Effects of an Advancing Tenure on CEO Cognitive Complexity

References

• American National Corpus Project (2015) Open American National Corpus. Accessed September 9, 2016, http://www.anc.org/data/oanc.Google Scholar
• Andrews KR (1971) The Concept of Corporate Strategy (Jones-Irwin, Homewood, IL).Google Scholar
• Ansoff HI (1979) Strategic Management (Macmillan Press, London).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bagozzi RP, Yi Y (1988) On the evaluation of structural equation models. J. Acad. Marketing Sci. 16(1):74–94.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bertrand M, Schoar A (2003) Managing with style: The effect of managers on firm policies. Quart. J. Econom. 118(4):1169–1208.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bieri J (1955) Cognitive complexity-simplicity and predictive behavior. J. Abnormal Soc. Psych. 51(2):263–268.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Billings RS, Milburn TW, Schaalman ML (1980) A model of crisis perception: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Admin. Sci. Quart. 25(2):300–316.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Boeker W (1997) Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth. Acad. Management J. 40(1):152–170.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bourgeois LJ, Singh JV (1983) Organizational slack and political behavior among top management teams. Acad. Management Proc. 1983(1):43–47.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brill E (1992) A simple rule-based part of speech tagger. Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Harriman, New York (Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, San Francisco), 112–116.Google Scholar
• Briscoe F, Chin MK, Hambrick DC (2014) CEO ideology as an element of the corporate opportunity structure for social activists. Acad. Management J. 57(6):1786–1809.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brockmann EN, Simmonds PG (1997) Strategic decision making: The influence of CEO experience and use of tacit knowledge. J. Managerial Issues 9(4):454–467.Google Scholar
• Bundy J, Pfarrer MD, Short CE, Coombs WT (2017) Crises and crisis management: Integration, interpretation, and research development. J. Management 43(6):1661–1692.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Busenitz LW, Barney JB (1997) Differences between entrepreneurs and managers in large organizations: Biases and heuristics in strategic decision-making. J. Bus. Venturing 12(1):9–30.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bushee BJ, Matsumoto DA, Miller GS (2004) Managerial and investor responses to disclosure regulation: The case of Reg FD and conference calls. Accounting Rev. 79(3):617–643.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Bushway S, Johnson BD, Slocum LA (2007) Is the magic still there? The use of the Heckman two-step correction for selection bias in criminology. J. Quant. Criminology 23(2):151–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cain MD, McKeon SB (2016) CEO personal risk-taking and corporate policies. J. Financial Quant. Anal. 51(1):139–164.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Calori R, Johnson G, Sarnin P (1994) CEOs cognitive maps and the scope of the organization. Strategic Management J. 15(6):437–457.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cannella AA, Shen W (2001) So close and yet so far: Promotion vs. exit for CEO heirs apparent. Acad. Management J. 44(2):252–270.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carpenter MA, Sanders WG, Gregersen HB (2001) Bundling human capital with organizational context: The impact of international assignment experience on multinational firm performance and CEO pay. Acad. Management J. 44(3):493–511.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Caspi A, Roberts BW, Shiner RL (2005) Personality development: Stability and change. Annual Rev. Psych. 56(1):453–484.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ceci SJ, Liker JK (1986) A day at the races: A study of IQ, expertise, and cognitive complexity. J. Experiment. Psych. General 115(3):255–266.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chen S, Matsumoto DA (2006) Favorable vs. unfavorable recommendations: The impact on analyst access to management-provided information. J. Accounting Res. 44(4):657–689.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chi MTH, Feltovich PJ, Glaser R (1981) Categorization and representation of physics problems by experts and novices. Cognitive Sci. 5(2):121–152.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cho TS, Hambrick DC (2006) Attention as the mediator between top management team characteristics and strategic change: The case of airline deregulation. Organ. Sci. 17(4):453–469.Link, Google Scholar
• Conway LG, Conway KR, Gornick LJ, Houck SC (2014) Automated integrative complexity. Political Psych. 35(5):603–624.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Crilly D, Hansen M, Zollo M (2016) The grammar of decoupling: A cognitive-linguistic perspective on firms’ sustainability claims and stakeholders’ interpretation. Acad. Management J. 59(2):705–729.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Crockett WH (1965) Cognitive complexity and impression formation. Progress Experiment. Personality Psychopathology Res. 2:47–90.Google Scholar
• Crossland C, Zyung J, Hiller NJ, Hambrick DC (2014) CEO career variety: Effects on firm-level strategic and social novelty. Acad. Management J. 57(3):652–674.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cyert RM, March JG (1963) A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (Prentice-Hall, New York).Google Scholar
• Daily CM, Johnson JL (1997) Sources of CEO power and firm financial performance: A longitudinal assessment. J. Management 23(2):97–117.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dane E (2010) Reconsidering the trade-off between expertise and flexibility: A cognitive entrenchment perspective. Acad. Management Rev. 35(4):579–603.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dess GG, Beard DW (1984) Dimensions of organizational task environments. Admin. Sci. Quart. 29(1):52–73.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Downey HK, Slocum JW (1982) Managerial uncertainty and performance. Soc. Sci. Quart. 63(2):195–207.Google Scholar
• Duriau VJ, Reger RK, Pfarrer MD (2007) A content analysis of the content analysis literature in organization studies: Research themes, data sources, and methodological refinements. Organ. Res. Methods 10(1):5–34.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eden C (1992) On the nature of cognitive maps. J. Management Stud. 29(3):261–265.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Eggers JP, Kaplan S (2009) Cognition and renewal: Comparing CEO and organizational effects on incumbent adaptation to technical change. Organ. Sci. 20(2):461–477.Link, Google Scholar
• Eisenhardt KM (1989) Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments. Acad. Management J. 32(3):543–576.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ericsson KA (2005) Recent advances in expertise research: A commentary on the contributions to the special issue. Appl. Cognitive Psych. 19(2):233–241.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ericsson KA, Towne TJ (2010) Expertise. Wiley Interdisciplinary Rev. Cognitive Sci. 1(3):404–416.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ericsson KA, Krampe RT, Tesch-Römer C (1993) The role of deliberate practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psych. Rev. 100(3):363–406.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S (1992) Power in top management teams: Dimensions, measurement, and validation. Acad. Management J. 35(3):505–538.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S (2019) Don’t be blinded by your own expertise. Harvard Bus. Rev. 97(3):153–158.Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S, Hambrick DC (1990) Top-management-team tenure and organizational outcomes: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Admin. Sci. Quart. 35(3):484–503.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Finkelstein S, Hambrick DC, Cannella AA (2009) Strategic Leadership: Theory and Research on Executives, Top Management, and Boards (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK).Google Scholar
• Fiol CM, Lyles MA (1985) Organizational learning. Acad. Management Rev. 10(4):803–813.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Flynn FJ, Staw BM (2004) Lend me your wallets: The effect of charismatic leadership on external support for an organization. Strategic Management J. 25(4):309–330.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Francis WN, Kucera H (1979) Manual of information to accompany a standard corpus of present-day edited American English, for use with digital computers. Accessed September 9, 2016, http://www.hit.uib.no/icame/brown/bcm.html.Google Scholar
• Gabarro JJ (1987) The Dynamics of Taking Charge (Harvard Business Press, Boston).Google Scholar
• Gamache DL, McNamara F, Mannor MJ, Johnson RE (2015) Motivated to acquire? The impact of CEO regulatory focus on firm acquisitions. Acad. Management J. 58(4):1261–1282.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G, Rivkin JW (2007) On the origin of strategy: Action and cognition over time. Organ. Sci. 18(3):420–439.Link, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G, Greve HR, Levinthal DA, Ocasio W (2012) The behavioral theory of the firm: Assessment and prospects. Acad. Management Ann. 6(1):1–40.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gobet F (2005) Chunking models of expertise: Implications for education. Appl. Cognitive Psych. 19(2):183–204.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Graf-Vlachy L (2017) IRA: Stata module to calculate rwg and related interrater agreement indices. Accessed November 5, 2019, https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s458422.html.Google Scholar
• Grant RM (1996) Toward a knowledge-based theory of the firm. Strategic Management J. 17(S2):109–122.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gruenfeld DH, Kim PH (2002) Relative power among the powerful: Effects on styles of reasoning. Working paper, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
• Gruenfeld DH, Keltner DJ, Anderson C (2003) The effects of power on those who possess it: How social structure can affect social cognition. Bodenhausen G, Lambert A, eds. Foundations of Social Cognition: A Festschrift in Honor of Robert S. Wyer, Jr. (Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ), 237–261.Google Scholar
• Guenther DA, Matsunaga SR, Williams BM (2016) Is tax avoidance related to firm risk? Accounting Rev. 92(1):115–136.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hahn T, Preuss L, Pinkse J, Figge F (2014) Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames. Acad. Management Rev. 39(4):463–487.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hale CL (1980) Cognitive complexity-simplicity as a determinant of communication effectiveness. Comm. Monographs 47(4):304–311.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC (1994) Top management groups: A conceptual integration and reconsideration of the “team” label. Res. Organ. Behav. 16:171–214.Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC (2007) Upper echelons theory: An update. Acad. Management Rev. 32(2):334–343.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC, Finkelstein S (1987) Managerial discretion: A bridge between polar views of organizational outcomes. Res. Organ. Behav. 9:369–406.Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC, Fukutomi GDS (1991) The seasons of a CEO’s tenure. Acad. Management Rev. 16(4):719–742.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC, Mason PA (1984) Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Acad. Management Rev. 9(2):193–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hambrick DC, Geletkanycz MA, Fredrickson JW (1993) Top executive commitment to the status quo: Some tests of its determinants. Strategic Management J. 14(6):401–418.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Heckman JJ (1979) Sample selection bias as a specification error. Econometrica 47(1):153–161.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Henderson AD, Miller D, Hambrick DC (2006) How quickly do CEOs become obsolete? Industry dynamism, CEO tenure, and company performance. Strategic Management J. 27(5):447–460.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hitt MA, Tyler BB (1991) Strategic decision models: Integrating different perspectives. Strategic Management J. 12(5):327–351.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hong H, Kubik JD (2003) Analyzing the analysts: Career concerns and biased earnings forecasts. J. Finance 58(1):313–351.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Houck SC, Conway LG III, Gornick LJ (2014) Automated integrative complexity: Current challenges and future directions. Political Psych. 35(5):647–659.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hurst DK, Rush JC, White RE (1989) Top management teams and organizational renewal. Strategic Management J. 10(S1):87–105.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kaplan S (2011) Research in cognition and strategy: Reflections on two decades of progress and a look to the future. J. Management Stud. 48(3):665–695.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Keats BW, Hitt MA (1988) A causal model of linkages among environmental dimensions, macro organizational characteristics, and performance. Acad. Management J. 31(3):570–598.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Keltner D, Gruenfeld DH, Anderson C (2003) Power, approach, and inhibition. Psych. Rev. 110(2):265–284.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kennedy C (2004) Comparatives, semantics. Barber A, Stainton RJ, eds. Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language and Linguistics (Elsevier, Oxford, UK), 68–71.Google Scholar
• Kish-Gephart JJ, Campbell JT (2015) You don’t forget your roots: The influence of CEO social class background on strategic risk taking. Acad. Management J. 58(6):1614–1636.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kline RB (2011) Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, 3rd ed. (Guilford Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Lampel J, Shamsie J, Shapira Z (2009) Experiencing the improbable: Rare events and organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 20(5):835–845.Link, Google Scholar
• Lawrence BS (1997) Perspective—The black box of organizational demography. Organ. Sci. 8(1):1–22.Link, Google Scholar
• LeBreton JM, Senter JL (2008) Answers to 20 questions about interrater reliability and interrater agreement. Organ. Res. Methods 11(4):815–852.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lee L (1983) Generalized econometric models with selectivity. Econometrica 51(2):507–512.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lerner JS, Tetlock PE (1999) Accounting for the effects of accountability. Psych. Bull. 125(2):255–275.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Loughran T, McDonald B (2011) When is a liability not a liability? Textual analysis, dictionaries, and 10Ks. J. Finance 66(1):35–65.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Maak T, Pless NM, Voegtlin C (2016) Business statesman or shareholder advocate? CEO responsible leadership styles and the micro-foundations of political CSR. J. Management Stud. 53(3):463–493.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Malhotra M, Reus TH, Zhu P, Roelofsen EM (2018) The acquisitive nature of extraverted CEOs. Admin. Sci. Quart. 63(2):370–408.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Malmendier U, Tate G (2005) CEO overconfidence and corporate investment. J. Finance 60(6):2661–2700.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Martin MM, Rubin RB (1995) A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psych. Rep. 76(2):623–626.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McClelland PL, Liang X, Barker VL (2010) CEO commitment to the status quo: Replication and extension using content analysis. J. Management 36(5):1251–1277.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McDonald ML, Westphal JD (2003) Getting by with the advice of their friends: CEOs’ advice networks and firms’ strategic responses to poor performance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(1):1–32.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McNamara GM, Luce RA, Thompson GH (2002) Examining the effect of complexity in strategic group knowledge structures on firm performance. Strategic Management J. 23(2):153–170.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Menasco MB, Curry DJ (1978) An assessment of the role construct repertory test. Appl. Psych. Measurement 2(3):361–369.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Meyer A, Brooks G, Goes J (1990) Environmental jolts and industry revolutions: Organizational responses to discontinuous change. Strategic Management J. 11(SI):93–110.Google Scholar
• Meyer AD (1982) Adapting to environmental jolts. Admin. Sci. Quart. 27(4):515–537.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miller D (1991) Stale in the saddle: CEO tenure and the match between organization and environment. Management Sci. 37(1):34–52.Link, Google Scholar
• Miller D (1993) The architecture of simplicity. Acad. Management Rev. 18(1):116–138.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miller D, Shamsie J (1996) The resource-based view of the firm in two environments: The Hollywood film studios from 1936 to 1965. Acad. Management J. 39(3):519–543.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miller D, Shamsie J (2001) Learning across the life cycle: Experimentation and performance among the Hollywood studio heads. Strategic Management J. 22(8):725–745.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mintzberg H (1973) The Nature of Managerial Work (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).Google Scholar
• Moore C, Tenbrunsel AE (2014) “Just think about it”? Cognitive complexity and moral choice. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 123(2):138–149.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nadkarni S, Herrmann POL (2010) CEO personality, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The case of the Indian business process outsourcing industry. Acad. Management J. 53(5):1050–1073.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nadkarni S, Narayanan VK (2007) Strategic schemas, strategic flexibility, and firm performance: The moderating role of industry clockspeed. Strategic Management J. 28(3):243–270.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Neuendorf KA (2017) The Content Analysis Guidebook, 2nd ed. (Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ng TWH, Feldman DC (2013) Does longer job tenure help or hinder job performance? J. Vocational Behav. 83(3):305–314.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Nonaka I (1994) A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organ. Sci. 5(1):14–37.Link, Google Scholar
• Nutt PC (1993) Flexible decision styles and the choices of top executives. J. Management Stud. 30(5):695–721.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ocasio W (1994) Political dynamics and the circulation of power: CEO succession in U.S. industrial corporations, 1960-1990. Admin. Sci. Quart. 39(2):285–312.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Ocasio W (1997) Toward an attention-based view of the firm. Strategic Management J. 18:187–206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• O’Reilly CA, Tushman ML (2013) Organizational ambidexterity: Past, present, and future. Acad. Management Perspect. 27(4):324–338.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pan L, McNamara G, Lee JJ, Haleblian J, Devers CE (2018) Give it to us straight (most of the time): Top managers’ use of concrete language and its effect on investor reactions. Strategic Management J. 39(8):2204–2225.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pennebaker JW, King LA (1999) Linguistic styles: Language use as an individual difference. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 77(6):1296–1312.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pennebaker JW, Stone LD (2003) Words of wisdom: Language use over the life span. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 85(2):291–301.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pennebaker JW, Booth RJ, Francis ME (2007) Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count: LIWC (University of Texas, Austin).Google Scholar
• Pennebaker JW, Mehl MR, Niederhoffer KG (2003) Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Rev. Psych. 54(1):547–577.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pennebaker JW, Boyd RL, Jordan K, Blackburn K (2015) The Development and Psychometric Properties of LIWC2015 (University of Texas, Austin).Google Scholar
• Pollock TG, Fischer HM, Wade JB (2002) The role of power and politics in the repricing of executive options. Acad. Management J. 45(6):1172–1182.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Porter ME, Nohria N (2018) How CEOs manage time. Harvard Bus. Rev. 96(4):42–51.Google Scholar
• Priem RL, Rasheed AM, Kotulic AG (1995) Rationality in strategic decision processes, environmental dynamism and firm performance. J. Management 21(5):913–929.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reger RK, Huff AS (1993) Strategic groups: A cognitive perspective. Strategic Management J. 14(2):103–123.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Roberts BW, Wood D, Smith JL (2005) Evaluating five factor theory and social investment perspectives on personality trait development. J. Res. Personality 39(1):166–184.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Sartori AE (2003) An estimator for some binary-outcome selection models without exclusion restrictions. Political Anal. 11(2):111–138.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Savani K, King D (2015) Perceiving outcomes as determined by external forces: The role of event construal in attenuating the outcome bias. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 130(C):136–146.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schmid H (1994) Probabilistic part-of-speech tagging using decision trees. Proc. Internat. Conf. New Methods Language Processing, Manchester, UK, 44–49.Google Scholar
• Schneier CE (1979) Measuring cognitive complexity: Developing reliability, validity, and norm tables for a personality instrument. Educ. Psych. Measurement 39(3):599–612.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Scott WA (1962) Cognitive complexity and cognitive flexibility. Sociometry 25(4):405–414.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shen W, Cannella AA (2002) Power dynamics within top management and their impacts on CEO dismissal followed by inside succession. Acad. Management J. 45(6):1195–1206.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Shi W, Zhang Y, Hoskisson RE (2019) Examination of CEO–CFO social interaction through language style matching: Outcomes for the CFO and the organization. Acad. Management J. 62(2):383–414.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Siggelkow N (2001) Change in the presence of fit: The rise, the fall, and the renaissance of Liz Claiborne. Acad. Management J. 44(4):838–857.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Simon HA (1955) A behavioral model of rational choice. Quart. J. Econom. 69(1):99–118.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Simon HA, Chase WG (1973) Perception in chess. Cognitive Psych. 4(1):55–81.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Slatcher RB, Chung CK, Pennebaker JW, Stone LD (2007) Winning words: Individual differences in linguistic style among US presidential and vice presidential candidates. J. Res. Personality 41(1):63–75.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Smith WK, Tushman ML (2005) Managing strategic contradictions: A top management model for managing innovation streams. Organ. Sci. 16(5):453–562.Link, Google Scholar
• Starbuck WH (2009) Perspective—Cognitive reactions to rare events: Perceptions, uncertainty, and learning. Organ. Sci. 20(5):925–937.Link, Google Scholar
• StataCorp (2015) Stata Base Reference Manual Release 14 (Stata Press, College Station, TX).Google Scholar
• Staw BM, Sandelands LE, Dutton JE (1981) Threat rigidity effects in organizational behavior: A multilevel analysis. Admin. Sci. Quart. 26(4):501–524.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Streufert S, Streufert SC, Castore CH (1968) Leadership in negotiations and the complexity of conceptual structure. J. Appl. Psych. 52(3):218–223.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Strunk W, White E (2000) The Elements of Style (Macmillan, New York).Google Scholar
• Suedfeld P, Tetlock PE (2014) Integrative complexity at forty: Steps toward resolving the scoring dilemma. Political Psych. 35(5):597–601.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Suedfeld P, Cross RW, Brcic J (2011) Two years of ups and downs: Barack Obama’s patterns of integrative complexity, motive imagery, and values. Political Psych. 32(6):1007–1033.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Suedfeld P, Tetlock PE, Streufert S (1992) Conceptual/integrative complexity. Smith CP, Atkinson JW, McClelland DC, Veroff J, eds. Motivation and Personality: Handbook of Thematic Content Analysis (Cambridge University Press, New York), 393–400.Google Scholar
• Sutcliffe KM, Huber GP (1998) Firm and industry as determinants of executive perceptions of the environment. Strategic Management J. 19(8):793–807.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tausczik YR, Pennebaker JW (2010) The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. J. Language Soc. Psych. 29(1):24–54.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tetlock PE, Metz SE, Scott SE, Suedfeld P (2014) Integrative complexity coding raises integratively complex issues. Political Psych. 35(5):625–634.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Thoemmes FJ, Conway LG III (2007) Integrative complexity of 41 U.S. Presidents. Political Psych. 28(2):193–226.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Vannoy JS (1965) Generality of cognitive complexity-simplicity as a personality construct. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 2(3):385–396.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Veil SR (2011) Mindful learning in crisis management. J. Bus. Comm. 48(2):116–147.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Waller MJ, Huber GP, Glick WH (1995) Functional background as a determinant of executives’ selective perception. Acad. Management J. 38(4):943–974.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wally S, Baum JR (1994) Personal and structural determinants of the pace of strategic decision making. Acad. Management J. 37(4):932–956.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Walsh JP (1988) Top management turnover following mergers and acquisitions. Strategic Management J. 9(2):173–183.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Westphal JD, Zajac EJ (1995) Who shall govern? CEO/board power, demographic similarity, and new director selection. Admin. Sci. Quart. 40(1):60–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wong EM, Ormiston ME, Haselhuhn MP (2011a) A face only an investor could love: CEOs’ facial structure predicts their firms’ financial performance. Psych. Sci. 22(12):1478–1483.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wong EM, Ormiston ME, Tetlock PE (2011b) The effects of top management team integrative complexity and decentralized decision making on corporate social performance. Acad. Management J. 54(6):1207–1228.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wooldridge JM (2013) Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (Cengage Learning, Boston).Google Scholar
• Wu S, Levitas E, Priem RL (2005) CEO tenure and company invention under differing levels of technological dynamism. Acad. Management J. 48(5):859–873.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Young MD, Hermann MG (2014) Increased complexity has its benefits. Politial Psych. 35(5):635–645.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zajac EJ, Bazerman MH (1991) Blind spots in industry and competitor analysis: The implications of interfirm (mis)perceptions for strategic decisions. Acad. Management Rev. 16(1):37–56.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zajac EJ, Westphal JD (1996) Who shall succeed? How CEO/board preferences and power affect the choice of new CEOs. Acad. Management J. 39(1):64–90.Crossref, Google Scholar