Stigma by Association: The Unintended Interpersonal Consequences of Associating Oneself with an Abusive Supervisor

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.1678

References

  • Achar C, Dunn LH, Agrawal N (2022) Tainted by stigma: The interplay of stigma and moral identity in health persuasion. J. Marketing Res. 59(2):392–410.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Anand S, Hu J, Liden RC, Vidyarthi PR (2011) Leader-member exchange: Recent research findings and prospects for the future. Bryman A, Collinson D, Grint K, Jackson B, Uhl-Bien M, eds. The Sage Handbook of Leadership (Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA), 311–325.Google Scholar
  • Aryee S, Sun LY, Chen ZX, Debrah YA (2007) Antecedents and outcomes of abusive supervision: Test of a trickle-down model. J. Appl. Psych. 92(1):191–201.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Avolio BJ, Bass BM (2002) Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (Form 5X) (Mindgarden, Redwood City, CA).Google Scholar
  • Berscheid E, Hatfield E (1969) Interpersonal Attraction (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA).Google Scholar
  • Bisgin H, Agarwal N, Xu X (2012) A study of homophily on social media. World Wide Web 15(2):213–232.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Breevaart K, Wisse BM, Schyns B (2022) Trapped at work: The barriers model of abusive supervision. Acad. Management Perspect. 36(3):936–954.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Carter MZ, Mossholder KW (2015) Are we on the same page? the performance effects of congruence between supervisor and group trust. J. Appl. Psych. 100(5):1349–1363.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chan ME, McAllister DJ (2014) Abusive supervision through the lens of employee state paranoia. Acad. Management Rev. 39(1):44–66.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chen C, Qin X, Johnson RE, Huang M, Yang M, Liu S (2021) Entering an upward spiral: Investigating how and when supervisors’ talking about abuse leads to subsequent abusive supervision. J. Organ. Behav. 42(3):407–428.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Chen XP, Eberly MB, Chiang TJ, Farh JL, Cheng BS (2014) Affective trust in Chinese leaders: Linking paternalistic leadership to employee performance. J. Management 40(3):796–819.Google Scholar
  • Cohen TR, Panter AT, Turan N, Morse L, Kim Y (2014) Moral character in the workplace. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 107(5):943–963.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Coovert MD, Reeder GD (1990) Negativity effects in impression formation: The role of unit formation and schematic expectations. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 26(1):49–62.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Cortina LM, Magley VJ, Williams JH, Langhout RD (2001) Incivility in the workplace: Incidence and impact. J. Occupational Health Psych. 6(1):64–80.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Crandall CS, Eshleman A (2003) A justification-suppression model of the expression and experience of prejudice. Psych. Bull. 129(3):414–446.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Crocker J, Canevello A, Lewis KA (2017) Romantic relationships in the ecosystem: Compassionate goals, nonzero-sum beliefs, and change in relationship quality. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 112(1):58–75.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Duffy MK, Shaw JD, Scott KL, Tepper BJ (2006) The moderating roles of self-esteem and neuroticism in the relationship between group and individual undermining behavior. J. Appl. Psych. 91(5):1066–1077.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Dulebohn JH, Bommer WH, Liden RC, Brouer RL, Ferris GR (2012) A meta-analysis of antecedents and consequences of leader-member exchange: Integrating the past with an eye toward the future. J. Management 38(6):1715–1759.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Dumas TL, Phillips KW, Rothbard NP (2013) Getting closer at the company party: Integration experiences, racial dissimilarity, and workplace relationships. Organ. Sci. 24(5):1377–1401.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Dunn J, Ruedy NE, Schweitzer ME (2012) It hurts both ways: How social comparisons harm affective and cognitive trust. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 117(1):2–14.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ellis LM (2022) The interpersonal consequences of stealing ideas: Worse character judgments and less co-worker support for an idea (vs. money) thief. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 171:104165.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Evans D, Trahan A, Laird K (2021) Shame and blame: Secondary stigma among families of convicted sex offenders. Criminology Criminal Justice 23(1):78–97.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Farh CIC, Chen Z (2014) Beyond the individual victim: Multilevel consequences of abusive supervision in teams. J. Appl. Psych. 99(6):1074–1095.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Fehr R, Welsh D, Yam KC, Baer M, Wei W, Vaulont M (2019) The role of moral decoupling in the causes and consequences of unethical pro-organizational behavior. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 153:27–40.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Flynn FJ, Reagans RE, Guillory L (2010) Do you two know each other? Transitivity, homophily, and the need for (network) closure. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 99(5):855–869.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Franks AS, Scherr KC, Gibson B (2019) Godless by association: Deficits in trust mediate antiatheist stigma-by-association. J. Experiment. Psych. Appl. 25(2):303–316.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Giner-Sorolla R, Kupfer T, Sabo J (2018) What makes moral disgust special? An integrative functional review. Adv. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 57:223–289.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Goffman E (1963) Embarrassment and social organization. Smelser NJ, Smelser WT, eds. Personality and Social Systems (Wiley, New York), 541–548.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Goldstein SB, Johnson VA (1997) Stigma by association: Perceptions of the dating partners of college students with physical disabilities. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. 19(4):495–504.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Gul P, Uskul AK (2020) An alternative account of anti-effeminacy bias: Reputation concerns and lack of coalitional value explain honor-oriented men’s reluctance to befriend feminine men. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 47(8):1223–1248.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hayes AF, Preacher KJ (2014) Statistical mediation analysis with a multicategorical independent variable. British J. Math. Statist. Psych. 67(3):451–470.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Hebl MR, Mannix LM (2003) The weight of obesity in evaluating others: A mere proximity effect. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 29(1):28–38.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Heider F (1958) The naive analysis of action. Heider F, ed. The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations (Wiley, New York), 79–124.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Howard MC, Cogswell JE, Smith MB (2020) The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A meta-analysis. J. Appl. Psych. 105(6):577–596.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Huang M, Ju D, Yam KC, Liu S, Qin X, Tian G (2022) Employee humor can shield them from abusive supervision. J. Bus. Ethics, ePub ahead of print August 26, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05208-9.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ilies R, Nahrgang JD, Morgeson FP (2007) Leader-member exchange and citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. J. Appl. Psych. 92(1):269–277.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jensen M (2006) Should we stay or should we go? Accountability, status anxiety, and client defections. Admin. Sci. Quart. 51(1):97–128.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Johnson DE, Erez A, Scott Kiker D, Motowidlo SJ (2002) Liking and attributions of motives as mediators of the relationships between individuals’ reputations, helpful behaviors, and raters’ reward decisions. J. Appl. Psych. 87(4):808–815.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Jonsson S, Greve HR, Fujiwara-Greve T (2009) Undeserved loss: The spread of legitimacy loss to innocent organizations in response to reported corporate deviance. Admin. Sci. Quart. 54(2):195–228.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kelley HH, Michela JL (1980) Attribution theory and research. Annual Rev. Psych. 31(1):457–501.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kiewitz C, Restubog SLD, Shoss MK, Garcia PRJM, Tang RL (2016) Suffering in silence: Investigating the role of fear in the relationship between abusive supervision and defensive silence. J. Appl. Psych. 101(5):731–742.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kim JK, LePine JA, Zhang Z, Baer MD (2022) Sticking out vs. fitting in: A social context perspective of ingratiation and its effect on social exchange quality with supervisors and teammates. J. Appl. Psych. 107(1):95–108.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Kulik CT, Bainbridge HTJ, Cregan C (2008) Known by the company we keep: Stigma-by-association effects in the workplace. Acad. Management Rev. 33(1):216–230.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Leavitt K, Qiu F, Shapiro DL (2021) Using electronic confederates for experimental research in organizational science. Organ. Res. Methods 24(1):3–25.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Li AN, Liao H (2014) How do leader–member exchange quality and differentiation affect performance in teams? An integrated multilevel dual process model. J. Appl. Psych. 99(5):847–866.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Lian H, Brown DJ, Ferris DL, Liang LH, Keeping LM, Morrison R (2014) Abusive supervision and retaliation: A self-control framework. Acad. Management J. 57(1):116–139.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Liu D, Liao H, Loi R (2012) The dark side of leadership: A three-level investigation of the cascading effect of abusive supervision on employee creativity. Acad. Management J. 55(5):1187–1212.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Martin R, Thomas G, Legood A, Dello Russo S (2018) Leader–member exchange (LMX) differentiation and work outcomes: Conceptual clarification and critical review. J. Organ. Behav. 39(2):151–168.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Martinko MJ, Harvey P, Dasborough MT (2011) Attribution theory in the organizational sciences: A case of unrealized potential. J. Organ. Behav. 32(1):144–149.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • McAllister DJ (1995) Affect- and cognition-based trust as foundations for interpersonal cooperation in organizations. Acad. Management J. 38(1):24–59.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • McDonnell MH, Odziemkowska K, Pontikes E (2021) Bad company: Shifts in social activists’ tactics and resources after industry crises. Organ. Sci. 32(4):1033–1055.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Mitchell MS, Ambrose ML (2012) Employees’ behavioral reactions to supervisor aggression: An examination of individual and situational factors. J. Appl. Psych. 97(6):1148–1170.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mitchell MS, Vogel RM, Folger R (2015) Third parties’ reactions to the abusive supervision of coworkers. J. Appl. Psych. 100(4):1040–1055.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Mullen E, Skitka LJ (2006) Exploring the psychological underpinnings of the moral mandate effect: Motivated reasoning, group differentiation, or anger? J. Personality Soc. Psych. 90(4):629–643.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Neuberg SL, Cottrell CA (2008) Managing the threats and opportunities afforded by human sociality. Group Dynam. 12(1):63–72.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Neuberg SL, Smith DM, Hoffman JC, Russell FJ (1994) When we observe stigmatized and “normal” individuals interacting: Stigma by association. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 20(2):196–209.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Ogunfowora B, Weinhardt JM, Hwang CC (2021) Abusive supervision differentiation and employee outcomes: The roles of envy, resentment, and insecure group attachment. J. Management 47(3):623–653.Google Scholar
  • Ostaszkiewicz J, O’Connell B, Dunning T (2016) “We just do the dirty work”: Dealing with incontinence, courtesy stigma and the low occupational status of carework in long-term aged care facilities. J. Clinical Nursing 25(17–18):2528–2541.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Peng AC, Schaubroeck JM, Li Y (2014) Social exchange implications of own and coworkers’ experiences of supervisory abuse. Acad. Management J. 57(5):1385–1405.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Podsakoff NP, Whiting SW, Podsakoff PM, Blume BD (2009) Individual- and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. J. Appl. Psych. 94(1):122–141.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Podsakoff PM, MacKenzie SB, Lee JY, Podsakoff NP (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J. Appl. Psych. 88(5):879–903.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pontikes E, Negro G, Rao H (2010) Stained red: A study of stigma by association to blacklisted artists during the “red scare” in Hollywood, 1945 to 1960. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 75(3):456–478.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pryor JB, Reeder GD, Landau S (1999) A social-psychological analysis of HIV-related stigma: A two-factor theory. Amer. Behav. Sci. 42(7):1212–1228.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Pryor JB, Reeder GD, Monroe AE (2012) The infection of bad company: Stigma by association. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 102(2):224–241.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Qin X, Chen C, Yam KC, Huang M, Ju D (2020) The double-edged sword of leader humility: Investigating when and why leader humility promotes vs. inhibits subordinate deviance. J. Appl. Psych. 105(7):693–712.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Quade MJ, Greenbaum RL, Mawritz MB (2019) “If only my coworker was more ethical”: When ethical and performance comparisons lead to negative emotions, social undermining, and ostracism. J. Bus. Ethics 159(2):567–586.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Restubog SLD, Scott KL, Zagenczyk TJ (2011) When distress hits home: The role of contextual factors and psychological distress in predicting employees’ responses to abusive supervision. J. Appl. Psych. 96(4):713–729.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Rodell JB, Lynch JW (2016) Perceptions of employee volunteering: Is it “credited” or “stigmatized” by colleagues? Acad. Management J. 59(2):611–635.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Schaubroeck JM, Peng AC, Hannah ST (2016) The role of peer respect in linking abusive supervision to follower outcomes: Dual moderation of group potency. J. Appl. Psych. 101(2):267–278.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Settoon RP, Mossholder KW (2002) Relationship quality and relationship context as antecedents of person- and task-focused interpersonal citizenship behavior. J. Appl. Psych. 87(2):255–267.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Sigelman CK, Howell JL, Cornell DP, Cutright JD, Dewey JC (1991) Courtesy stigma: The social implications of associating with a gay person. J. Soc. Psych. 131(1):45–56.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Stiegert P, Täuber S, Leliveld MC, Oehmichen J (2021) The stereotype rub-off effect—organizational stereotypes modulate behavioural expectations, expectancy violation and punishment after transgressions. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 165:127–138.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Taylor SG, Griffith MD, Vadera AK, Folger R, Letwin CR (2019) Breaking the cycle of abusive supervision: How disidentification and moral identity help the trickle-down change course. J. Appl. Psych. 104(1):164–182.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tepper BJ (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. Acad. Management J. 43(2):178–190.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tepper BJ, Duffy MK, Shaw JD (2001) Personality moderators of the relationship between abusive supervision and subordinates’ resistance. J. Appl. Psych. 86(5):974–983.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tepper BJ, Simon L, Park HM (2017) Abusive supervision. Annual Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav. 4:123–152.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tepper BJ, Moss SE, Lockhart DE, Carr JC (2007) Abusive supervision, upward maintenance communication, and subordinates’ psychological distress. Acad. Management J. 50(5):1169–1180.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Tröster C, Van Quaquebeke N (2020) When victims help their abusive supervisors: The role of LMX, self-blame, and guilt. Acad. Management J. 64(6):1793–1815.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Van der Sanden RLM, Pryor JB, Stutterheim SE, Kok G, Bos AER (2016) Stigma by association and family burden among family members of people with mental illness: The mediating role of coping. Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatric Epidemiology 51(9):1233–1245.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Vergne JP (2012) Stigmatized categories and public disapproval of organizations: A mixed-methods study of the global arms industry, 1996-2007. Acad. Management J. 55(5):1027–1052.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Vogel RM, Bolino MC (2020) Recurring nightmares and silver linings: Understanding how past abusive supervision may lead to posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Acad. Management Rev. 45(3):549–569.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Wee EXM, Liao H, Liu D, Liu J (2017) Moving from abuse to reconciliation: A power-dependence perspective on when and how a follower can break the spiral of abuse. Acad. Management J. 60(6):2352–2380.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Weiner B (1985) An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psych. Rev. 92(4):548–573.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Xu E, Huang X, Lam CK, Miao Q (2012) Abusive supervision and work behaviors: The mediating role of LMX. J. Organ. Behav. 33(4):531–543.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Xu E, Huang X, Jia R, Xu J, Liu W, Graham L, Snape E (2020) The “evil pleasure”: Abusive supervision and third-party observers’ malicious reactions toward victims. Organ. Sci. 31(5):1115–1137.LinkGoogle Scholar
  • Yam KC, Reynolds SJ, Wiltermuth SS, Zhang Y (2021) The benefits and perils of job candidates’ signaling their morality in selection decisions. Personnel Psych. 74(3):477–503.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Yam KC, Christian MS, Wei W, Liao Z, Nai J (2018) The mixed blessing of leader sense of humor: Examining costs and benefits. Acad. Management J. 61(1):348–369.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Yang J, Mossholder KW, Peng TK (2009) Supervisory procedural justice effects: The mediating roles of cognitive and affective trust. Leadership Quart. 20(2):143–154.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • Yu L, Duffy MK (2021) The whiplash effect: The (moderating) role of attributed motives in emotional and behavioral reactions to abusive supervision. J. Appl. Psych. 106(5):754–773.CrossrefGoogle Scholar
INFORMS site uses cookies to store information on your computer. Some are essential to make our site work; Others help us improve the user experience. By using this site, you consent to the placement of these cookies. Please read our Privacy Statement to learn more.