The Relative Effects of a Scandal on Member Engagement in Rites of Integration and Rites of Passage: Evidence from a Child Abuse Scandal in the Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16682

References

  • Adut A (2005) A theory of scandal: Victorians, homosexuality, and the fall of Oscar Wilde. Amer. J. Sociol. 111(1):213–248.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Adut A (2008) On Scandal: Moral Disturbances in Society, Politics, and Art (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).Google Scholar
  • Albert S, Whetten DA (1985) Organizational identity. Res. Organ. Behav. 7:263–295.Google Scholar
  • Allaire Y, Firsirotu ME (1984) Theories of organizational culture. Organ. Stud. 5(3):193–226.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Lange D (2016) Beware of organizational saints: How a moral self-concept may foster immoral behavior. Palmer D, Smith-Crowe K, Greenwood R, eds. Organizational Wrongdoing: Key Perspectives and New Directions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 305–336.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Mael F (1989) Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Management Rev. 14(1):20–39.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Schinoff BS (2016) Identity under construction: How individuals come to define themselves in organizations. Annu. Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav. 3:111–137.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Harrison SH, Corley KG (2008) Identification in organizations: An examination of four fundamental questions. J. Management 34(3):325–374.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Aven BL (2015) The paradox of corrupt networks: An analysis of organizational crime at Enron. Organ. Sci. 26(4):980–996.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Barlow MA, Verhaal JC, Hoskins JD (2018) Guilty by association: Product-level category stigma and audience expectations in the US craft beer industry. J. Management 44(7):2934–2960.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Barnett ML, King AA (2008) Good fences make good neighbors: A longitudinal analysis of an industry self-regulatory institution. Acad. Management J. 51(6):1150–1170.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bartel CA, Baldi C, Dukerich JM (2016) Fostering stakeholder identification through expressed organizational identities. Pratt MG, Schultz M, Ashforth BE, Ravasi D, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Organizational Identity (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK), 474–493.Google Scholar
  • Beyer J, Niño D (2001) Culture as a source, expression, and reinforcer of emotions in organizations. Payne RL, Cooper CL, eds. Emotions at Work: Theory, Research, and Applications for Management (Wiley, Chichester, UK), 173–197.Google Scholar
  • Bidwell M, Mollick E (2015) Shifts and ladders: Comparing the role of internal and external mobility in managerial careers. Organ. Sci. 26(6):1629–1645.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • BishopAccountability.org, Inc. (2017) Database of publicly accused priests. Retrieved November 2013, http://bishopaccountability.org/.Google Scholar
  • Bottan NL, Perez-Truglia R (2015) Losing my religion: The effects of religious scandals on religious participation and charitable giving. J. Public Econom. 129:106–119.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bourne PG (1967) Some observations on the psychosocial phenomena seen in basic training. Psychiatry 30(2):187–196.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bowles N (2020) God is dead. So is the office. These people want to save both. New York Times (August 20), https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/28/business/remote-work-spiritual-consultants.html.Google Scholar
  • Brewster KL, Cooksey EC, Guilkey DK, Rindfuss RR (1998) The changing impact of religion on the sexual and contraceptive behavior of adolescent women in the United States. J. Marriage Family 60(2):493–504.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bundy J, Iqbal F, Pfarrer MD (2021) Reputations in flux: How a firm defends its multiple reputations in response to different violations. Strategic Management J. 42(6):1109–1138.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Bussgang J, Bacon J (2020) When community becomes your competitive advantage. Harvard Bus. Rev. (January 21), https://hbr.org/2020/01/when-community-becomes-your-competitive-advantage.Google Scholar
  • Callaway B, Sant’Anna PHC (2021) Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. J. Econometrics 225(2):200–230.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • CARA (2007) Marriage in the Catholic Church: A survey of U.S. Catholics. Accessed December 11, 2023, https://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/marriage-and-family/upload/marriage_report.pdf.Google Scholar
  • CARA (2008) Sacraments today: Belief and practice among U.S. Catholics. Accessed December 11 2023, https://www.ltrr.arizona.edu/∼katie/kt/misc/omos/0-Congregational%20Life%20Surveys/CLS/CARA-sacramentsreport.pdf.Google Scholar
  • Clemente M, Gabbioneta C (2017) How do media frame corporate scandals? The case of German newspapers and the Volkswagen diesel scandal. J. Management Inquiry 26(3):287–302.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Collett JL, Lizardo O (2009) A power-control theory of gender and religiosity. J. Sci. Study Religion 48(2):213–231.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Conlin M, Edmondson G, Palmer AT, Palmeri C, Pascual AM (2002) The U.S. Catholic Church: How it works. BusinessWeek (April 15).Google Scholar
  • Cummings LL (1983) The logics of management. Acad. Management Rev. 8(4):532–538.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Curtis JE, Baer DE, Grabb EG (2001) Nations of joiners: Explaining voluntary association membership in democratic societies. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 66(6):783–805.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Dacin MT, Munir K, Tracey P (2010) Formal dining at Cambridge colleges: Linking ritual performance and institutional maintenance. Acad. Management J. 53(6):1393–1418.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Davis JP, Eisenhardt KM, Bingham CB (2007) Developing theory through simulation methods. Acad. Management Rev. 32(2):480–499.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Daily Mirror (2003) Voice of the Daily Mirror – Vatican shame. (August 18), 6.Google Scholar
  • Dewan Y, Jensen M (2020) Catching the big fish: The role of scandals in making status a liability. Acad. Management J. 63(5):1652–1678.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Deal TE, Kennedy AA (1982) Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA).Google Scholar
  • Devers CE, Dewett T, Mishina Y, Belsito CA (2009) A general theory of organizational stigma. Organ. Sci. 20(1):154–171.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Dion M (1996) Organizational culture as matrix of corporate ethics. Internat. J. Organ. Anal. 4(4):329–351.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Drake MS, Thornock JR, Twedt BJ (2017) The Internet as an information intermediary. Rev. Accounting Stud. 22:543–576.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Drenten J, Peters CO, Leigh T, Hollenbeck C (2009) Not just a party in the parking lot: An exploratory investigation of the motives underlying the ritual commitment of football tailgaters. Sport Marketing Quart. 18(2):92–106.Google Scholar
  • Dutton JE, Dukerich JM, Harquail CV (1994) Organizational images and member identification. Admin. Sci. Quart. 39(2):239–263.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ellison CG, Echevarría S, Smith B (2005) Religion and abortion attitudes among US Hispanics: Findings from the 1990 Latino national political survey. Soc. Sci. Quart. 86(1):192–208.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Elsbach KD, Kramer RM (1996) Members’ responses to organizational identity threats: Encountering and countering the Business Week rankings. Admin. Sci. Quart. 41(3):442–476.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Eury JL, Kreiner GE, Treviño LK, Gioia DA (2018) The past is not dead: Legacy identification and alumni ambivalence in the wake of the Sandusky scandal at Penn State. Acad. Management J. 61(3):826–856.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ewick P, Steinberg MW (2019) Beyond Betrayal: The Priest Sex Abuse Crisis, the Voice of the Faithful, and the Process of Collective Identity (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Flammer C (2013) Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors. Acad. Management J. 56(3):758–781.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fine GA (1984) Negotiated orders and organizational cultures. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 10:239–262.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fiske ST, Taylor SE (2008) Social Cognition. From Brains to Culture (McGraw Hill, New York).Google Scholar
  • Graffin SD, Bundy J, Porac JF, Wade JB, Quinn DP (2013) Falls from grace and the hazards of high status: The 2009 British MP expense scandal and its impact on parliamentary elites. Admin. Sci. Quart. 58(3):313–345.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Graham JW, Organ DW (1993) Commitment and the covenantal organization. J. Management Issue 5(4):483–502.Google Scholar
  • Graham KA, Pompilio N (2005) Faith strong despite scandal; Area Catholics are angry, but some call the idea of leaving the church unfathomable. Philadelphia Inquirer (September 25), A01.Google Scholar
  • Grand Jury Report (2005) Report of the Grand Jury. Court of Common Pleas First Judicial District of Pennsylvania Criminal Trial Division. MISC. NO. 03–00–239.Google Scholar
  • Grandey AA, Krannitz MA, Slezak T (2013) We are … more than football: Three stories of identity threat by Penn State insiders. Industry Organ. Psych. 6(2):134–140.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Grandey AA, Krannitz MA, Slezak T (2015) On the front lines: Stakeholder threat cues determine how identified employees cope with scandal. J. Occupational Health Psych. 20(3):388–403.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Greve HR, Palmer D, Pozner J-E (2010) Organizations gone wild: The causes, processes, and consequences of organizational misconduct. Acad. Management Ann. 4(1):53–107.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gusfield JR, Michalowicz J (1984) Secular symbolism: Studies of ritual, ceremony, and the symbolic order in modern life. Annu. Rev. Sociol. 10:417–435.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gutierrez B, Howard-Grenville J, Scully MA (2010) The faithful rise up: Split identification and an unlikely change effort. Acad. Management J. 53(4):673–699.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hagen M (2005) The Temple/Inquirer poll, public reaction to the Catholic Church scandal in Philadelphia. Report, Temple University Institute for Public Affairs, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
  • Hallier J, James P (1999) Group rites and trainer wrongs in employee experiences of job change. J. Management Stud. 36(1):45–67.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Harris SG, Sutton RI (1986) Functions of parting ceremonies in dying organizations. Acad. Management J. 29(1):5–30.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Harrison SH, Ashforth BE, Corley KG (2009) Organizational sacralization and sacrilege. Res. Organ. Behav. 29:225–254.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hastorf AH, Cantril H (1954) They saw a game: A case study. J. Abnormal Soc. Psych. 49(1):129–134.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hepp CK, Panaritis M (2002) Philadelphia grand jury will investigate abuse by priests. Philadelphia Inquirer (April 25), A01.Google Scholar
  • Higgins ET, Bargh JA (1987) Social cognition and social perception. Annu. Rev. Psych. 38(1):369–425.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hirschman AO (1970) Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
  • Hofmann DA, Stetzer A (1998) The role of safety climate and communication in accident interpretation: Implications for learning from negative events. Acad. Management J. 41(6):644–657.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hudson BA (2008) Against all odds: A consideration of core-stigmatized organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 33(1):252–266.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Huang L, Knight AP (2017) Resources and relationships in entrepreneurship: An exchange theory of the development and effects of the entrepreneur-investor relationship. Acad. Management Rev. 42(1):80–102.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hungerman DM (2013) Substitution and stigma: Evidence on religious markets from the Catholic sex abuse scandal. Amer. Econom. J. Econom. Policy 5(3):227–253.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Islam G, Zyphur MJ (2009) Rituals in organizations: A review and expansion of current theory. Group Organ. Management 34(1):114–139.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jaffe AB, Trajtenberg M, Henderson R (1993) Geographic localization of knowledge spillovers as evidenced by patent citations. Quart. J. Econom. 108:577–598.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jeong Y, Siegel JI (2018) Threat of falling high status and corporate bribery: Evidence from the revealed accounting records of two South Korean presidents. Strategic Management J. 39(4):1083–1111.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jonsson S, Greve HR, Fujiwara-Greve T (2009) Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(2):195–228.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kalnins A (2003) Hamburger prices and spatial econometrics. J. Econom. Management Strategy 12(4):591–616.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kane D, Park JM (2009) The puzzle of Korean Christianity: Geopolitical networks and religious conversion in early twentieth-century East Asia. Amer. J. Sociol. 115(2):365–404.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kertzer DI (1988) Ritual, Politics, and Power (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT).Google Scholar
  • Kotha R, Crama P, Kim PH (2018) Experience and signaling value in technology licensing contract payment structures. Acad. Management J. 61(4):1307–1342.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lange D, Washburn NT (2012) Understanding attributions of corporate social irresponsibility. Acad. Management Rev. 37(2):300–326.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lim C, Putnam RD (2010) Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 75(6):914–933.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lortie DC (1968) Shared ordeal and induction to work. Beeken H, Geer B, Riesman D, Weiss RS, eds. Institutions and the Person (Routledge, New York), 252–264.Google Scholar
  • Lungeanu R, Paruchuri S, Tsai W (2018) Stepping across for social approval: Ties to independent foundations’ boards after financial restatement. Strategic Management J. 39(4):1163–1187.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mael F, Ashforth BE (1992) Alumni and their alma mater: A partial test of the reformulated model of organizational identification. J. Organ. Behav. 13(2):103–123.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mancini C, Shields RT (2014) Notes on a (sex crime) scandal: The impact of media coverage of sexual abuse in the Catholic Church on public opinion. J. Criminal Justice 42(2):221–232.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Manson S, Schroeder J, Van Riper D, Ruggles S (2019) IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System: Version 14.0 (IPUMS, Minneapolis).Google Scholar
  • Marcus AA, Goodman RS (1991) Victims and shareholders: The dilemmas of presenting corporate policy during a crisis. Acad. Management J. 34(2):281–305.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Marino M, Parrotta P, Piazza A (2024) Categorical diversification as a barrier to (intra-organizaional) contamination. Working paper.Google Scholar
  • Marquis C, Lounsbury M, Greenwood R (2011) Introduction: Community as an Institutional Order and a Type of Organizing. Communities and Organizations (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mazmanian M, Beckman CM (2018) “Making” your numbers: Engendering organizational control through a ritual of quantification. Organ. Sci. 29(3):357–379.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • McPherson M, Smith-Lovin L, Cook JM (2001) Birds of a feather: Homophily in social networks. Annual Rev. Sociol. 27:415–444.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mechling J, Wilson DS (1988) Organizational festivals and the uses of ambiguity: The case of Picnic Day at Davis. Jones MO, Moore MD, Snyder RC, eds. Inside Organizations: Understanding the Human Dimension (Sage, Newbury Park, CA), 303–319.Google Scholar
  • Miller KD (2002) Competitive strategies of religious organizations. Strategic Management J. 23(5):435–456.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mohliver A (2019) How misconduct spreads: Auditors’ role in the diffusion of stock-option backdating. Admin. Sci. Quart. 64(2):310–336.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mohliver A, Ody-Brasier A (2023) Religious affiliation and wrongdoing: Evidence from U.S. nursing homes. Management Sci. 69(1):533–554.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Molotch H, Lester M (1974) News as purposive behavior: On the strategic use of routine events, accidents, and scandals. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 39(1):101–112.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Morrison EW, Robinson SL (1997) When employees feel betrayed: A model of how psychological contract violation develops. Acad. Management Rev. 22(1):226–256.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Myers SM (1996) An interactive model of religiosity inheritance: The importance of family context. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 61(5):858–866.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Naumovska I, Lavie D (2021) When an industry peer is accused of financial misconduct: Stigma vs. competition effects on non-accused firms. Admin. Sci. Quart. 66(4):1130–1172.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • O’Reilly D (2005) Poll finds doubts on abuse response—Most say they believe the church places its image before children’s welfare. Philadelphia Inquirer (November 16), A01.Google Scholar
  • Palmer D, Greenwood R, Smith-Crowe K (2016) Organizational Wrongdoing: Key Perspectives and New Directions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Paruchuri S, Misangyi VF (2015) Investor perceptions of financial misconduct: The heterogeneous contamination of bystander firms. Acad. Management J. 58(1):169–194.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pearson CM, Mitroff II (1993) From crisis prone to crisis prepared: A framework for crisis management. Acad. Management Perspective 7(1):48–59.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Petriglieri JL (2015) Co-creating relationship repair: Pathways to reconstructing destabilized organizational identification. Admin. Sci. Quart. 60(3):518–557.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pew (2019) Americans see Catholic clergy sex abuse as an ongoing problem. Accessed December 11, 2023, https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2019/06/11/americans-see-catholic-clergy-sex-abuse-as-an-ongoing-problem/.Google Scholar
  • Pfarrer MD, Pollock TG, Rindova VP (2010) A tale of two assets: The effects of firm reputation and celebrity on earnings surprises and investors’ reactions. Acad. Management J. 53(5):1131–1152.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Piazza A, Jourdan J (2018) When the dust settles: The consequences of scandals for organizational competition. Acad. Management J. 61(1):165–190.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Piazza A, Jourdan J (2024) The publicization of organizational misconduct: A social structural approach. AMJ 67(2):468–493.Google Scholar
  • Pollock TG, Mishina Y, Seo Y (2016) Falling stars: Celebrity, infamy, and the fall from (and return to) grace. Palmer D, Smith-Crowe K, Greenwood R, eds. Organizational Wrongdoing: Key Perspectives and New Directions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA), 235–269.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pontikes E, Negro G, Rao H (2010) Stained red: A study of stigma by association to blacklisted artists during the “Red Scare” in Hollywood, 1945 to 1960. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 75(3):456–478.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Portmann J (2009) Catholic Culture in the USA: In and Out of Church (Continuum, New York/Bloomsbury Publishing, London, UK).Google Scholar
  • Pratt MG (2000) The good, the bad, and the ambivalent: Managing identification among Amway distributors. Admin. Sci. Quart. 45(3):456–493.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ravasi D, Schultz M (2006) Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Acad. Management J. 49(3):433–458.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ravasi D, Rindova V, Stigliani I (2019) The stuff of legend: History, memory, and the temporality of organizational identity construction. Acad. Management J. 62(5):1523–1555.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rhee M, Haunschild PR (2006) The liability of good reputation: A study of product recalls in the US automobile industry. Organ. Sci. 17(1):101–117.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Rindova VP, Williamson IO, Petkova AP (2010) Reputation as an intangible asset: Reflections on theory and methods in two empirical studies of business school reputations. J. Management 36(3):610–619.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rohlen TP (1973) “Spiritual education” in a Japanese bank. Amer. Anthropology 75(5):1542–1562.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Roth J, Sant’Anna PHC, Bilinski A, Poe J (2023) What’s trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature. J. Econometrics 235(2):2218–2244.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Roulet TJ (2020) The Power of Being Divisive: Understanding Negative Social Evaluations (Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA).CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rubinkam M (2002) Philadelphia diocese finds sex abuse cases. Associated Press Online (February 22), asp0000020020222dy2m00jwu.Google Scholar
  • Ryan A (2008) ‘Occasional’ Catholics and the sacraments. Furrow 59(11):615–621.Google Scholar
  • Shalvi S, Gino F, Barkan R, Ayal S (2015) Self-serving justifications: Doing wrong and feeling moral. Current Direction Psych. Sci. 24(2):125–130.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Shi W, Connelly BL, Hoskisson RE (2017) External corporate governance and financial fraud: Cognitive evaluation theory insights on agency theory prescriptions. Strategic Management J. 38(6):1268–1286.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sims R (2009) Toward a better understanding of organizational efforts to rebuild reputation following an ethical scandal. J. Bus. Ethics 90(4):453–472.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Smidts A, Pruyn ATH, Van Riel CB (2001) The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Acad. Management J. 44(5):1051–1062.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Smith ACT, Stewart B (2011) Organizational rituals: Features, functions and mechanisms. Internat. J. Management Rev. 13(2):113–133.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Snow DA, Benford RD (1992) Master frames and cycles of protest. Morris AD, Mueller CM, eds. Frontiers in Social Movement Theory (Yale University Press, New Haven, CT), 133–155.Google Scholar
  • Stroube BK (2021) Using allegations to understand selection bias in organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 166:149–165.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Suchman MC (1995) Managing legitimacy: Strategic and institutional approaches. Acad. Management Rev. 20(3):571.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sullivan BN, Haunschild P, Page K (2007) Organizations non-gratae? The impact of unethical corporate acts on interorganizational networks. Organ. Sci. 18(1):55–70.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Sutton RI, Callahan AL (1987) The stigma of bankruptcy—Spoiled organizational image and its management. Acad. Management J. 30(3):405–436.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tracey P (2012) Religion and organization: A critical review of current trends and future directions. Acad. Management Ann. 6(1):87–134.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Trevino LK, Youngblood SA (1990) Bad apples in bad barrels: A causal analysis of ethical decision-making behavior. J. Appl. Psych. 75(4):378–385.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Trice HM, Beyer JM (1984) Studying organizational cultures through rites and ceremonials. Acad. Management Rev. 9(4):653–669.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Trice HM, Morand DA (1989) Rites of passage in work careers. Lawrence BS, Hall DT, Arthur MB, eds. Handbook of Career Theory (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 397–416.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Turner V (1974) Dramas, Fields and Metaphors: Symbolic Action in Human Society (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY).Google Scholar
  • Turner V (2004) Liminality and communitas. Bial H, ed. The Performance Studies Reader (Routledge, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK), 79–87.Google Scholar
  • van Gennep A (1960 [1909]) The Rites of Passage (University of Chicago Press, Chicago).Google Scholar
  • Van Maanen J (1973) Observations on the making of policemen. Human Organ. 32(4):407–418.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Vaught C, Smith DL (1980) Incorporation and mechanical solidarity in an underground coal mine. Sociol. Work Occupation 7(2):159–187.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Warren DE (2007) Corporate scandals and spoiled identities: How organizations shift stigma to employees. Bus. Ethics Quart. 17(3):477–496.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Whitehouse H, Lanman JA (2014) The ties that bind us: Ritual, fusion, and identification. Current Anthropology 55(6):674–695.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wowak AJ, Busenbark JR, Hambrick DC (2022) How do employees react when their CEO speaks out? Intra-and extra-firm implications of CEO sociopolitical activism. Admin. Sci. Quart. 67(2):553–593.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Yenkey CB (2016) Wrongdoing and market development: An examination of the distinct roles of trust and distrust. Palmer D, Smith-Crowe K, Greenwood R, eds. Organizational Wrongdoing: Key Perspectives and New Directions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 114–140.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Yenkey CB (2018) Fraud and market participation: Social relations as a moderator of organizational misconduct. Admin. Sci. Quart. 63(1):43–84.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zavyalova A, Pfarrer MD, Reger RK, Hubbard TD (2016) Reputation as a benefit and a burden? How stakeholders’ organizational identification affects the role of reputation following a negative event. Acad. Management J. 59(1):253–276.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zavyalova A, Pfarrer MD, Reger RK, Shapiro D (2012) Managing the message: The effects of firm actions and industry spillovers on media coverage following wrongdoing. Acad. Management J. 55(5):1079–1101.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Zorn ML, Shropshire C, Martin JA, Combs JG, Ketchen DJ Jr (2017) Home alone: The effects of lone-insider boards on CEO pay, financial misconduct, and firm performance. Strategic Management J. 38(13):2623–2646.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.