The authors thank the Gender and Public Policy Program at the Mohammed Bin Rashid School of Government for logistical and administrative support of the data collection in the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. They gratefully acknowledge generous feedback on this manuscript from Linda Babcock, Frank Flynn, Michele Gelfand, Pamela Hinds, Ying Yi Hong, and Stanford Center for Work, Technology and Organization Reunion Workshop Participants. They owe special thanks for the research assistance of Maimoona Al-Bahandy, Amira Al-Hefaiti, Christine Assaad, Ghalia Gargani, Asmaa Ramadan, and Huda Sajwani. Finally, the authors appreciate the helpful feedback and insight of senior editor Nancy Rothbard and three anonymous reviewers. This work was supported by grants from the Emirates Foundation [Grant 2009/004], the Harvard Kennedy School Women and Public Policy Program, the Harvard Kennedy School Center for Public Leadership, the Harvard University Middle East Initiative, and New York University Abu Dhabi. All authors contributed equally to this paper.