Microfoundations of Adaptive Search in Complex Tasks: The Role of Cognitive Abilities and Styles

References

• Ahuja G, Lampert MC, Tandon V (2008) Moving beyond Schumpeter: Management research on the determinants of technological innovation. Acad. Management Ann. 2(1):1–98.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Alessandretti L, Lehman S, Baronchelli A (2018) Understanding the interplay between social and spatial behaviour. EPJ Data Sci. 7:36.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Baumann O, Schmidt J, Stieglitz N (2019) Effective search in rugged performance landscapes: A review and outlook. J. Management 45(1):285–318.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Benito-Ostolaza JM, Hernandez P, Sanchis L (2016) Do individuals with higher cognitive ability play more strategically? J. Behav. Experiment. Econom. 64:5–11.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Berinsky AJ, Huber GA, Lenz GS (2012) Evaluating online labor markets for experimental research: Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk. Polit. Anal. 20(3):351–368.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Billinger S, Stieglitz N, Schumacher TR (2014) Search on rugged landscapes: An experimental study. Organ. Sci. 25(1):93–108.Link, Google Scholar
• Billinger S, Srikanth K, Stieglitz N, Schumacher TR (2021) Searching for superior alternatives: How human agents balance exploration and exploitation in complex search tasks. Strategic Management J. 42(2):361–385.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Boudreau KJ, Lakhani KR (2015) “Open” disclosure of innovations, incentives and follow-on reuse: Theory on processes of cumulative innovation and a field experiment in computational biology. Res. Policy 44:4–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Brändle F, Binz M, Schulz E (2021) Exploration beyond bandits. Preprint, submitted February 19, https://psyarxiv.com/9fnmj/.Google Scholar
• Browne MW, Cudeck R (1992) Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociol. Methods Res. 21(2):230–258.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Cacioppo JT, Petty RE (1982) The need for cognition. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 42(1):116–131.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carnabuci G, Dioszegi B (2015) Social networks, cognitive style, and innovative performance: A contingency perspective. Acad. Management J. 58(3):881–905.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Carroll JB (2003) The higher-stratum structure of cognitive abilities: Current evidence supports g and about ten broad factors. Nyborg H, ed. The Scientific Study of General Intelligence: Tribute to Arthur R. Jensen (Pergamon Press, New York), 5–21.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Casaletto KB, Heaton RK (2017) Neuropsychological assessment: Past and future. J. Internat. Neuropsych. Soc. 23(9–10):778–790.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chan D (1996) Cognitive misfit of problem-solving style at work: A facet of person-organization fit. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 68:194–207.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Chan T, Wang I, Ybarra O (2021) Leading and managing the workplace: The role of executive functions. Acad. Management Perspect. 35(1):142–164.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dams-O’Connor K, Gordon WA (2013) Integrating interventions after traumatic brain injury: A synergistic approach to neurorehabilitation. Brain Impairment 14(1):51–62.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Davis JP, Eisenhardt KM, Bingham CB (2007) Developing theory through simulation methods. Acad. Management Rev. 32(2):480–499.Crossref, Google Scholar
• de Jong ED, Watson RA, Thierens D (2005) A generator for hierarchical problems. Proc. 2005 Workshops GECCO’05 (ACM Press, New York), 321–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Denckla MB (1994) Measurement of executive function. Lyon GR, ed. Frames of Reference for the Assessment of Learning Disabilities: New Views on Measurement Issues (Paul H Brookes, Baltimore), 117–142.Google Scholar
• Derex M, Boyd R (2015) The foundations of the human cultural niche. Nat. Commun. 6(1):1–7.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Diamond A (2013) Executive functions. Annu. Rev. Psych. 64(1):135–168.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Diamond A, Ling DS (2016) Conclusions about interventions, programs, and approaches for improving executive functions that appear justified and those that, despite much hype, do not. Develoopmenta Cognitive Neurosci. 18:34–48.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dickinson D, McElroy T (2012) Circadian effects on strategic reasoning. Experiment. Econom. 15:444–459.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Doll BB, Simon DA, Daw ND (2012) The ubiquity of model-based reinforcement learning. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 22(6):1075–1081.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Dörner D, Funke J (2017) Complex problem solving: What it is and what it is not. Frontiers Psych. 8:1153.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Døjbak DH, Eskildsen JK, Argote L, Mønster D, Burton RM, Obel B (2016) Exploration vs. exploitation: Emotions and performance as antecedents and consequences of team decisions. Strategic Management J. 37(6):985–1001.Google Scholar
• Ederer F, Manso G (2013) Is pay for performance detrimental to innovation? Management Sci. 59(7):1496–1513.Link, Google Scholar
• Fang C, Lee J, Schilling MA (2010) Balancing exploration and exploitation through structural design: The isolation of subgroups and organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 21(3):625–642.Link, Google Scholar
• Felin T, Zenger TR (2014) Closed or open innovation? Problem solving and the governance choice. Res. Policy 43(5):914–925.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Felin T, Foss NJ, Ployhart RE (2015) The microfoundations movement in strategy and organization theory. Acad. Management Ann. 9(1):575–632.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L (2002) Finding the organizational sources of technological breakthroughs: The story of Hewlett‐Packard’s thermal ink‐jet. Indust. Corporate Change 11(5):1059–1084.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Fleming L, Sorenson O (2004) Science as a map in technological search. Strategic Management J. 25:909–928.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Frensch PA, Funke J (2014) Complex Problem Solving: The European Perspective (Psychology Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Garcia R (2005) Uses of agent‐based modeling in innovation/new product development research. J. Product Innovation Management 22(5):380–398.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G (2005) Cognition and hierarchy: Rethinking the microfoundations of capabilities’ development. Organ. Sci. 16(6):599–617.Link, Google Scholar
• Gavetti G (2012) Toward a behavioral theory of strategy. Organ. Sci. 23(1):267–285.Link, Google Scholar
• Gershman SJ (2019) Uncertainty and exploration. Decision 6(3):277–286.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gershman SJ, Niv Y (2010) Learning latent structure: Carving nature at its joints. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 20(2):251–256.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Goldsmith RE (1985) Adaption-innovation and cognitive complexity. J. Psych. 119(5):461–467.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Good D, Michel EJ (2013) Individual ambidexterity: Exploring and exploiting in dynamic contexts. J. Psych. 147(5):435–453.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Greene JC, Caracelli VJ, Graham WF (1989) Toward a conceptual framework for mixed-method evaluation designs. Ed. Evaluation Policy Anal. 11(3):255–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Greve HR (2003) Organizational Learning from Performance Feedback (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Gulati R, Nohria N, Zaheer A (2000) Strategic networks. Strategic Management J. 21(3):203–215.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Halekoh U, Højsgaard S, Yan J (2006) The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations. J. Statist. Software 15(2):1–11.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hauser DJ, Paolacci G, Chandler JJ (2019) Common concerns with MTurk as a participant pool: Evidence and solutions. Kardes FR, Herr PP, Schwarz N, eds. Handbook of Research Methods in Consumer Psychology (Routledge, New York), 319–337.Google Scholar
• Hayes J, Allinson CW (1998) Cognitive style and the theory and practice of individual and collective learning in organizations. Human Relations 51(7):847–871.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Heaton RK (1993) Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: Computer Version-2 Research Edition (Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, FL).Google Scholar
• Heck R, Vuculescu O, Sørensen JJ, Zoller J, Andreasen MG, Bason MG, Ejlertsen P, et al. (2018) Remote optimization of an ultra-cold atoms experiment by experts and citizen scientists. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 27(115):e11231–e11237.Google Scholar
• Helfat CE, Peteraf MA (2015) Managerial cognitive capabilities and the microfoundations of dynamic capabilities. Strategic Management J. 36:831–850.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hills TT, Hertwig R (2010) Information search in decisions from experience: Do our patterns of sampling foreshadow our decisions? Psych. Sci. 21(12):1787–1792.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Hills TT, Todd PM, Lazer D, Redish AD, Couzin ID, Cognitive Science Research Group (2015) Exploration vs. exploitation in space, mind, and society. Trends Cognitive Sci. 19(1):46–54.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Holyoak KJ, Morrison RG, eds. (2012) The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (Oxford University Press, Oxford).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Iclanzan D, Dumitrescu D (2007) Overcoming hierarchical difficulty by hill-climbing the building block structure. Proc. 9th Ann. Conf. GECCO’07 (ACM Press, New York), 1256–1263.Google Scholar
• Kaish S, Gilad B (1991) Characteristics of opportunities search for entrepreneurs vs. executives: Sources, interests, general alertness. J. Bus. Venturing 6(1):45–61.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kauffman S (1993) The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution (Oxford University Press, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kirton M (1976) Adaptors and innovators: A description and measure. J. Appl. Psych. 61(5):622–629.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kirton M (2003) Adaptation and Innovation in the Context of Diversity and Change (Routledge, London).Google Scholar
• Kiss AN, Libaers D, Barr PS, Wang T, Zachary MA (2020) CEO cognitive flexibility, information search, and organizational ambidexterity. Strategic Management J. 41:2200–2233.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Kneeland MK, Schilling MA, Aharonson BS (2020) Exploring uncharted territory: Knowledge search processes in the origination of outlier innovation. Organ. Sci. 31(3):535–557.Link, Google Scholar
• Knudsen T, Levinthal DA, Puranam P (2019) Editorial: A model is a model. Strategy Sci. 4(1):1–3.Link, Google Scholar
• Kühnel J, Bledow R, Kiefer M (2022) There is a time to be creative: The alignment between chronotype and time of day. Acad. Management J. 65(1):218–247.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Laureiro-Martinez D, Brusoni S, Tata A, Zollo M (2019) The manager’s notepad: Working memory, exploration, and performance. J. Management Stud. 56(8):1655–1682.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lazer D, Friedman A (2007) The network structure of exploration and exploitation. Admin. Sci. Quart. 52(4):667–694.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Lee S, Meyer-Doyle P (2017) How performance incentives shape individual exploration and exploitation: Evidence from micro-data. Organ. Sci. 28(1):19–38.Link, Google Scholar
• Levine SS, Bernard M, Nagel R (2017) Strategic intelligence: The cognitive capability to anticipate competitor behavior. Strategic Management J. 38:2390–2423.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Levinthal DA (1997) Adaption on rugged landscapes. Management Sci. 43(7):934–950.Link, Google Scholar
• Levinthal DA, Workiewicz M (2018) When two bosses are better than one: Nearly decomposable systems and organizational adaptation. Organ. Sci. 29(2):207–224.Link, Google Scholar
• Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Bigler ED, Tranel D (2012) Neuropsychological Assessment, 5th ed. (Oxford University Press, New York).Google Scholar
• Lomberg C, Kollmann T, Stöckmann C (2017) Different styles for different needs: The effect of cognitive styles on idea generation. Creativity Innovation Management 26:49–59.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Luria AR (1976) The Working Brain: An Introduction to Neuropsychology (Basic Books, New York).Google Scholar
• MacAulay S, Steen J, Kastelle T (2020) The search environment is not (always) benign: Reassessing the risks of organizational search. Indust. Corporate Change 29(1):1–23.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Maggitti PG, Smith KG, Katila R (2013) The complex search process of invention. Res. Policy 42:90–100.Crossref, Google Scholar
• March JG (1991) Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organ. Sci. 2(1):71–87.Link, Google Scholar
• Marengo L, Dosi G, Legrenzi P, Pasquali C (2000) The structure of problem-solving knowledge and the structure of organizations. Indust. Corporate Change 9(4):757–788.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Martin M, Rubin R (1995) A new measure of cognitive flexibility. Psych. Rep. 76(2):623–626.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Martins LL, Sohn W (2022) How does diversity affect team cognitive processes? Understanding the cognitive pathways underlying the diversity dividend in teams. Acad. Management Ann. 16(1):134–178.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mason W, Watts DJ (2012) Collaborative learning in networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 109(3):764–769.Crossref, Google Scholar
• McNab F, Zeidman P, Rutledge RB, Smittenaar P, Brown HR, Adams RA, Dolan RJ (2015) Age-related changes in working memory and the ability to ignore distraction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112(20):6515–6518.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Mehlhorn K, Newell BR, Todd PM, Lee MD, Morgan K, Braithwaite VA, Hausmann D, Fiedler K, Gonzales C (2015) Unpacking the exploration–exploitation tradeoff: A synthesis of human and animal literatures. Decision 2(3):191–215.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miron E, Erez M, Naveh E (2004) Do personal characteristics and cultural values that promote innovation, quality, and efficiency compete or complement each other? J. Organ. Behav. 25:175–199.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Miron-Spektor E, Erez M, Naveh E (2011) The effect of conformist and attentive-to-detail members on team innovation: Reconciling the innovation paradox. Acad. Management J. 54(4):740–760.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Murray J, Jaramillo J, Wang X (2017) Working memory and decision-making in a frontoparietal circuit model. J. Neurosci. 37(50):12167–12186.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Newell A, Simon HA (1972) Human Problem Solving (Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ).Google Scholar
• O’Doherty JP, Cockburn J, Pauli WM (2017) Learning, reward, and decision making. Annu. Rev. Psych. 68:73–100.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Pedersen MK, Díaz CMC, Wang QJ, Alba-Marrugo MA, Amidi A, Basaiawmoit RV, Bergenholtz C, et al. (2023) Cognitive abilities in the wild: Population-scale game-based cognitive assessment. Preprint, submitted January 11, https://psyarxiv.com/m6awp/.Google Scholar
• Posen HE, Keil T, Kim S, Meissner FD (2018) Renewing research on problemistic search: A review and research agenda. Acad. Management Ann. 12(1):208–251.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Puranam P, Stieglitz N, Osman M, Pillutla MM (2015) Modelling bounded rationality in organizations: Progress and prospects. Acad. Management Ann. 9(1):337–392.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Rahmandad H, Denrell J, Prelec D (2021) What makes dynamic strategic problems difficult? Evidence from an experimental study. Strateg. Manage. J. 42(5):865–897.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reitan RM (1958) Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Perceptual Motor Skills 8:271–276.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Reypens C, Levine SS (2018) Behavior in behavioral strategy: Capturing, measuring, analyzing, behavioral strategy in perspective. Adv. Strategic Management 39:221–246.Google Scholar
• Ritchie S (2015) Intelligence: All That Matters (Hodder & Stoughton, London).Google Scholar
• Rivkin JW, Siggelkow N (2007) Patterned interactions in complex systems: Implications for exploration. Management Sci. 53(7):1068–1085.Link, Google Scholar
• Salgado JF, Moscoso S (2019) Meta-analysis of the validity of general mental ability for five performance criteria: Hunter and Hunter (1984) revisited. Frontiers Psych. 10:2227.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schmidt FL, Hunter JE (1998) The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: Practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psych. Bull. 124(2):262–274.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schmidt M (1986) Auditory and Verbal Learning Test. A Handbook (Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles).Google Scholar
• Schulz E, Franklin NT, Gershman SJ (2020) Finding structure in multi-armed bandits. Cognit. Psychol. 119:101261.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schulz E, Bhui R, Love BC, et al. (2019a) Structured, uncertainty-driven exploration in real-world consumer choice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116(28):13903–13908.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Schulz E, Wu CM, Ruggeri A, Meder B (2019b) Searching for rewards like a child means less generalization and more directed exploration. Psych. Sci. 30(11):1561–1572.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Simon HA (1962) The architecture of complexity. Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 106(6):467–482.Google Scholar
• Simon HA (1969) The Sciences of the Artificial (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
• Simon HA (1990) Invariants of human behavior. Annu. Rev. Psych. 41:1–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Simon HA (2000) Can there be a science of complex systems? Bar Yam Y, ed. Unifying Themes in Complex Systems: Proceedings of the International Conference on Complex Systems, Vol. 1 (Perseus Books, Cambridge, MA), 3–14.Google Scholar
• Smaldino PE, Richerson PJ (2012) The origins of options. Frontiers Neurosci. 6(50):1–11.Google Scholar
• Smith EB, Rand W (2018) Simulating macro-level effects from micro-level observations. Management Sci. 64(11):5405–5421.Link, Google Scholar
• Sternberg RJ, Grigorenko E (1997) Are cognitive styles still in style? Amer. Psych. 52:700–712.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Steyvers M, Lee MD, Wagenmakers E-J (2009) A Bayesian analysis of human decision-making on bandit problems. J. Math. Psych. 53:168–179.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Taylor JA (1994) Stability of schoolchildren’s cognitive style: A longitudinal-study of the Kirton Adaption–Innovation Inventory. Psych. Rep. 74:1008–1010.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Todd PM, Hills TT (2020) Foraging in mind. Current Directions Psych. Sci. 29(3):309–315.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tomov MS, Yagati S, Kumar A, Yang W, Gershman SJ (2020) Discovery of hierarchical representations for efficient planning. PLOS Comput. Biol. 16(4):e1007594.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Toplak ME, Sorge GB, Benoit A, West RF, Stanovich KE (2010) Decision-making and cognitive abilities: A review of associations between Iowa Gambling Task performance, executive functions, and intelligence. Clin. Psych. Rev. 30:562–581.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Tuncdogan A, Van Den Bosch F, Volberda H (2015) Regulatory focus as a psychological micro-foundation of leaders’ exploration and exploitation activities. Leadership Quart. 26(5):838–850.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Volk S, Pearsall MJ, Christian MS, Becker WJ (2017) Chronotype diversity in teams: Toward a theory of team energetic asynchrony. Acad. Management Rev. 42(4):683–702.Crossref, Google Scholar
• von Helversen B, Mata R, Samanez-Larkin GR, Wilke A (2018) Foraging, exploration, or search? On the (lack of) convergent validity between three behavioral paradigms. Evolutionary Behav. Sci. 12(3):152–162.Crossref, Google Scholar
• von Wittich D, Antonakis J (2011) The KAI cognitive style inventory: Was it personality all along? Personality Individual Differences 50(7):1044–1049.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Vuculescu O (2017) Searching far away from the lamp-post: An agent-based model. Strategic Organ. 15(2):242–263.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Vuculescu O, Beretta M, Bergenholtz C (2021) The IKEA effect in collective problem‐solving: When individuals prioritize their own solutions. Creativity Innovation Management 30(1):116–128.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Vuculescu O, Pedersen MK, Sherson JF, Bergenholtz C (2020) Human search in a fitness landscape: How to assess the difficulty of a search problem. Complexity 2020:7802169.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Watson RA, Pollack B (1999) Hierarchically consistent test problems for genetic algorithms. Proc.1999 Congress Evolutionary Comput. 1406–1413.Google Scholar
• Watson RA, Pollack JB (2005) Modular interdependency in complex dynamical systems. Artif. Life. 11(4):445–457.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wechsler D (2008) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th ed. (Pearson, San Antonio, TX).Google Scholar
• Wiens AN, Fuller KH, Crossen JR (1997) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test: Adult norms and moderator variables. J. Clin. Experiment. Neuropsych. 19:473–483.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wilden R, Hohberger J, Devinney TM, Lavie D (2018) Revisiting James March (1991): Whither exploration and exploitation. Strategic Organ. 16(3):352–369.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Wilson RC, Geana A, White JM, Ludvig EA, Cohen JD (2014) Humans use directed and random exploration to solve the explore–exploit dilemma. J. Experiment. Psych. General 143(6):2074–2081.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Witkin HA, Goodenough DR (1977) Field dependence revisited. ETS Res. Bull. Ser. 1977(2):1–53.Google Scholar
• Wright KP Jr, Hull JT, Hughes RJ, Ronda JM, Czeisler CA (2006) Sleep and wakefulness out of phase with internal biological time impairs learning in humans. J. Cognitive Neurosci. 18(4):508–521.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zelazo PD, Carter A, Reznick SJ, Frye D (1997) Early development of executive function: A problem-solving framework. Rev. Gen. Psych. 1(2):198–226.Crossref, Google Scholar
• Zhang S, Yu AJ (2013) Forgetful Bayes and myopic planning: Human learning and decision-making in a bandit setting. NIPS’13 Proc 26th Internat. Conf. Neural Inform. Processing Systems, 2607–2615.Google Scholar