Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing

Christopher Marquis
Corresponding Author
Christopher Marquis
[email protected]
Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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,
Michael W. Toffel
Michael W. Toffel
[email protected]
Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts 02163
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,
Yanhua Zhou
Yanhua Zhou
[email protected]
Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts 02163
Search for more papers by this author

Christopher Marquis

Corresponding Author

Christopher Marquis

[email protected]

Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853

Search for more papers by this author

,

Michael W. Toffel

Michael W. Toffel

[email protected]

Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts 02163

Search for more papers by this author

,

Yanhua Zhou

[email protected]

Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts 02163

Search for more papers by this author

Published Online:2 Feb 2016https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1039

Supplemental Material

orsc.2015.1039-sm_appendix.pdf (152 KB)

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- The High Cost of Cheap Talk: How Disingenuous Ethical Language Can Reflect Agency Costs
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- Brightening the Dark Side of Environmental Regulation: Evidence from Green Revenues and Greenwashing Behaviors
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- Digital Innovation and Supply Chain Financing in China
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- The Impact of Carbon Information Disclosure on Firm Value: The Mediating Role of Green M&A—Evidence from China
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- Substantive Compliance or Strategic Avoidance? The Influence of the Total Carbon Emissions Control Policy (TCP) on Corporate ESG Performance
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- Carbon Reduction Pledges and Renewable Energy Adoption in East Asia’s Early Corporate Energy Transition
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- The Effect of ESG Disclosure on Firm Performance: Does Earnings Management Matter?
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- Beyond the Green Facade: New Challenges in Detecting and Preventing Greenwashing in Indian Companies
- Striking the balance: The Role of ESG Contracting and CEO Power on ESG Decoupling
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- Sustainability reports, corporate governance, and organizational units
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- DeepGreen: Effective LLM-Driven Greenwashing Monitoring System Designed for Empirical Testing — Evidence from China
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- Substantial green innovation for survival: how do continuous aspirations work?
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- The shifting landscape of greenwashing – insights from a bibliometric analysis
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- The Silence of the Virtuous: Confucian Culture, Risk Aversion, and ESG Brownwashing in Emerging Markets
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- From social good to operational good? How women influence sustainable operations
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- The Power of Retail Investors: The Effect of Online Interactions Over Environmental Issues on Corporate Greenwashing
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- Temporal (In)consistency in Sustainability Disclosure
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- The Structural Evolution of Corporate Sustainability Disclosure: Evidence from China’s “Dual Carbon” Goal
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- Strategic responses to sustainability certification under regulatory uncertainty: a real-options perspective
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- Why Do Companies Engage in the Creation of Private Governance? A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda
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- Symbolic versus substantive compliance from a dual legitimacy perspective: evidence from Chinese firms’ overseas violations
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- Aligning Pay With Purpose: ESG‐Linked Compensation and ESG Decoupling
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- Market Competition and Corporate ESG Greenwashing: A Perspective From New Entrants
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- Exploring the Heterogeneous Financial Value of ESG Adoption: A Global Study Across Industries and Regions
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- Silence is safer: ESG disclosure via social media
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- Time and space: The missing context in hotel ESG communication
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- Green fees: Sustainability impacts on portfolio management
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- Can artificial intelligence mitigate greenwashed green credit? Evidence from loan contracts of Chinese listed firms
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- Shifting Away the Pressure: How Does Local Air Quality Induce Pollution‐Driven Acquisitions?
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- How Does Climate Policy Uncertainty Affect Corporate Sustainability? Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment in China
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- Social Trust and Corporate Greenwashing in China: The Role of Informal Institutions for Sustainability
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- The Impact of Environmental Judicial Specialization on Corporate Greenwashing: Evidence from China
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- Corporate Environmental Attention and Corporate Greenwashing Behavior: Firm-Level Evidence from China
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- Research on the Impact of Corporate ESG Greenwashing on Sustainable Development Performance: Evidence from China
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- Symbol or Substance? Environmental Protection and International Expansion in Emerging Market Multinationals
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- Greening the Gulf: Boosting Sustainable Development Goals Reporting Through Environmental Innovations in Gulf Co‐Operation Council Countries
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- How “Ceremonial Openness” Prevents Organizational Change: An Analysis of Corporate Earnings Calls in the Oil and Gas Industry, 2007–2020
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- Green Illusions: The Impact of Corporate Greenwashing on Trade Credit Access
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- Distinct Mechanisms of Investors' Reactions to First‐Time Versus Continuous CSR Disclosures
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- Why are you so different? A behavioral theory perspective of CSR communication strategy
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- Green Truth or Green Mirage? Carbon Information Disclosure and Asset Mispricing
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- Symbolic or Substantive Action: Intent, Effort, and Results
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- Identification of Performative ESG Behaviors Using Explainable Machine Learning
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- Digital finance and climate risk information disclosure
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- Climate Policy Uncertainty and Corporate Carbon Information Disclosure Catering Behavior: An Empirical Study Based on Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises
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- Navigating the ESG Paradox: Strategic Pathways Between Innovation and Washing Under Stakeholder Scrutiny
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- Exposing the cracks: the hidden costs of voluntary negative CSR disclosure on internal control
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- Corporate Social Responsibility or Strategic Opportunism? Evidence From High and New Technology Firms
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- Sustainability Discourse: How Oil and Gas Giants Are Transforming in the Context of the Transition to Low Carbon Economy
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- Greenhushing and Socialhushing: Two Steps Forward and One Step Back?
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- Introduction: The Slow Violence of Carbon Sports
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- Sustainability Reporting in the Era of Circular Economy: A Bibliometric Network Visualization
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- Theoretical Foundations of ESG Strategy
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- Effectiveness of emission reduction policies and the role of corporate governance
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- Green transformation or greenwashing? Strategic options for competitiveness in corporate green activities
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- Legitimacy at a Premium: When Do Firms Hire Comparatively Better (Lesser) Qualified Female Directors?
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- Undesired corporate sustainability practices under imperfect ESG rating scheme
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- Greenwashing in the Tuna Industry: Implications for Consumers, Businesses and Planetary Health
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  Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 100
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  International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 106
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- Customer digitalization and supplier greenwashing
  Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 393
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- Artificial intelligence technology application and corporate ESG performance—evidence from national pilot zones for artificial intelligence innovation and application
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- Common Institutional Ownership and Climate-Related Information Disclosure: Evidence from China
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- Hero or villain? The role of the board of directors in combating greenwashing
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- Poverty alleviation of multinational enterprises in home country: symbolic or substantive?
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- On the Relationship Between Financial Distress and ESG Scores
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- Unveiling the wolf in sheep’s clothing: the double-edged sword of voluntary CSR disclosures on internal control quality
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- Seeing through the haze: greenwashing and the cost of capital in technology firms
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- Greenwashing in the Indian corporate landscape: an empirical assessment of ESG disclosures of NIFTY 50 companies
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- Can green finance policy reduce corporate carbon emissions? Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China
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- Environmental regulations and the greenwashing of corporate ESG reports
  Economic Analysis and Policy, Vol. 87
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- Is issuing green bonds Helpful in improving corporate green governance? -- A study based on Chinese listed companies
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 525
- Demand-driven corporate social responsibility: Symbolic versus substantive change after environmental disasters
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- The role of emission disclosure for the low-carbon transition
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- The impact of ESG performance, reporting framework, and reporting assurance on the tone of ESG disclosures: Evidence from Chinese listed firms
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 466
- Achieving corporate carbon neutrality: A multi-perspective framework
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- Are publicly traded tourism and hospitality providers greenwashing?
  Tourism Management, Vol. 103
- Female board membership and stakeholder strategy: Consistency under complexity and uncertainty
  10 April 2023 | Human Relations, Vol. 77, No. 8
- The Brand as an Example for Sustainability: The Impact of Brand Activism on Employee Pro-Environmental Attitudes
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- Regulation of environmental, social and governance disclosure greenwashing behaviors considering the risk preference of enterprises
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- How cheap talk in climate disclosures relates to climate initiatives, corporate emissions, and reputation risk
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- Strategic disclosure of carrier’s carbon emission reduction information by competitive shippers in marine supply chains
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- Financial Analyst Coverage and Corporate Environmental Disclosure
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- Conceptualising Silence in External Corporate Communication: A Case Study of Pakistan
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- Black-Box Access is Insufficient for Rigorous AI Audits
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- From financial reporting to ESG reporting: a bibliometric analysis of the evolution in corporate sustainability disclosures
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- Research in the greenwashing field: concepts, theories, and potential impacts on economic and social value
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- Anti-corruption disclosure: evidence from the natural experiment of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive
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- The role of AI capabilities in environmental management: Evidence from USA firms
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- Environmental regulations and charitable donations made by polluting companies: Evidence from China
  International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 93
- ARE sustainable funds doing the talk and the walk? An ESG score analysis of fund portfolio holdings
  International Review of Economics & Finance, Vol. 93
- The Roles of Environmental Groups in Economics
  Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, Vol. 18, No. 2
- Floodlight or Spotlight? Public Attention and the Selective Disclosure of Environmental Information
  3 April 2023 | Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 61, No. 4
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  21 May 2024 | Sustainability, Vol. 16, No. 11
- Are Social Welfare Outcomes Any Different?
- Shareholders and ESG Disclosure
- Unveiling the truth: greenwashing in sustainable finance
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- The effects of the EU non-financial reporting directive on corporate social responsibility
  26 September 2022 | The European Journal of Finance, Vol. 30, No. 7
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- Beyond buying less: A functional matching perspective on sustainable fashion product purchasing
  Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 95
- Talk the talk, but walk the walk: what do we know about marital demography and corporate greenwashing?
  21 May 2021 | Journal of Management & Organization, Vol. 30, No. 3
- Social Discourse on Greenwashing in Fashion Sustainability Practices: Unraveling the Communication Network on Twitter
- The Last but Not the Least Piece of Marine Debris Management: Decoding Factors in Consumers’ Intentions to Purchase Recycled Marine Debris Products
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- Oversight Mechanisms and the Reduction of Greenwashing
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- The Practice of Green Washing Motivated by Financial Constraints: An Analysis in Global Economies
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  8 January 2024 | Managerial and Decision Economics, Vol. 45, No. 3
- Has environmental protection tax reform promoted green transformation of enterprises? Evidence from China
  5 April 2024 | Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 31, No. 20
- State shareholding in privately-owned firms and greenwashing: Evidence from China
  Finance Research Letters, Vol. 62
- The ESG washing in banks: Evidence from the syndicated loan market
  Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 142
- Greenwashing, bank financial performance and the moderating role of gender diversity
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- A PRISMA systematic review of greenwashing in the banking industry: A call for action
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- When Are Norms Prescriptive? Understanding and Clarifying the Role of Norms in Behavioral Ethics Research
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- Study on the impact of green finance on green total factor productivity in forestry—evidence from China
  11 March 2024 | Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 12
- GREEN BONDS AND CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE GREENWASHING: EVIDENCE FROM CHINA
  7 March 2024 | The Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 10
- A survey on ESG: investors, institutions and firms
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- Framing as a strategy for defending the perceived authenticity of voluntary environmental disclosure in the digital era
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- How do suppliers respond to institutional complexity? Examining voluntary public environmental disclosure in a global manufacturing supply network
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- Infection mechanism of greenwashing behavior of construction material enterprises under multi-agent interaction
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- Filling the climate governance gap: Do corporate decarbonization initiatives matter as much as state and local government policy?
  Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 109
- FinTech matters in sustainable finance: Does it redistribute the supply of financial services?
  Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Vol. 91
- How Political Actors Co‐Construct CSR and its Effect on Firms' Political Access: A Discursive Institutionalist View
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- Peeking into Corporate Greenwashing through the Readability of ESG Disclosures
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- Presentation of Greenwashing Pattern in the Corporate Reporting: Meta-Synthesis and Shannon Entropy Method
  1 March 2024 | journal of Value & Behavioral Accounting, Vol. 8, No. 16
- Two interventions for mitigating the harms of greenwashing on consumer perceptions
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  8 August 2023 | Global Strategy Journal, Vol. 14, No. 1
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- When attention to climate change matters: The impact of climate risk disclosure on firm market value
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- On the Edge of Destruction: An Impaired-Regulation Model of Destructive Entrepreneurial Action
  27 September 2022 | Journal of Management, Vol. 50, No. 2
- Firm–Stakeholder Dialogue and the Media: The Evolution of Stakeholder Evaluations in Different Informational Environments
  Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 67, No. 1
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- From green advertising to greenwashing: content analysis of global corporations’ green advertising on social media
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- Informal regulation by nongovernmental organizations enhances corporate compliance: Evidence from a nationwide randomized controlled trial in China
  11 September 2023 | Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 43, No. 1
- The Prominence of Natural Capital Within the Integrated Reports of South African Banks
  12 January 2024
- Do Green Bonds Improve the Stock and Environmental Performance of Energy Firms? International Evidence
  14 January 2024
- How Startups Develop CSR to Build Brand Reputation: A Qualitative Pilot Study
  8 August 2024
- An Agenda for Research on Sustainability Reporting: Europe and Beyond
  21 September 2024
- Environmental Disclosure and Greenwashing Can We Separate Signal from Noise?
  31 January 2025
- True transparency or mere decoupling? The study of selective disclosure in sustainability reporting
  Critical Perspectives on Accounting, Vol. 98
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  Finance Research Letters, Vol. 59
- Leveraging keystone agents in extractive industries to advance sustainability
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- How does the stakeholder exposure of vertical integration influence environmental performance?
  International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 267
- Does religiosity influence corporate greenwashing behavior?
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 434
- CSR beyond symbolism: The importance of substantive attributions for employee CSR engagement
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 436
- Do firms walk the talk when economic uncertainty is high?
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 436
- In partnership for the goals? The level of agreement between SDG ratings
  Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 217
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  1 January 2024 | SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 102
- The Costs of Being Sustainable
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- The Influence of MNE's Local Reputation on the Financial Rents from Responding to Large Disasters
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- Greenness and its Discontents: Operational Implications of Investor Pressure
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- On the Relationship between Financial Distress and ESG Scores
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- The Value of NGO Activism
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- Word-Deed Alignment and Firm Value: Evidence From Firms’ Diversity Efforts
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- Minimum Viable Signal: Venture Funding, Social Movements, and Race
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- When green is no longer a win -new evidence on the shareholder wealth effects of green bond offerings
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- The Rise of Socially Responsible Investment Funds: The Paradoxical Role of the Financial Logic
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- Different Shades of Green: An Analysis of the EU Issuers' Disclosure Regulation and Its Effectiveness on Limiting 'Greenwashing'
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- Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts to Combat Greenwashing in Environmental Disclosures
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- When Corporate Silence Is Costly: Negative Consumer Responses To Corporate Silence On Social Issues
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- Mandatory ESG disclosure and cost of equity capital: International evidence
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- Window Dressing in Impression Management: Does Negative Media Coverage Drive Corporate Green Production?
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- Shareholder Activism Research: A System-Level View
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- Coupling and coordination between green finance and agricultural green development: Evidence from China
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- Financial materiality and corporate risk: Evidence from an Instrumental Variables (IV) design
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- Possibilities of Legal Mechanisms to Counteract Greenwashing to Achieve the Principles of Sustainable Development
  7 December 2023 | Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, Vol. 11, No. 12
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- Employees' response to corporate greenwashing
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- How does transparency into global sustainability initiatives influence firm value? Insights from Anglo‐American countries
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- Determinants and consequences of corporate social responsibility decoupling—Status quo and limitations of recent empirical quantitative research
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- From greenwashing to green B2B marketing: A systematic literature review
  Industrial Marketing Management, Vol. 115
- Green bonds: Green investments or greenwashing?
  International Review of Financial Analysis, Vol. 90
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  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 427
- Symbol or substance? Environmental regulations and corporate environmental actions decoupling
  Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 346
- Seeking input when the train has left the station: The decoupling of participative strategic decision-making processes and the role of new technology in symbolic management
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- Transparency and disclosure (TD) and valuation of Indian banks
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- Analiza greenwashingu w kontekście emisji długu zrównoważonego
  28 September 2023 | Przegląd Prawno-Ekonomiczny, No. 3
- The Crisis in Local Newspapers and Organizational Wrongdoing: The Role of Community Social Connectedness
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- Sustainable clothing: Why conspicuous consumption and greenwashing matter
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- Sustainable development and greenwashing: How blockchain technology information can empower green consumers
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- The power of the CEO and environmental decoupling
  13 January 2023 | Business Strategy and the Environment, Vol. 32, No. 6
- Greenwashing behavior and firm value – From the perspective of board characteristics
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- The power of culture: Does Confucian culture contribute to corporate environmental information disclosure?
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- Liabilities of origin and its influence on firm's corporate social performance? A study of emerging market multinational corporations
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- Strategic or substantive green innovation: How do non-green firms respond to green credit policy?
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- Who pays attention to sustainability reports and why? Evidence from Google search activity
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- Overselling corporate social responsibility
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- “Greenwashing”: adequação ou distorção?
  27 September 2023 | Revista de Gestão e Secretariado (Management and Administrative Professional Review), Vol. 14, No. 9
- In search of accounting principles for the central bank
  Materiały i Studia, Vol. 34, No. 361
- Climate shaming: explaining environmental NGOs targeting practices
  11 November 2022 | Climate Policy, Vol. 23, No. 7
- The impact of CSR and corporate ability on purchase intention in e-commerce websites: an examination across genders
  20 July 2023 | The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, Vol. 33, No. 4
- Salary transparency and gender pay inequality: Evidence from Canadian universities
  6 January 2023 | Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 44, No. 8
- Determinants of Supply Chain Engagement in Carbon Management
  15 July 2022 | Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 186, No. 1
- Relationship analysis between greenwashing and environmental performance
  11 May 2022 | Environment, Development and Sustainability, Vol. 25, No. 8
- Mapping sustainability reporting research with the UN's sustainable development goal
  Heliyon, Vol. 9, No. 8
- Exploring the role of language in shaping corporate environmental practices
  Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 413
- Sportswashing: Media headline or analytic concept?
  4 November 2022 | International Review for the Sociology of Sport, Vol. 58, No. 5
- How Committed are MNEs Currently to Decarbonizing their Supply Chains?
  3 August 2023
- DO GOVERNMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS SUPPORT GREEN WASHING? ACTING AS A GLOBAL PARTNER IN THE GLOBAL CLIMATE CRISIS
  31 July 2023 | Hacettepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 41, No. Tarım Özel Sayısı
- The failure of transparency as self-regulation
  20 February 2023 | Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, Vol. 14, No. 4
- Financial constraints and corporate greenwashing strategies in China
  22 January 2023 | Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 30, No. 4
- Greening through centralization of environmental monitoring?
  Energy Economics, Vol. 123
- Firm‐Level Climate Change Risk and CEO Equity Incentives
  1 September 2022 | British Journal of Management, Vol. 34, No. 3
- Bureaucratic response to performance information: how mandatory information disclosure affects environmental inspections
  24 April 2023 | Public Administration Review, Vol. 83, No. 4
- Corporate social responsibility and corporate tax aggressiveness: Evidence of mandatory vs. voluntary regulatory regimes impact
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- The effect of digitalization transformation on greenwashing of Chinese listed companies: an analysis from the dual perspectives of resource-based view and legitimacy
  2 June 2023 | Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol. 11
- An Analysis of Carbon-Reduction Pledges of U.S. Oil and Gas Companies
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  21 April 2023 | Management Science, Vol. 69, No. 6
- Inside-out and Outside-in Perspectives on Corporate Purpose
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- Governing Corporate Social Responsibility Decoupling: The Effect of the Governance Committee on Corporate Social Responsibility Decoupling
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- How does the bond market price corporate ESG engagement? Evidence from China
  Economic Analysis and Policy, Vol. 78
- Executive Compensation Tied to ESG Performance: International Evidence
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- Talk the Talk, But Walk the Walk? Female-Managed Firms and Greenwashing Behavior
  4 August 2023 | Environment and Behavior, Vol. 55, No. 5
- The language of late fossil capital
  21 June 2023 | Nordic Journal of Media Studies, Vol. 5, No. 1
- Perspective Chapter: Rethinking CSR Strategies in the Era of COVID-19
  3 May 2023
- The firm under the spotlight: How stakeholder scrutiny shapes corporate social responsibility and its influence on performance
  13 November 2022 | Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Vol. 30, No. 3
- The Influence of Strategic Disclosure on Corporate Climate Performance Ratings
  8 August 2022 | Business & Society, Vol. 62, No. 5
- Corporate social responsibility and firm performance
  4 July 2022 | Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, Vol. 34, No. 5-6
- A systematic literature review on the determinants of sustainability reporting systems
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- Regulatory-driven corporate greenwashing: Evidence from “low-carbon city” pilot policy in China
  Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol. 78
- Migrating to Global Reporting Initiative Guidelines: Does International Harmonization of CSR Information Pay?
  20 February 2022 | British Journal of Management, Vol. 34, No. 2
- Corporate Sustainability Communication as ‘Fake News’: Firms’ Greenwashing on Twitter
  14 April 2023 | Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 8
- A critical reflection on voluntary corporate non-financial and sustainability reporting and disclosure: lessons learnt from two case studies on integrated reporting
  19 August 2022 | Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Vol. 19, No. 2
- A comprehensive look at Greenwashing from 1996 to 2021: a bibliometric analysis
  8 November 2022 | Journal of Indian Business Research, Vol. 15, No. 1
- Public Opinion and Impression Management in the Communication of Performance During the Second Iraq War
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- Reciprocity in Firm–Stakeholder Dialog: Timeliness, Valence, Richness, and Topicality
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- The Role of Share Repurchases for Firms’ Social and Environmental Sustainability
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- The governance of manufacturers’ greenwashing behaviors: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis of electric vehicles
  Applied Energy, Vol. 333
- Aligning corporate carbon accounting with natural climate solutions in Southeast Asia
  Environmental Development, Vol. 45
- Assessing companies' decent work practices: An analysis of ESG rating methodologies
  24 January 2023 | International Labour Review, Vol. 162, No. 1
- Évaluer les pratiques des entreprises en matière de travail décent: une analyse des méthodologies de notation ESG
  28 January 2023 | Revue internationale du Travail, Vol. 162, No. 1
- Evaluación de las prácticas de trabajo decente en las empresas. Análisis de las metodologías de calificación ambiental, social y de gobernanza
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- The Uneven Returns of Transparency in Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosures
  29 March 2022 | Organization & Environment, Vol. 36, No. 1
- Why Bad News Can Be Good News: The Signaling Feedback Effect of Negative Media Coverage of Corporate Irresponsibility
  28 July 2022 | Organization & Environment, Vol. 36, No. 1
- Does GRI compliance moderate the impact of sustainability disclosure on firm value?
  5 December 2022 | Society and Business Review, Vol. 18, No. 1
- An introduction to grey influence analysis (GINA): Applications to causal modelling in marketing and supply chain research
  Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 212
- MNEs’ transfer of socially irresponsible practices: A replication with new extensions
  Journal of World Business, Vol. 58, No. 2
- Logistics outsourcing: Effects of greenwashing and blockchain technology
  Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Vol. 170
- How and When Does Mandatory CSR Disclosure Affects Firms’ CSR Disclosure Strategy?
  19 January 2023 | Management and Organization Review, Vol. 19, No. 1
- The CSR–CFP relationship in the presence of institutional voids and the moderating role of family ownership
  28 May 2021 | Asian Business & Management, Vol. 22, No. 1
- Virtue Rhetoric in Investor Communications: Setting Up for a Letdown?
  5 April 2021 | Journal of Management, Vol. 49, No. 2
- The Role of Long-Term Institutional Ownership in Sustainability Report Assurance: Global Evidence
  14 February 2023 | Sustainability, Vol. 15, No. 4
- Influence of distracted mutual fund investors on corporate ESG decoupling: evidence from China
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- Unveiling the “Veil” of information disclosure: Sustainability reporting “greenwashing” and “shared value”
  18 January 2023 | PLOS ONE, Vol. 18, No. 1
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  12 September 2023
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- Special Issue of Organization & Environment on “Nonfinancial Disclosure and Real Sustainable Change Within and Beyond Organizations: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Complications”
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cover image Organization Science

Volume 27, Issue 2

March-April 2016

Pages 233-504

Article Information

Supplemental Material

Metrics

Information

Published Online:February 02, 2016

Copyright © 2016, INFORMS

Cite as

Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel, Yanhua Zhou (2016) Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing. Organization Science 27(2):483-504.

https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2015.1039

Keywords

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Organization Science Senior Editor Brayden King and the anonymous reviewers for their feedback and guidance. They also thank Jason Beckfield, Frank Dobbin, Anil Doshi, Vince Feng, Anne Fleischer, Shon Hiatt, Bill Simpson, András Tilcsik, Magnus Torfason, and Peter Younkin and audience members at Duquesne University, Harvard Business School, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, McGill University, MIT-Harvard Economic Sociology Seminar, Peking University, SciencesPo Center for Sociology of Organizations, University of Macau, University of Michigan, and University of Toronto for comments on prior versions of this paper. The authors thank Chris Allen, Xiang Ao, Andrew Marder, Melissa Ouellet, and Bill Simpson for research assistance, James Salo of Trucost Plc. for his support explaining Trucost’s methodology, Richard Bryden of the Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness at Harvard Business School for providing the authors with the Executive Opinion Survey data from the World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Reports, John Elder for editorial support, and Harvard Business School’s Division of Research and Faculty Development for financial support.