Reject or Protect? Corrective Action in Response to Women’s vs. Men’s Reports of Workplace Abuse
References
- (2020) Gender-role incongruity and audience-based gender bias: An examination of networking among entrepreneurs. Admin. Sci. Quart. 65(1):151–180.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2025) Out of sight, out of mind: How high-level construals can decrease the ethical framing of risk-mitigating behavior. J. Appl. Psych. 110(2):177–196.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1954) The Nature of Prejudice (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA).Google Scholar
- AllVoices (2021) The state of workplace harassment 2021. (September 1), https://www.allvoices.co/blog/the-state-of-workplace-harassment-2021.Google Scholar
- (2004) A relational model of workplace victimization: Social roles and patterns of victimization in dyadic relationships. J. Appl. Psych. 89(6):1023–1034.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2009) Blogs of information: How gender cues and individual motivations influence perceptions of credibility. J. Comput. Mediated Comm. 14(3):435–456.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Climate of fear in organisational settings: Construct definition, measurement and a test of theory. Australian J. Psych. 55(1):24–29.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1981) Conceptual approaches to stereotypes and stereotyping. Hamilton DL, ed. Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior (Psychology Press, London), 37–57.Google Scholar
- (1997) A critical analysis of USAir’s image repair discourse. Bus. Comm. Quart. 60(3):38–57.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Berdahl JL (2007) The sexual harassment of uppity women. J. Appl. Psych. 92(2):425.Google Scholar
- (2002) The (un)reasonableness of reporting: Antecedents and consequences of reporting sexual harassment. J. Appl. Psych. 87(2):230–242.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Toward a broader view of social stereotyping. Amer. Psych. 58(12):1019–1027.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Responding to sex-based discrimination: Gender differences in perceived discrimination and implications for legal decision making. Group Processes Intergroup Relations 15(3):409–424.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2006) Workplace harassment from the victim’s perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. J. Appl. Psych. 91(5):998–1012.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1971) Ethnic stereotypes. Psych. Bull. 76(1):15–38.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) Between markets, politics, and ethics: On vendor conscience and impersonal markets. J. Bus. Ethics 188(2):307–326.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) The consequences of ethical voice inside the organization: An integrative review. J. Appl. Psych. 108(8):1316–1335.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) Beyond blaming the victim: Toward a more progressive understanding of workplace mistreatment. Indust. Organ. Psych. 11(1):81–100.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1991) Social stigma: The affective consequences of attributional ambiguity. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 60(2):218–228.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) How the opinions of racial minorities influence judgments of discrimination. Basic Appl. Soc. Psych. 35(4):334–345.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2004) Does victim gender increase sentence severity? Further explorations of gender dynamics and sentencing outcomes. Crime Delinquency 50(3):319–343.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2003) Confronting prejudice (literally): Reactions to confrontations of racial and gender bias. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 29(4):532–544.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2019) The promise and peril of sexual harassment programs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 116(25):12255–12260.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) Moral foundations, himpathy, and punishment following organizational sexual misconduct allegations. Organ. Sci. 34(5):1938–1964.Link, Google Scholar
- (2004) Aversive racism. Adv. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 36:1–52. Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) Aversive racism and contemporary bias. Sibley CG, Barlow FK, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of the Psychology of Prejudice (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK), 267–294.Google Scholar
- (2003) Individual effects of exposure to bullying at work. Einarsen S, Hoel H, Cooper C, eds. Bullying and Emotional Abuse in the Workplace (CRC Press, London), 127–144.Google Scholar
- (1992) Acquiring organizational legitimacy through illegitimate actions: A marriage of institutional and impression management theories. Acad. Management J. 35(4):699–738.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) Discounting women: Doubting domestic violence survivors’ credibility and dismissing their experiences. Univ. Pennsylvania Law Rev. 167:399–461.Google Scholar
- (2021) People judge discrimination against women more harshly than discrimination against men—Does statistical fairness discrimination explain why? Frontiers Psych. 12:675–776.Google Scholar
- (2016) Moral chivalry: Gender and harm sensitivity predict costly altruism. Soc. Psych. Personality Sci. 7(6):542–551.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2011) Anticipatory sorting and gender segregation in temporary employment. Management Sci. 57(6):989–1008.Link, Google Scholar
- (2007) Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends Cognitive Sci. 11(2):77–83.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2002) A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 82:878–902.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1997) But was it really sexual harassment?: Legal, behavioral, and psychological definitions of the workplace victimization of women. O’Donohue W, ed. Sexual Harassment: Theory, Research, and Treatment (Allyn & Bacon, Boston), 5–28.Google Scholar
- (2009) The higher they are, the harder they fall: The effects of wrongdoer status on observer punishment recommendations and intentionality attributions. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 108(1):53–65.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) What we (do not) know about punishment across organizational boundaries. J. Management 49(1):196–236.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Attenuating the negative effects of abusive supervision: The role of proactive voice behavior and resource management ability. Leadership Quart. 26(5):821–837.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Understanding and addressing contemporary racism: From aversive racism to the common ingroup identity model. J. Soc. Issues 61(3):615–639.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Ganegoda DB, Shukla J, Shapiro DL (2024) Garnering support for social justice: When and why is “yes” likelier for “allies” versus “disadvantaged group advocates”? Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 182:104332.Google Scholar
- (2017) Whistleblowing studies in accounting research: A review of experimental studies on the determinants of whistleblowing. J. Accounting Literature 38(1):1–13.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2020) Allegations of mistreatment in an era of harm avoidance: Taboos, challenges, and implications for management. Acad. Management Perspect. 34(1):1–27.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) When do observers deprioritize due process for the perpetrator and prioritize safety for the victim in response to information-poor allegations of harm? Psych. Sci. 34(2):186–200.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) The empirical basis for the reasonable woman standard. J. Soc. Issues 51(1):151–166.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) A review of abusive behaviors at work: The development of a process model for studying abuse. Organ. Psych. Rev. 8(1):70–92.Google Scholar
- (2010) The role of corroborative evidence in child sexual abuse evaluations. J. Investigative Psych. 7(3):189–212.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil: Theorizing network silence around sexual harassment. J. Appl. Psych. 106(12):1834–1847.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) There’s a policy for that: A comparison of the organizational culture of workplaces reporting incidents of sexual harassment. Behav. Soc. Issues 17:169–181.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2020) Organizational effects of workplace bullying. Einarsen SV, Hoel H, Zapf D, Cooper CL, eds. Bullying and Harassment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Practice (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL), 209–234.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Experimental designs for identifying causal mechanisms. J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. A Statist. Soc. 176(1):5–51.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Negative interactions with faculty: Graduate student experiences. Conflict Management Higher Ed. Report 1(3):1–6.Google Scholar
- (2018) When and how abusive supervision leads to knowledge hiding behaviors: An Islamic work ethics perspective. Leadership Organ. Development J. 39(6):794–806.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Suffering in silence: Investigating the role of fear in the relationship between abusive supervision and defensive silence. J. Appl. Psych. 101(5):731–742.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1981) Racial discrimination in criminal sentencing: A critical evaluation of the evidence with additional evidence on the death penalty. Amer. Sociol. Rev. 46(6):783–805.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) Understanding when and why cover-ups are punished less severely. Acad. Management J. 64(3):873–900.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) Does power protect female moral objectors? How and when moral objectors’ gender, power, and use of organizational frames influence perceived self-control and experienced retaliation. Acad. Management J. 66(1):306–334.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2017) lmerTest package: Tests in linear mixed effects models. J. Statist. Software 82(13).Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) Sexual versus nonsexual workplace aggression and victims’ overall job satisfaction: A meta-analysis. J. Occupational Health Psych. 10(2):155–169.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) Sexual harassment mythology: Definition, conceptualization, and measurement. Sex Roles 58:599–615.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2015) Biased perceptions of racially diverse teams and their consequences for resource support. Organ. Sci. 26(5):1351–1364.Link, Google Scholar
- (2003) The communicative cycle of employee emotional abuse: Generation and regeneration of workplace mistreatment. Management Comm. Quart. 16(4):471–501.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2013) Encouraging employees to report unethical conduct internally: It takes a village. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 121(1):89–103.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1980) Stereotyping: From prejudice to prediction. Psych. Bull. 87(1):195–208.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2021) When are organizations punished for organizational misconduct? A review and research agenda. Res. Organ. Behav. 41:100150.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1994) Whistleblowing: Reaping the benefits. Acad. Management Perspect. 8(3):65–72.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) The mitigating effect of desiring status on social backlash against ambitious women. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 102:104355.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Organizational silence: A barrier to change and development in a pluralistic world. Acad. Management Rev. 25(4):706–725.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2000) Longitudinal analysis of dispositional influences and sexual harassment: Effects on job and psychological outcomes. Personnel Psych. 53(1):21–46.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) Unfounded sexual assault: Women’s experiences of not being believed by the police. J. Interpersonal Violence 37(11–12):NP8916–NP8940.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2008) To punish the guilty and protect the innocent: Comparing truth revelation procedures. J. Theoret. Politics 20(2):221–245.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) Moral dilemmas in hospitals: Which shooting victim should be saved? Frontiers Psych. 13:770020.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1985) Organizational dissidence: The case of whistle-blowing. J. Bus. Ethics 4(1):1–16.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1995) Effective-whistle blowing. Acad. Management Rev. 20(3):679–708.Crossref, Google Scholar
- O’Connor M, Gutek BA, Stockdale M, Geer TM, Melancon R (2004) Explaining sexual harassment judgments: Looking beyond gender of the rater. Law Human Behav. 28:69–95.Google Scholar
- (2011) A model of third parties’ morally motivated responses to mistreatment in organizations. Acad. Management Rev. 36(3):526–543.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1999) Rape myth acceptance: Exploration of its structure and its measurement using the Illinois rape myth acceptance scale. J. Res. Personality 33(1):27–68.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Employee silence: Quiescence and acquiescence as responses to perceived injustice. Buckley M, Halbesleben J, Wheeler AR, eds. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, vol. 20 (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Leeds, UK), 331–369.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2022) “Invisible” discrimination: Divergent outcomes for the nonprototypicality of black women. Acad. Management J. 65(3):784–812.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2024) An ally by any other name: Examining the effects of racial minority leaders as allies for advancing racial justice. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 181:104321.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2012) Reforming abusive organizations. Bowie V, Fisher BS, Cooper C, eds. Workplace Violence (Willan, London), 80–94.Google Scholar
- (2020) Man up and take it: Gender bias in moral typecasting. Organ. Behav. Human Decision Processes 161:120–141.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (1990) Asymmetry in prejudice attribution. J. Experiment. Soc. Psych. 26(6):481–504.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2018) The first-daughter effect: The impact of fathering daughters on men’s preferences for gender-equality policies. Public Opinion Quart. 82(3):493–523.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2001) Prevention and response: What works, what doesn’t? Griffith BE, ed. Sexual Harassment in the Public Workplace (American Bar Association, Chicago), 137–200.Google Scholar
- (2005) Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. J. Personality Soc. Psych. 89(6):845–851.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) Stumbling toward a social psychology of organizations: An autobiographical look at the direction of organizational research. Annual Rev. Organ. Psych. Organ. Behav. 3:1–19.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2005) The impact of pre-recorded video and closed circuit television testimony by adult sexual assault complainants on jury decision-making: An experimental study. Research and Public Policy Series No. 68, Australian Institute of Criminology, Canberra, Australia.Google Scholar
- (2000) Consequences of abusive supervision. Acad. Management J. 43(2):178–190.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2023) “Proof under reasonable doubt”: Ambiguity of the norm violation as boundary condition of third-party punishment. Personality Soc. Psych. Bull. 49(3):429–446.Crossref, Google Scholar
- Trevino LK, Victor B (1992) Peer reporting of unethical behavior: A social context perspective. Acad. Management J. 35(1):38–64.Google Scholar
- (2022) Formal reporting of identity-based harassment at an academic medical center: Incidence, barriers, and institutional responses. Acad. Medicine 97(7):1029–1037.Crossref, Google Scholar
- (2016) When are do-gooders treated badly? Legitimate power, role expectations, and reactions to moral objection in organizations. J. Appl. Psych. 101(6):793–814.Crossref, Google Scholar

