
Volume 37, Issue 2
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- Received:April 20, 2021
- Accepted:September 25, 2025
- Published Online:October 29, 2025
Copyright © 2025, INFORMS
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The authors thank Gavin J. Kilduff, Katherine A. DeCelles, Siyu Yu, and L. Taylor Phillips for helpful comments and Goals, Incentives, & Meritocracy Lab members at New York University for research assistance. Earlier versions of this work were presented at the 2020 Society for Judgment and Decision Making Conference, the 2020 International Association for Conflict Management Conference, the 2021 Academy of Management Annual Meeting, and the 2024 McCoy Family Center for Ethics in Society at Stanford University, as well as before seminar audiences at China Europe International Business School, Cornell University, Rutgers University, University of Notre Dame, University of Virginia, and Yale University. The studies were approved by the institutional review boards at New York University.
