External Learning Strategies and Technological Search Output: Spinout Strategy and Corporate Invention Quality

References

• Abadie A, Imbens G (2002) Simple and bias-corrected matching estimators for average treatment effects. NBER Working Paper 283, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
• Abadie A, Drukker D, Herr JL, Imbens G (2004) Implementing matching estimators for average treatment effects in Stata. Stata J. 4(3):290–311.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Audretsch D, Sarkar MB (2007) The process of creative construction: Knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Strategic Entrepreneurship J. 1(3‐4):263–286.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Ganco M, Ziedonis RH (2009) Reputations for toughness in patent enforcement: Implications for knowledge spillovers via inventor mobility. Strategic Management J. 30(13):1349–1374.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Agarwal R, Echambadi R, Franco AM, Sarkar MB (2004) Knowledge transfer through inheritance: Spin-out generation, development and survival. Acad. Management J. 47(4):501–522.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ahuja G, Katila R (2001) Technological acquisitions and the innovation performance of acquiring firms: A longitudinal study. Strategic Management J. 22(3):197–220.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ahuja G, Lampert CM (2001) Entrepreneurship in the large corporation: A longitudinal study of how established firms create breakthrough inventions. Strategic Management J. 22(6-7):521–543.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Almeida P, Dokko G, Rosenkopf L (2003) Startup size and the mechanisms of external learning: Increasing opportunity and decreasing ability? Res. Policy 32(2):301–315.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Almeida P, Song J, Grant RM (2002) Are firms superior to alliances and markets? An empirical test of cross-border knowledge building. Organ. Sci. 13(2):147–161.Link, Google Scholar
• Arora A, Ceccagnoli M, Cohen WM (2008) R&D and the patent premium. Internat. J. Indust. Organ. 26(5):1153–1179.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Basalla G (1988) The Evolution of Technology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
• Breschi S, Lissoni F, Malerba F (2003) Knowledge-relatedness in firm technological diversification. Res. Policy 32(1):69–87.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Campbell BA, Ganco M, Franco AM, Agarwal R (2012) Who leaves, where to, and why worry? Employee mobility, entrepreneurship and effects on source firm performance. Strategic Management J. 33(1):65–87.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cassiman B, Ueda M (2006) Optimal project rejection and new firm start-ups. Management Sci. 52(2):262–275.Link, Google Scholar
• Chatterji AK (2009) Spawned with a silver spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry. Strategic Management J. 30(2):185–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chesbrough HW (1998) Inxight: Incubating a Xerox Technology Spinout (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
• Chesbrough HW (2002) Graceful exits and missed opportunities: Xerox’s management of its technology spin-off organizations. Bus. Hist. Rev. 76(4):803–837.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chesbrough HW (2003) The governance and performance of Xerox’s technology spin-off companies. Res. Policy 32(3):403–421.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chesbrough HW (2006) Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
• Christensen CM (1997) The Innovator’s Dilemma (Harvard Business School Press, Boston).Google Scholar
• Cirillo B, Brusoni S, Valentini G (2014) The rejuvenation of inventors through corporate spinouts. Organ. Sci. 25(6):1764–1784.Link, Google Scholar
• Cohen WM, Levinthal DA (1990) Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(1):128–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Corredoira RA, Rosenkopf L (2010) Should auld acquaintance be forgot? The reverse transfer of knowledge through mobility ties. Strategic Management J. 31(2):159–181.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dehejia RH, Wahba S (2002) Propensity score-matching methods for nonexperimental causal studies. Rev. Econom. Statist. 84(1):151–161.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dushnitsky G, Lenox MJ (2005) When do firms undertake R&D by investing in new ventures? Strategic Management J. 26(10):947–965.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dushnitsky G, Shaver JM (2009) Limitations to interorganizational knowledge acquisition: The paradox of corporate venture capital. Strategic Management J. 30(10):1045–1064.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt KM, Tabrizi BN (1995) Accelerating adaptive processes: Product innovation in the global computer industry. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(1):84–110.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ferriani S, Garnsey E, Lorenzoni G (2012) Continuity and change in a spin-off venture: The process of reimprinting. Indust. Corporate Change 21(4):1011–1048.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L (2001) Recombinant uncertainty in technological search. Management Sci. 47(1):117–132.Link, Google Scholar
• Folta TB (1998) Governance and uncertainty: The trade-off between administrative control and commitment. Strategic Management J. 19(11):1007–1028.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gambardella A, Ganco M, Honoré F (2014) Using what you know: Patented knowledge in incumbent firms and employee entrepreneurship. Organ. Sci. 26(2):456–474.Link, Google Scholar
• Gompers P, Lerner J, Scharfstein D (2005) Entrepreneurial spawning: Public corporations and the genesis of new ventures, 1986 to 1999. J. Finance 60(2):577–614.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gould W, Pitblado J, Sribney W (2006) Maximum Likelihood Estimation with Stata (Stata Press, College Station, TX).Google Scholar
• Groysberg B, Lee LE, Nanda A (2008) Can they take it with them? The portability of star knowledge workers’ performance. Management Sci. 54(7):1213–1230.Link, Google Scholar
• Guo S, Fraser MW (2010) Propensity Score Analysis (SAGE, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
• Hagedoorn J (2003) Sharing intellectual property rights—an exploratory study of joint patenting amongst companies. Indust. Corporate Change 12(5):1035–1050.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hall BH, Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M (2001) The NBER patent citation data file: Lessons, insights and methodological tools. NBER Working Paper 8498, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hamel G (1991) Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management J. 12(S1):83–103.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Harhoff D, Narin F, Scherer FM, Vopel K (1999) Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions. Rev. Econom. Statist. 81(3):511–515.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Huckman RS, Pisano GP (2006) The firm specificity of individual performance: Evidence from cardiac surgery. Management Sci. 52(4):473–488.Link, Google Scholar
• Kim JY, Steensma HK (2017) Employee mobility, spin-outs, and knowledge spill-ins: How incumbent firms can learn from new ventures. Strategic Management J. 38(8):1626–1645.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Klepper S (2007) Disagreements, spinoffs, and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the U.S. automobile industry. Management Sci. 53(4):616–631.Link, Google Scholar
• Klepper S (2015) Experimental Capitalism: The Nanoeconomics of American High-Tech Industries (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Klepper S, Sleeper S (2005) Entry by spinoffs. Management Sci. 51(8):1291–1306.Link, Google Scholar
• Kogut B, Zander U (1992) Knowledge of the firm, combinative capabilities, and the replication of technology. Organ. Sci. 3(3):383–397.Link, Google Scholar
• Koza MP, Lewin AY (1998) The co-evolution of strategic alliances. Organ. Sci. 9(3):255–264.Link, Google Scholar
• Lane PJ, Koka BR, Pathak S (2006) The reification of absorptive capacity: A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct. Acad. Management Rev. 31(4):833–863.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lanjouw JO, Schankerman M (2004) Patent quality and research productivity: Measuring innovation with multiple indicators. Econom. J. 114(495):441–465.Google Scholar
• Larsson R, Bengtsson L, Henriksson K, Sparks J (1998) The interorganizational learning dilemma: Collective knowledge development in strategic alliances. Organ. Sci. 9(3):285–305.Link, Google Scholar
• Lavie D, Haunschild PR, Khanna P (2012) Organizational differences, relational mechanisms, and alliance performance. Strategic Management J. 33(13):1453–1479.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levinthal DA, March JB (1993) The myopia of learning. Strategic Management J. 14(S1):95–112.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levitt B, March JB (1988) Organizational learning. Annual Rev. Sociol. 14(1):319–340.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.Link, Google Scholar
• March JG, Schulz M, Zhou X (2000) The Dynamics of Rules: Change in Written Organizational Codes (Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Marco AC, Carley M, Jackson S, Myers AF (2015) The USPTO Historical Patent Data Files. USPTO Economic Working Paper (2015-1), USPTO, Alexandria, VA.Google Scholar
• Marx M (2011) The firm strikes back non-compete agreements and the mobility of technical professionals. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 76(5):695–712.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mawdsley JK, Somaya D (2016) Employee mobility and organizational outcomes an integrative conceptual framework and research agenda. J. Management. 42(1):85–113.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McKendrick DG, Wade JB, Jaffe J (2009) A good riddance? Spin-offs and the technological performance of parent firms. Organ. Sci. 20(6):979–992.Link, Google Scholar
• Moore G, Davis K (2004) Learning the Silicon Valley way. Bresnahan T, Gambardella A, eds. Building High-Tech Clusters: Silicon Valley and Beyond (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 7–39.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mowery DC, Oxley JE, Silverman BS (1996) Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):77–91.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nelson RR, Winter SG, (1982) The Schumpeterian tradeoff revisited. Amer. Econom. Rev. 72(1):114–132.Google Scholar
• Nerkar A (2003) Old is gold? The value of temporal exploration in the creation of new knowledge. Management Sci. 49(2):211–229.Link, Google Scholar
• OECD (2002) Measuring the Information Economy (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris).Google Scholar
• Osborn RN, Hagedoorn J (1997) The institutionalization and evolutionary dynamics of interorganizational alliances and networks. Acad. Management J. 40(2):261–278.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Palomeras N, Melero E (2010) Markets for inventors: Learning-by-hiring as a driver of mobility. Management Sci. 56(5):881–895.Link, Google Scholar
• PatentsView (2015) Patent database search tool. Accessed May 13, 2015, http://www.patentsview.org.Google Scholar
• Phillips DJ (2002) A genealogical approach to organizational life chances: The parent-progeny transfer among Silicon Valley law firms, 1946–1996. Admin. Sci. Quart. 47(3):474–506.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf L, Almeida P (2003) Overcoming local search through alliances and mobility. Management Sci. 49(6):751–766.Link, Google Scholar
• Rosenkopf L, Nerkar A (2001) Beyond local search: Boundary-spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disc industry. Strategic Management J. 22(4):287–306.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schildt HA, Maula MV, Keil T (2005) Explorative and exploitative learning from external corporate ventures. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice 29(4):493–515.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Semadeni M, Cannella AA (2011) Examining the performance effects of post spinoff links to parent firms: Should the apron strings be cut? Strategic Management J. 32(10):1083–1098.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Serrano CJ (2010) The dynamics of the transfer and renewal of patents. RAND J. Econom. 41(4):686–708.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Singh J (2005) Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns. Management Sci. 51(5):756–770.Link, Google Scholar
• Song J, Almeida P, Wu G (2003) Learning-by-hiring: When is mobility more likely to facilitate interfirm knowledge transfer? Management Sci. 49(4):351–365.Link, Google Scholar
• Stinchcombe AL (1965) Organizations and social structure. Handbook Organ. 44(2):142–193.Google Scholar
• Stuart TE, Podolny JM (1996) Local search and the evolution of technological capabilities. Strategic Management J. S17:21–38.Google Scholar
• Vasudeva G, Anand J (2011) Unpacking absorptive capacity: A study of knowledge utilization from alliance portfolios. Acad. Management J. 54(3):611–623.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Venkatraman N (1989) The concept of fit in strategy research: Toward verbal and statistical correspondence. Acad. Management Rev. 14(3):423–444.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wadhwa A, Kotha S (2006) Knowledge creation through external venturing: Evidence from the telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry. Acad. Management J. 49(4):819–835.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wezel FC, Cattani G, Pennings JM (2006) Competitive implications of interfirm mobility. Organ. Sci. 17(6):691–709.Link, Google Scholar