Feel Free to Chat About Your Kids? Exploring the Effects of Workplace Parenting Conversations

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.18043

References

  • Acker J (1990) Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender Soc. 4(2):139–158.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Arena DF Jr, Volpone SD, Jones KP (2023) (Overcoming) maternity bias in the workplace: A systematic review. J. Management 49(1):52–84.Google Scholar
  • Arnett RD (2023) Uniting through difference: Rich cultural-identity expression as a conduit to inclusion. Organ. Sci. 34(5):1887–1913.Link, Google Scholar
  • Arnett RD, Lee SS, Hewlin PF (2026) A curation approach to identity management: The costs of combining identity expression and suppression. Admin. Sci. Quart. 71(2):439–478.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Mael F (1989) Social identity theory and the organization. Acad. Management Rev. 14(1):20–39.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ashforth BE, Schinoff BS (2016) Identity under construction: How individuals come to define themselves in organizations. Annual Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav. 3(1):111–137.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Auter PJ, Palmgreen P (2000) Development and validation of a parasocial interaction measure: The audience‐persona interaction scale. Comm. Res. Rep. 17(1):79–89.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bandura A (1977) Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psych. Rev. 84(2):191–215.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Baumrind D, Thompson RA (2002) The ethics of parenting. Bornstein MH, ed. Handbook of Parenting (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ).Google Scholar
  • Beal DJ, Weiss HM (2003) Methods of ecological momentary assessment in organizational research. Organ. Res. Methods 6(4):440–464.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Benedetti AA, Diefendorff JM, Gabriel AS, Chandler MM (2015) The effects of intrinsic and extrinsic sources of motivation on well-being depend on time of day: The moderating effects of workday accumulation. J. Vocational Behav. 88:38–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Berger CR, Calabrese RJ (1975) Some explorations in initial interaction and beyond: Toward a developmental theory of interpersonal communication. Human Comm. Res. 1(2):99–112.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Berntsen D, Rubin DC, Siegler IC (2011) Two versions of life: Emotionally negative and positive life events have different roles in the organization of life story and identity. Emotion 11(5):1190–1201.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bi S, Zhou H, Wang J, Zhou H, Keller PS (2022) Parental mindfulness and externalizing problems in Chinese adolescents: Parenting anxiety and negative parenting as mechanisms. Family Relations 72(4):1643–1655.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Bitterly TB, Schweitzer ME (2019) The impression management benefits of humorous self-disclosures: How humor influences perceptions of veracity. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 151:73–89.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Blair-Loy M (2003) Competing Devotions: Career and Family among Women Executives (Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA).Google Scholar
  • Borelli JL, Margolin G, Rasmussen HF (2015) Parental overcontrol as a mechanism explaining the longitudinal association between parent and child anxiety. J. Children Family Stud. 24(6):1559–1574.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Brady DL, Brown DJ, Liang LH (2017) Moving beyond assumptions of deviance: The reconceptualization and measurement of workplace gossip. J. Appl. Psych. 102(1):1–25.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Brooks AW, Gino F, Schweitzer ME (2015) Smart people ask for (my) advice: Seeking advice boosts perceptions of competence. Management Sci. 61(6):1421–1435.Link, Google Scholar
  • Bryk AS, Raudenbush SW (1992) Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (SAGE Publications, Newbury Park, CA).Google Scholar
  • Byron K, Laurence GA (2015) Diplomas, photos, and tchotchkes as symbolic self-representations: Understanding employees’ individual use of symbols. Acad. Management J. 58(1):298–323.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Call ML, Campbell EM, Dunford BB, Boswell WR, Boss RW (2021) Shining with the stars? Unearthing how group star proportion shapes non-star performance. Pers. Psychol. 74(3):543–572.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Carlson DS, Kacmar KM, Zivnuska S, Ferguson M (2015) Do the benefits of family-to-work transitions come at too great a cost? J. Occupation Health Psych. 20(2):161–171.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Çelen B, Kariv S, Schotter A (2010) An experimental test of advice and social learning. Management Sci. 56(10):1687–1701.Link, Google Scholar
  • Cha SE, Roberts LM (2019) Leveraging minority identities at work: An individual-level framework of the identity mobilization process. Organ. Sci. 30(4):735–760.Link, Google Scholar
  • Charmaz K (2006) Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis (SAGE, London).Google Scholar
  • Chatman JA, Flynn FJ (2005) Full-cycle micro-organizational behavior research. Organ. Sci. 16(4):434–447.Link, Google Scholar
  • Chawla N, Gabriel AS, Prengler M, Rogers K, Rogers B, Tedder-King A, Rosen CC (2024) Allyship in the fifth trimester: A multi-method investigation of women’s postpartum return to work. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 182:104330.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Cialdini RB (1980) Full-cycle social psychology. Appl. Soc. Psych. Annual 1:21–47.Google Scholar
  • Clark SC (2000) Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations 53(6):747–770.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Colquitt JA, LePine JA, Piccolo RF, Zapata CP, Rich BL (2012) Explaining the justice–performance relationship: Trust as exchange deepener or trust as uncertainty reducer? J. Appl. Psych. 97(1):1–15.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Cropanzano R, Anthony EL, Daniels SR, Hall AV (2017) Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Acad. Management Ann. 11(1):479–516.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Dahm PC, Kim Y, Glomb TM, Harrison SH (2019) Identity affirmation as threat? Time-bending sensemaking and the career and family identity patterns of early achievers. Acad. Management J. 62(4):1194–1225.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Dumas TL, Sanchez-Burks J (2015) The professional, the personal, and the ideal worker: Pressures and objectives shaping the boundary between life domains. Acad. Management Ann. 9(1):803–843.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Dumas TL, Phillips KW, Rothbard NP (2013) Getting closer at the company party: Integration experiences, racial dissimilarity, and workplace relationships. Organ. Sci. 24(5):1377–1401.Link, Google Scholar
  • Dumas TL, Rothbard NP, Phillips KW (2008) Self-disclosure: Beneficial for cohesion in demographically diverse work groups? Phillips KW, ed. Diversity and Groups (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, UK), 143–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Eddleston KA (2009) The effects of social comparisons on managerial career satisfaction and turnover intentions. Career Development Internat. 14(1):87–110.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Efron B (1987) Better bootstrap confidence intervals. J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 82(397):171–185.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ellwardt L, Steglich C, Wittek R (2012) The co-evolution of gossip and friendship in workplace social networks. Soc. Networks 34(4):623–633.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Emmanuel A (2021) Global total addressable market for working parents. AskWonder (January 14), https://askwonder.com/research/global-total-addressable-market-working-parents-bn36pmt76.Google Scholar
  • Enders CK, Tofighi D (2007) Centering predictor variables in cross-sectional multilevel models: A new look at an old issue. Psych. Methods 12(2):121–138.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Fadjukoff P, Pulkkinen L, Lyyra AL, Kokko K (2016) Parental identity and its relation to parenting and psychological functioning in middle age. Parenting 16(2):87–107.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Festinger L (1954) A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations 7(2):117–140.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Fox S, Spector PE, Goh A, Bruursema K, Kessler SR (2012) The deviant citizen: Measuring potential positive relations between counterproductive work behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour. J. Occupation Organ. Psych. 85(1):199–220.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Fredrickson BL (2001) The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Amer. Psych. 56(3):218–226.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Gabriel AS, Koopman JJ, Rosen CC, Arnold JD, Hochwarter WA (2020a) Are coworkers getting into the act? An examination of emotion regulation in coworker exchanges. J. Appl. Psych. 105(8):907–929.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Gabriel AS, Volpone SD, MacGowan RL, Butts MM, Moran CM (2020b) When work and family blend together: Examining the daily experiences of breastfeeding mothers at work. Acad. Management J. 63(5):1337–1369.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Gabriel AS, Lee YE, Koopman J, Rosen CC, Dutli A, Bush JT (2025) The receipt of venting at work: A multi-study investigation of affective and behavioral reactions for venting recipients. Personality Psychol. 78(2):205–227.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Gabriel AS, Podsakoff NP, Beal DJ, Scott BA, Sonnentag S, Trougakos JP, Butts MM (2019) Experience sampling methods: A discussion of critical trends and considerations for scholarly advancement. Organ. Res. Methods 22(4):969–1006.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Garcia SM, Tor A, Schiff TM (2013) The psychology of competition: A social comparison perspective. Perspect. Psych. Sci. 8(6):634–650.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Gibson CB (2017) Elaboration, generalization, triangulation, and interpretation: On enhancing the value of mixed method research. Organ. Res. Methods 20(2):193–223.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ginsburg GS, Grover RL, Ialongo N (2005) Parenting behaviors among anxious and non-anxious mothers: Relation with concurrent and long-term child outcomes. Child Family Behav. Therapy 26(4):23–41.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Glaser B, Strauss A (2017) Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research (Routledge, New York).Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Goulding C (2009) Grounded theory perspectives in organizational research. Buchanan DA, Bryman A, eds. The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Research Methods (SAGE, London), 381–394.Google Scholar
  • Greenbaum RL, Deng Y, Butts MM, Wang CS, Smith AN (2022) Managing my shame: Examining the effects of parental identity threat and emotional stability on work productivity and investment in parenting. J. Appl. Psych. 107(9):1479–1497.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Greenhaus JH, Powell GN (2006) When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Acad. Management Rev. 31(1):72–92.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Grodal S, Anteby M, Holm AL (2021) Achieving rigor in qualitative analysis: The role of active categorization in theory building. Acad. Management Rev. 46(3):591–612.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Grupe DW, Nitschke JB (2013) Uncertainty and anticipation in anxiety: An integrated neurobiological and psychological perspective. Nature Rev. Neurosci. 14(7):488–501.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Hardin AE (2024) The more you know: The impact of personal knowledge on interpersonal treatment at work. Organ. Sci. 35(5):1908–1929.Link, Google Scholar
  • Hardin AE, Schinoff BS, Byron K, Balven RM (2025) A window into coworkers’ worlds: The relational outcomes of learning vivid, unintentional, and nonwork-related information about coworkers. Acad. Management J. 68(2):267–296.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Hewlin PF (2009) Wearing the cloak: Antecedents and consequences of creating facades of conformity. J. Appl. Psych. 94(3):727–741.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Hinkin TR, Tracey JB (1999) An analysis of variance approach to content validation. Organ. Res. Methods 2(2):175–186.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Hoobler JM, Masterson CR, Rogers K (2024) Self-ambivalence: Naming a contemporary work-family problem that has no name. J. Organ. Behav. 45(2):252–265.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Johnson RE, Lanaj K, Barnes CM (2014) The good and bad of being fair: Effects of procedural and interpersonal justice behaviors on regulatory resources. J. Appl. Psych. 99(4):635–650.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Karpowitz CF, Pope JC (2018) 2018 American family survey summary report: Identities, opportunities and challenges. Report, Deseret News and Brigham Young University, Provo, UT.Google Scholar
  • Kenrick DT, Griskevicius V, Neuberg SL, Schaller M (2010) Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations. Perspect. Psych. Sci. 5(3):292–314.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Kleshinski CE, Asay SL, Watkins T, Lee SH, Krishnan S (2026) Socially rewarded or penalized at work? The mixed reputational implications of disclosing one’s positive nonwork events on social evaluations and workplace gossip. J. Appl. Psych. 111(7):940–954.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Klotz AC, Swider BW, Kwon SH (2023) Back-translation practices in organizational research: Avoiding loss in translation. J. Appl. Psych. 108(5):699–727.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Kossek EE, Perrigino M, Rock AG (2021) From ideal workers to ideal work for all: A 50-year review integrating careers and work-family research with a future research agenda. J. Vocational Behav. 126:103504.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • La Guardia JG, Ryan RM, Couchman CE, Deci EL (2000) Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. J. Personality Soc. Psychol. 79(3):367–384.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ladge JJ, Little LM (2019) When expectations become reality: Work-family image management and identity adaptation. Acad. Management Rev. 44(1):126–149.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ladge JJ, Clair JA, Greenberg D (2012) Cross-domain identity transition during liminal periods: Constructing multiple selves as professional and mother during pregnancy. Acad. Management J. 55(6):1449–1471.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • LaHuis DM, Hartman MJ, Hakoyama S, Clark PC (2014) Explained variance measures for multilevel models. Organ. Res. Methods 17(4):433–451.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Lanaj K, Jennings RE (2020) Putting leaders in a bad mood: The affective costs of helping followers with personal problems. J. Appl. Psych. 105(4):355–371.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Lanaj K, Jennings RE, Ashford SJ, Krishnan S (2022) When leader self-care begets other care: Leader role self-compassion and helping at work. J. Appl. Psych. 107(9):1543–1560.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Landis B, Fisher CM, Menges JI (2022) How employees react to unsolicited and solicited advice in the workplace: Implications for using advice, learning, and performance. J. Appl. Psych. 107(3):408–424.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Lee K, Duffy MK (2019) A functional model of workplace envy and job performance: When do employees capitalize on envy by learning from envied targets? Acad. Management J. 62(4):1085–1110.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Li Y, Li N, Guo J, Li J, Harris TB (2018) A network view of advice-giving and individual creativity in teams: A brokerage-driven, socially perpetuated phenomenon. Acad. Management J. 61(6):2210–2229.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Li Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Kossek EE, Wang M, Ji Y, Liu S (2026) Cultivating a climate for work–life inclusion by implementing human resource practices: Reducing personal life stigma to enhance gender career equality. Acad. Management J. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
  • Lin CP (2007) To share or not to share: Modeling tacit knowledge sharing, its mediators and antecedents. J. Bus. Ethics 70(4):411–428.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Locke K (2001) Grounded Theory in Management Research (SAGE Publications, London).Google Scholar
  • Locke K, Golden-Biddle K, Feldman MS (2008) Perspective—Making doubt generative: Rethinking the role of doubt in the research process. Organ. Sci. 19(6):907–918.Link, Google Scholar
  • Locklear LR, Taylor SG, Ambrose ML (2021) How a gratitude intervention influences workplace mistreatment: A multiple mediation model. J. Appl. Psych. 106(9):1314–1331.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Lovejoy MC, Weis R, O’Hare E, Rubin EC (1999) Development and initial validation of the Parent Behavior Inventory. Psych. Assessment 11(4):534–545.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Mackinnon A, Jorm AF, Christensen H, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Rodgers B (1999) A short form of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule: Evaluation of factorial validity and invariance across demographic variables in a community sample. Personality Individual Differences 27(3):405–416.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Marteau TM, Bekker H (1992) The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). British J. Clinical Psych. 31(3):301–306.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • McCarthy PA, Morina N (2020) Exploring the association of social comparison with depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psych. Psychotherapy 27(5):640–671.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Medina AM, Lederhos CL, Lillis TA (2009) Sleep disruption and decline in marital satisfaction across the transition to parenthood. Families, Systems, Health 27(2):153–160.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Methot JR, Frank E, Shin J (2026) Talking back stage: A review and synthesis of informal social communication in organizations. Acad. Management Ann. 20(1):359–399.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Methot JR, LePine JA, Podsakoff NP, Christian JS (2016) Are workplace friendships a mixed blessing? Exploring tradeoffs of multiplex relationships and their associations with job performance. Pers. Psychol. 69(2):311–355.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Methot JR, Rosado-Solomon EH, Downes PE, Gabriel AS (2021) Office chitchat as a social ritual: The uplifting yet distracting effects of daily small talk at work. Acad. Management J. 64(5):1445–1471.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Muthén LK, Muthén BO (1998–2017) Mplus User’s Guide, 8th ed. (Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles).Google Scholar
  • Nahrgang JD, Morgeson FP, Hofmann DA (2011) Safety at work: A meta-analytic investigation of the link between job demands, job resources, burnout, engagement, and safety outcomes. J. Appl. Psych. 96(1):71–94.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • National People’s Congress (2020) Civil code of the People’s Republic of China. Adopted at the Third Session of the Thirteenth National People’s Congress, May 28, 2020.Google Scholar
  • Nelson SK, Kushlev K, Lyubomirsky S (2014) The pains and pleasures of parenting: When, why, and how is parenthood associated with more or less well-being? Psych. Bull. 140(3):846–895.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Nelson SK, Kushlev K, English T, Dunn EW, Lyubomirsky S (2013) In defense of parenthood: Children are associated with more joy than misery. Psych. Sci. 24(1):3–10.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Nifadkar SS, Wu W, Gu Q (2019) Supervisors’ work-related and nonwork information sharing: Integrating research on information sharing, information seeking, and trust using self-disclosure theory. Pers. Psychol. 72(2):241–269.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Nomaguchi K, Fettro MN (2019) Childrearing stages and work–family conflict: The role of job demands and resources. J. Marriage Family 81(2):289–307.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Oelberger C (2024) Work devotion as identity armor? How single professionals with relationship aspirations use career decisions to manage their identities. Organ. Sci. 35(4):1443–1472.Link, Google Scholar
  • Outlaw R, Baer MD (2024) What you say matters: Moving beyond gossiping extent to explore the positive effects of gossip truthfulness and gossip interestingness. Pers. Psychol. 77(2):527–554.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Padavic I, Ely RJ, Reid EM (2020) Explaining the persistence of gender inequality: The work–family narrative as a social defense against the 24/7 work culture. Admin. Sci. Quart. 65(1):61–111.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Pedersen VB, Lewis S (2012) Flexible friends? Flexible working time arrangements, blurred work-life boundaries and friendship. Work, Employment Soc. 26(3):464–480.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Phillips KW, Rothbard NP, Dumas TL (2009) To disclose or not to disclose? Status distance and self-disclosure in diverse environments. Acad. Management Rev. 34(4):710–732.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Pillemer J, Rothbard NP (2018) Friends without benefits: Understanding the dark sides of workplace friendship. Acad. Management Rev. 43(4):635–660.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Moorman RH, Fetter R (1990) Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quart. 1(2):107–142.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Putnam LL, Mumby DK (2013) The SAGE Handbook of Organizational Communication: Advances in Theory, Research, and Methods (SAGE Publications, Los Angeles, CA).Google Scholar
  • Quinn RW, Bunderson JS (2016) Could we huddle on this project? Participant learning in newsroom conversations. J. Management 42(2):386–418.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Ramarajan L, Reid E (2013) Shattering the myth of separate worlds: Negotiating nonwork identities at work. Acad. Management Rev. 38(4):621–644.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Reh S, Van Quaquebeke N, Tröster C, Giessner SR (2022) When and why does status threat at work bring out the best and the worst in us? A temporal social comparison theory. Organ. Psych. Rev. 12(3):241–267.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Rosen CC, Koopman J, Gabriel AS, Johnson RE (2016) Who strikes back? A daily investigation of when and why incivility begets incivility. J. Appl. Psych. 101(11):1620–1634.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Rosen CC, Koopman J, Gabriel AS, Lee YE, Ezerins M, Roth PL (2024) Hidden consequences of political discourse at work: How and why ambient political conversations impact employee outcomes. J. Appl. Psych. 109(6):795–818.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Rothbard NP, Ramarajan L, Ollier-Malaterre A, Lee SS (2022) OMG! My boss just friended me: How evaluations of colleagues’ disclosure, gender, and rank shape personal/professional boundary blurring online. Acad. Management J. 65(1):35–65.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Sawyer KB, Thoroughgood C, Ladge J (2017) Invisible families, invisible conflicts: Examining the added layer of work-family conflict for employees with LGB families. J. Vocational Behav. 103:23–39.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Schwerdtfeger KL, Shreffler KM (2009) Trauma of pregnancy loss and infertility among mothers and involuntarily childless women in the United States. J. Loss Trauma 14(3):211–227.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Scott BA, Colquitt JA, Paddock EL, Judge TA (2010) A daily investigation of the role of manager empathy on employee well-being. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 113(2):127–140.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Sherf EN, Croitoru N, McElroy T (2024) A reinforcement sensitivity theory view of seeking behaviors at work: A meta-analysis. Personality Psychol. 77(2):847–890.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Shih HA, Chiang YH, Chen TJ (2012) Transformational leadership, trusting climate, and knowledge-exchange behaviors in Taiwan. Internat. J. Human Resources Management 23(6):1057–1073.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Strauss A, Corbin J (1990) Basics of Qualitative Research, vol. 15 (Sage Publications, Newbury Park, CA).Google Scholar
  • Suddaby R (2006) From the editors: What grounded theory is not. Acad. Management J. 49(4):633–642.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Trefalt Š (2013) Between you and me: Setting work-nonwork boundaries in the context of workplace relationships. Acad. Management J. 56(6):1802–1829.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Van Kleef GA, Steinel W, Homan AC (2013) On being peripheral and paying attention: Prototypicality and information processing in intergroup conflict. J. Appl. Psych. 98(1):63–79.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Wang C, Ku G, Smith AN, Edwards B, Scott E, Galinsky AD (2025) Increasing Black employees’ social identity affirmation and organizational involvement: Reducing social uncertainty through organizational and individual strategies. Organ. Sci. 36(2):809–837.Link, Google Scholar
  • Wang M, Liu S, Liao H, Gong Y, Kammeyer-Mueller J, Shi J (2013) Can’t get it out of my mind: Employee rumination after customer mistreatment and negative mood in the next morning. J. Appl. Psych. 98(6):989–1004.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Welbourne TM, Rolf S, Schlachter S (2017) The case for employee resource groups: A review and social identity theory-based research agenda. Personnel Rev. 46(8):1816–1834.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Wellman N, Tröster C, Grimes M, Roberson Q, Rink F, Gruber M (2023) Publishing multimethod research in AMJ: A review and best-practice recommendations. Acad. Management J. 66(4):1007–1015.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • World Population Review (2024) Single-parent rates by country. Retrieved September 26, https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/single-parent-rates-by-country.Google Scholar
  • Yardi S, Caldwell PH, Barnes EH, Scott KM (2018) Determining parents’ patterns of behaviour when searching for online information on their child’s health. J. Paediatric Child Health 54(11):1246–1254.Crossref, Google Scholar
  • Yeomans M, Schweitzer ME, Brooks AW (2022) The conversational circumplex: Identifying, prioritizing, and pursuing informational and relational motives in conversation. Current Opinion Psych. 44:293–302.Crossref, Google Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.