Microlevel Analysis of Institutional Intermediation in a Rudimentary Market-Based Economy: Entrepreneurship in Kathmandu’s Indrachok Market

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1531

References

  • Aldrich HE, Cliff JE (2003) The pervasive effects of family on entrepreneurship: Toward a family embeddedness perspective. J. Bus. Venturing 18(5):573–596.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aldrich HE, Zimmer C (1986) Entrepreneurship through social networks. Sexton DL, Smilor RW, eds. The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship (Ballinger, New York), 3–23.Google Scholar
  • Armanios DE, Eesley CE (2021) How do institutional carriers alleviate normative and cognitive barriers to regulatory change? Organ. Sci., ePub February 26, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1434.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Armanios DE, Eesley CE, Li J, Eisenhardt KM (2017) How entrepreneurs leverage institutional intermediaries in emerging economies to acquire public resources. Strategic Management J. 38(7):1373–1390.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ashford J, Sowden R (1970) Multi-variate probit analysis. Biometrics 26(3):535–546.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bae TJ, Qian S, Miao C, Fiet JO (2014) The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta‐analytic review. Entrepreneurial Theory Practice 38(2):217–254.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baker T (2007) Resources in play: Bricolage in the toy store(y). J. Bus. Venturing 22(5):694–711.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baker T, Nelson RE (2005) Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Admin. Sci. Quart. 50(3):329–366.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baker T, Welter F (2020) Contextualizing Entrepreneurship Theory(Routledge, London).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Baker T, Miner AS, Eesley DT (2003) Improvising firms: Bricolage, account giving and improvisational competencies in the founding process. Res. Policy 32(2):255–276.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bamberger PA (2018) Amd—Clarifying what we are about and where we are going. Acad. Management Discovery 4(1):1–10.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bamberger PA, Pratt MG (2010) Moving forward by looking back: Reclaiming unconventional research contexts and samples in organizational scholarship. Acad. Management J. 53(4):665–671.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Battilana J (2006) Agency and institutions: The enabling role of individuals’ social position. Organization 13(5):653–676.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Battilana J, Leca B, Boxenbaum E (2009) How actors change institutions: Toward a theory of institutional entrepreneurship. Acad. Management Ann. 3(1):65–107.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Behfar K, Okhuysen GA (2018) Discovery within validation logic: Deliberately surfacing, complementing, and substituting abductive reasoning in hypothetico-deductive inquiry. Organ. Sci. 29(2):323–340.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Branstetter LG, Sakakibara M (2002) When do research consortia work well and why? Evidence from japanese panel data. Amer. Econom. Rev. 92(1):143–159.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bruton GD, Ahlstrom D, Li HL (2010) Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: Where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurial Theory Practice 34(3):421–440.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bruton G, Khavul S, Siegel D, Wright M (2015) New financial alternatives in seeding entrepreneurship: Microfinance, crowdfunding, and peer-to-peer innovations. Entrepreneurial Theory Practice 39(1):9–26.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Budhwar PS, Sparrow PR (1997) Evaluating levels of strategic integration and devolvement of human resource management in India. Internat. J. Human Resource Management 8(4):476–494.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Busch C, Barkema H (2021) From necessity to opportunity: Scaling bricolage across resource‐constrained environments. Strategic Management J. 42(4):741–773.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Catalini C (2018) Microgeography and the direction of inventive activity. Management Sci. 64(9):4348–4364.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Chan CSR, Patel PC, Phan PH (2020) Do differences among accelerators explain differences in the performance of member ventures? Evidence from 117 accelerators in 22 countries. Strategic Entrepreneural J. 14(2):224–239.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chib S, Greenberg E (1998) Analysis of multivariate probit models. Biometrika 85(2):347–361.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Clough DR, Fang TP, Vissa B, Wu A (2019) Turning lead into gold: How do entrepreneurs mobilize resources to exploit opportunities? Acad. Management Ann. 13(1):240–271.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Creed WD, DeJordy R, Lok J (2010) Being the change: Resolving institutional contradiction through identity work. Acad. Management J. 53(6):1336–1364.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Crilly D (2011) Predicting stakeholder orientation in the multinational enterprise: A mid-range theory. J. Internat. Bus. Stud. 42:694–717.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • DiMaggio PJ (1988) Interest and agency in institutional theory. Zucker LG, ed. Research on Institutional Patterns: Environment and Culture (Ballinger Publishing Co., Cambridge, MA), 15.Google Scholar
  • DiMaggio PJ, Powell WW (1991) Introduction. DiMaggio PJ, Powell W, eds. The New Institutionalism and Organizational Analysis (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), 1–38.Google Scholar
  • Dutt N, Hawn O, Vidal E, Chatterji A, McGahan A, Mitchell W(2016) How open system intermediaries address institutional failures: The case of business incubators in emerging-market countries. Acad. Management J. 59(3):818–840.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eberhart RN, Eesley CE (2018) The dark side of institutional intermediaries: Junior stock exchanges and entrepreneurship. Strategic Management J. 39(10):2643–2665.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eberhart R, Hoetker G (2012) Japanese firms’ innovation strategies in the twenty-first century: An institutional view. Assimakopoulos DG, Carayannis EG, Dossani R, eds. Knowledge Perspectives of New Product Development: A Comparative Approach (Springer, New York, 199–221.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eberhart RN, Eesley CE, Eisenhardt KM (2017) Failure is an option: Institutional change, entrepreneurial risk, and new firm growth. Organ. Sci. 28(1):93–112.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Edmondson AC, McManus SE (2007) Methodological fit in management field research. Acad. Management Rev. 32(4):1155–1179.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Feldman MS, Pentland BT (2003) Reconceptualizing organizational routines as a source of flexibility and change. Admin. Sci. Quart. 48(1):94–118.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fiss PC (2011) Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research. Acad. Management J. 54(2):393–420.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fritz MS, MacKinnon DP (2007) Required sample size to detect the mediated effect. Psych. Sci. 18(3):233–239.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ganco M, Kapoor R, Lee GK (2020) From rugged landscapes to rugged ecosystems: Structure of interdependencies and firms’ innovative search. Acad. Management Rev. 45(3):646–674.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • George G, Prabhu GN (2000) Developmental financial institutions as catalysts of entrepreneurship in emerging economies. Acad. Management Rev. 25(3):620–629.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gimeno J (2004) Competition within and between networks: The contingent effect of competitive embeddedness on alliance formation. Acad. Management J. 47(6):820–842.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Goswami K, Mitchell JR, Bhagavatula S (2018) Accelerator expertise: Understanding the intermediary role of accelerators in the development of the bangalore entrepreneurial ecosystem. Strategic Entrepreneurial. J. 12(1):117–150.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Greenwood R, Suddaby R (2006) Institutional entrepreneurship in mature fields: The big five accounting firms. Acad. Management J. 49(1):27–48.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Greif A, Milgrom P, Weingast BR (1994) Coordination, commitment, and enforcement: The case of the merchant guild. J. Political Econom. 102(4):745–776.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Howells J (2006) Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Res. Policy 35(5):715–728.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • International Labor Office (2008) An inventory of micro-insurance schemes in Nepal. Accessed June 3, 2021, https://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/socsec/step/download/714p1.pdf.Google Scholar
  • Jick TD (1979) Mixing qualitative and quantitative methods: Triangulation in action. Admin. Sci. Quart. 24(4):602–611.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Katz J (2001) From how to why: On luminous description and causal inference in ethnography (part i). Ethnography 2(4):443–473.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kirzner IM (1997) Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach. J. Econom. Literature 35(1):60–85.Google Scholar
  • Kistruck GM, Beamish PW, Qureshi I, Sutter CJ (2013) Social intermediation in base-of-the-pyramid markets. J. Management Stud. 50(1):31–66.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kivimaa P (2014) Government-affiliated intermediary organisations as actors in system-level transitions. Res. Policy 43(8):1370–1380.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lawrence T, Suddaby R, Leca B (2011) Institutional work: Refocusing institutional studies of organization. J. Management Inquiry 20(1):52–58.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Le NTB, Nguyen TV (2009) The impact of networking on bank financing: The case of small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam. Entrepreneurial Theory Practice 33(4):867–887.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lee R (2016) Education in Nepal. Accessed June 3, 2021, http://www.borgenmagazine.com/education-in-Nepal/.Google Scholar
  • Lounsbury M, Crumley ET (2007) New practice creation: An institutional perspective on innovation. Organ. Stud. 28(7):993–1012.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lowry PB, Gaskin J (2014) Partial least squares (pls) structural equation modeling (sem) for building and testing behavioral causal theory: When to choose it and how to use it. IEEE Trans. Professional Comm. 57(2):123–146.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Maguire S, Hardy C, Lawrence TB (2004) Institutional entrepreneurship in emerging fields: HIV/AIDS treatment advocacy in Canada. Acad. Management J. 47(5):657–679.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mair J, Marti I (2009) Entrepreneurship in and around institutional voids: A case study from bangladesh. J. Bus. Venturing 24(5):419–435.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mair J, Martí I, Ventresca MJ (2012) Building inclusive markets in rural Bangladesh: How intermediaries work institutional voids. Acad. Management J. 55(4):819–850.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mair J, Wolf M, Seelos C (2016) Scaffolding: A process of transforming patterns of inequality in small-scale societies. Acad. Management J. 59(6):2021–2044.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mayer KJ, Argyres NS (2004) Learning to contract: Evidence from the personal computer industry. Organ. Sci. 15(4):394–410.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • McDonald RM, Eisenhardt KM (2019) Parallel play: Startups, nascent markets, and effective business-model design. Admin. Sci. Quart. 65(2):483–523.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • North DC (1990) Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Okhuysen G, Bonardi J-P (2011) The challenges of building theory by combining lenses. Acad. Management Rev. 36(1):6–11.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Oliver C (1991) Strategic responses to institutional processes. Acad. Management Rev. 16(1):145–179.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ozcan P, Santos FM (2015) The market that never was: Turf wars and failed alliances in mobile payments. Strategic Management J. 36(10):1486–1512.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pant SK (2015) Role of the family in entrepreneurship development in Nepali society. J. Nepalese Bus. Stud. 9(1):37–47.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pe’er A, Keil T (2013) Are all startups affected similarly by clusters? Agglomeration, competition, firm heterogeneity, and survival. J. Bus. Venturing 28(3):354–372.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pfeffer J, Salancik GR (1978) The External Control of Organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (Harper & Row, New York).Google Scholar
  • Pillai S, Gambardella A, Goldfarb B, King A (2020) Abduction and the problem of null. Proc. Academy of Management, ePub ahead of print July 29, https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2020.15012symposium.Google Scholar
  • Ployhart RE, Bartunek JM (2019) Editors’ comments: There is nothing so theoretical as good practice—A call for phenomenal theory. Acad. Management Rev. 44(3):493–497.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Powell WW, Colyvas JA (2008) Microfoundations of institutional theory. Greenwood R, Oliver C, Sahlin-Andersson K, Suddaby R, eds. The Sage Handbook of Organizational Institutionalism (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA), 276–298.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ragin CC (2008) Redesigning Social Inquiry: Fuzzy Sets and Beyond (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ragin CC (2014) The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative and Quantitative Strategies (University of California Press, Oakland).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ragin CC, Davey S (2016) Fuzzy-Set/Qualitative Comparative Analysis 3.0 (Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine).Google Scholar
  • Rao H, Monin P, Durand R (2003) Institutional change in toque ville: Nouvelle cuisine as an identity movement in french gastronomy. Amer. J. Sociol. 108(4):795–843.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rao H, Monin P, Durand R (2005) Border crossing: Bricolage and the erosion of categorical boundaries in french gastronomy. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 70(6):968–991.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Samila S, Sorenson O (2017) Community and capital in entrepreneurship and economic growth. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 82(4):770–795.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sampson RC (2007) R&D alliances and firm performance: The impact of technological diversity and alliance organization on innovation. Acad. Management J. 50(2):364–386.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Savada AM, ed. (1991) Nepal and Bhutan: Country Studies (Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC).Google Scholar
  • Scott WR (1995) Institutions and Organizations (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA).Google Scholar
  • Seo M-G, Creed WD (2002) Institutional contradictions, praxis, and institutional change: A dialectical perspective. Acad. Management Rev. 27(2):222–247.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Shakya M (2008) Cultural Capital and Entrepreneurship in Nepal: The Readymade Garment Industry as a Case Study (London School of Economics and Political Science, London).Google Scholar
  • Shan W, Walker G, Kogut B (1994) Interfirm cooperation and startup innovation in the biotechnology industry. Strategic Management J. 15(5):387–394.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Shane S, Venkataraman S (2000) Promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Acad. Management Rev. 25(1):217–226.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sigmund S, Semrau T, Wegner D (2015) Networking ability and the financial performance of new ventures: Moderating effects of venture size, institutional environment, and their interaction. J. Small Bus. Management 53(1):266–283.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sine WD, David RJ (2010) Institutions and entrepreneurship. Res. Sociol. Work 21(1):1–26.Google Scholar
  • Sine WD, David RJ, Mitsuhashi H (2007) From plan to plant: Effects of certification on operational start-up in the emergent independent power sector. Organ. Sci. 18(4):578–594.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Suddaby R, Bruton GD, Si SX (2015) Entrepreneurship through a qualitative lens: Insights on the construction and/or discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity. J. Bus. Venturing 30(1):1–10.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sutter C, Webb J, Kistruck G, Ketchen DJ, Ireland RD (2017) Transitioning entrepreneurs from informal to formal markets. J. Bus. Venturing 32(4):420–442.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tavory I, Timmermans S (2014) Abductive Analysis: Theorizing Qualitative Research (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • The Kathmandu Post (2015) State absence. Accessed April 29, 2015, http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-04-29/state-absence.html.Google Scholar
  • The Nepali Times (2001) Wake up, lawmakers! We have yet to be grouped with failed nation-states. Accessed November 13, 2019, http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=8753#.Xcuwl1dKhaS.Google Scholar
  • The Nepali Times (2007) Back in time: Nearly a century after these photographs were taken much has changed in kathmandu, but much remains the same. Accessed November 13, 2019, http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=13568#.XcvAHVdKhaS.Google Scholar
  • The Nepali Times (2010) Empowering young entrepreneurs: Change fusion Nepal helps transform job seekers into job providers. Accessed November 13, 2019, http://archive.nepalitimes.com/news.php?id=17591#.XcvCT1dKhaT.Google Scholar
  • The Nepali Times (2016) Waiting for an industrial revolution: Failure to foster entrepreneurship is driving Nepalis abroad for work. Accessed November 13, 2019, https://archive.nepalitimes.com/regular-columns/Economic-Class/waiting-for-an-industrial-revolution,784.Google Scholar
  • Timmermans S, Tavory I (2012) Theory construction in qualitative research: From grounded theory to abductive analysis. Sociol. Theory 30(3):167–186.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Webb JW, Tihanyi L, Ireland RD, Sirmon DG (2009) You say illegal, I say legitimate: Entrepreneurship in the informal economy. Acad. Management Rev. 34(3):492–510.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Welter F, Baker T (2021) Moving contexts onto new roads: Clues from other disciplines. Entrepreneurial Theory Practice. 45(5):1154–1175.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Williamson OE (1991) Comparative economic organization: The analysis of discrete structural alternatives. Admin. Sci. Quart. 36(2):269–296.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • World Bank (2009) Micro-enterprise survey 2009: Nepal 2009. Accessed June 3, 2021, https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/115/related_materials.Google Scholar
  • World Bank (2017) Doing business 2017. Accessed June 3, 2021, https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB17-Report.pdf.Google Scholar
  • World Bank (2020) Doing business 2020. Accessed June 3, 2021, https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/688761571934946384/pdf/Doing-Business-2020-Comparing-Business-Regulation-in-190-Economies.pdf.Google Scholar
  • World Bank (2021) GDP per capita (current us$). Accessed June 2, 2021, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD.Google Scholar
  • Zhang Y, Li H (2010) Innovation search of new ventures in a technology cluster: The role of ties with service intermediaries. Strategic Management J. 31(1):88–109.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.