic change. Acad. Management J. 35(1):91–121.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1987) Knowledge and competence as strategic assets. Teece DJ, ed. The Competitive Challenge: Strategies for Industrial Innovation and Renewal (Ballinger, Cambridge, MA), 156–184.Google Scholar
- (2013) Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 5th ed. (South-Western, Mason, OH).Google Scholar
- (2008) Decomposability in knowledge structures and its impact on the usefulness of inventions and knowledge-base malleability. Admin. Sci. Quart. 53(2):333–362.Crossref, Google Scholar

